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Bengali Brahmin

January 07, 2023

The Bengali Brahmins are Hindu Brahmins who traditionally reside in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, currently comprising the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh.

Bengali Brahmins
A Bengali Brahmin priest
Regions with significant populations
West Bengal, India
Languages
Bengali
Religion
Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Maithil Brahmin, Utkala Brahmin, Kanyakubja Brahmin

The Bengali Brahmins, along with Baidyas and Kayasthas, are regarded among the three traditional higher castes of Bengal.[1] In the colonial era, the Bhadraloks of Bengal were primarily, but not exclusively, drawn from these three castes, who continue to maintain a collective hegemony in West Bengal.[2][3][4]

History

Multiple land-grants to Brahmins, from since the Gupta Era have been observed.[5] The Dhanaidaha copper-plate inscription, dated to 433 CE, is the earliest of them and records a grantee Brahmin named Varahasvamin.[5] The 7th-century Nidhanpur copperplate inscription mentions that a marshy land tract adjacent to an existing settlement was given to more than 208 Vaidika Brahmins (Brahmins versed in the Vedas) belonging to 56 gotras and different Vedic schools.[6]

It is traditionally believed that much later, in the 11th century CE, after the decline of the Pala dynasty, a Hindu king, Adisura brought in five Brahmins from Kanauj, his purpose being to provide education for the Brahmins already in the area whom he thought to be ignorant, and revive traditional orthodox Brahminical Hinduism. As per tradition, these five immigrant Brahmins and their descendants went on to become the Kulin Brahmins.[7] According to Sengupta, multiple accounts of this legend exist, and historians generally consider this to be nothing more than myth or folklore lacking historical authenticity.[8] Identical stories of migration of Orissan Brahmins exist under the legendary king of Yayati Kesari.[9] According to Sayantani Pal, D.C Sircar opines that, the desideration of Bengali Brahmins to gain more prestige by connecting themselves with the Brahmins from the west, 'could have contributed' to the establishment of the system of 'kulinism'.[10]

Post Partition of India

When the British left India in 1947, carving out separate nations, many Brahmins, whose original homes were in the newly created Islamic Republic of Pakistan, migrated en masse to be within the borders of the newly defined Republic of India, and continued to migrate for several decades thereafter to escape Islamist persecution.[11][12]

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar (2004). Caste, Culture, and Hegemony: Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal. Sage Publications. p. 20. ISBN 81-7829-316-1.
  2. ^ Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar (2004). Caste, Culture, and Hegemony: Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal. Sage Publications. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-761-99849-5.
  3. ^ Chakrabarti, Sumit (2017). "Space of Deprivation: The 19th Century Bengali Kerani in the Bhadrolok Milieu of Calcutta". Asian Journal of Social Science. 45 (1/2): 56. doi:10.1163/15685314-04501003. ISSN 1568-4849. JSTOR 44508277.
  4. ^ Ghosh, Parimal (2016). What Happened to the Bhadralok?. Delhi: Primus Books. ISBN 9789384082994.
  5. ^ a b Griffiths, Arlo (2018). "Four More Gupta-period Copperplate Grants from Bengal". Pratna Samiksha: A Journal of Archaeology. New Series (9): 15–57.
  6. ^ Shin, Jae-Eun (2018-01-01). Region Formed and Imagined: Reconsidering Temporal, Spatial and Social Context of Kāmarūpa, in Lipokmar Dzuvichu and Manjeet Baruah (eds), Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation, London and New York: Routledge, 2018, pp.23-55
  7. ^ Hopkins, Thomas J. (1989). "The Social and Religious Background for Transmission of Gaudiya Vaisnavism to the West". In Bromley, David G.; Shinn, Larry D. (eds.). Krishna consciousness in the West. Bucknell University Press. pp. 35–36. ISBN 978-0-8387-5144-2. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  8. ^ Sengupta, Nitish K. (2001). History of the Bengali-Speaking People. UBS Publishers' Distributors. p. 25. ISBN 81-7476-355-4.
  9. ^ Witzel 1993, p. 267.
  10. ^ Pal, Sayantani (2016), "Sena Empire", The Encyclopedia of Empire, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1–2, doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe043, ISBN 978-1-118-45507-4, retrieved 5 February 2022
  11. ^ "Pakistan: The Ravaging of Golden Bengal". Time. 2 August 1971.
  12. ^ Das, S. (1990). Communal Violence in Twentieth Century Colonial Bengal: An Analytical Framework. Social Scientist, 18(6/7), 21. doi:10.2307/3517477
  13. ^ Bhattacharya, "Raybaghini o Bhurishrestha Rajkahini"
  14. ^ Bhattacharya, "Raybaghini o Bhurishrestha Rajkahini"
  15. ^ Dutt, Ajanta (6 July 2016). "Book review 'A Nation in Making': Banerjea's nation-A man and his history". The Asian Age. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  16. ^ Khan, Fatima (8 April 2019). "Bankim Chandra — the man who wrote Vande Mataram, capturing colonial India's imagination". The Print. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  17. ^ a b "Kishore Kumar birthday: His favourite songs". India Today. 4 August 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  18. ^ . Hindustan Times. 11 October 2011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  19. ^ Littrup, Lisbeth (28 October 2013). Identity In Asian Literature. Routledge. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-136-10426-8.

References

  • An Introduction to the Study of Indian History, by Damodar Dharmanand Kosāmbi, Popular Prakasan,35c Tadeo Road, Popular Press Building, Bombay-400034, First Edition: 1956, Revised Second Edition: 1975.
  • Atul Sur, Banglar Samajik Itihas (Bengali), Calcutta, 1976
  • NN Bhattacharyya, Bharatiya Jati Varna Pratha (Bengali), Calcutta, 1987
  • RC Majumdar, Vangiya Kulashastra (Bengali), 2nd ed, Calcutta, 1989.
  • Bhattacharya, Jogendra Nath (1896). Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects toward Each Other and toward Other Religious Systems. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink. p. iii.
  • Dutta, K; Robinson, A (1995), Rabindranath Tagore: The Myriad-Minded Man, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-14030-4
  • Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf (2015). Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205–1494). Routledge. ISBN 9781317587460.
  • Witzel, Michael (1993). "Toward a History of the Brahmins". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 113 (2): 264–268. doi:10.2307/603031. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 603031.

January 07, 2023
bengali, brahmin, hindu, brahmins, traditionally, reside, bengal, region, indian, subcontinent, currently, comprising, indian, state, west, bengal, country, bangladesh, priestregions, with, significant, populationswest, bengal, indialanguagesbengalireligionhin. The Bengali Brahmins are Hindu Brahmins who traditionally reside in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent currently comprising the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh Bengali BrahminsA Bengali Brahmin priestRegions with significant populationsWest Bengal IndiaLanguagesBengaliReligionHinduismRelated ethnic groupsMaithil Brahmin Utkala Brahmin Kanyakubja BrahminThe Bengali Brahmins along with Baidyas and Kayasthas are regarded among the three traditional higher castes of Bengal 1 In the colonial era the Bhadraloks of Bengal were primarily but not exclusively drawn from these three castes who continue to maintain a collective hegemony in West Bengal 2 3 4 Contents 1 History 2 Post Partition of India 3 Notable people 4 See also 5 Notes 6 ReferencesHistoryMultiple land grants to Brahmins from since the Gupta Era have been observed 5 The Dhanaidaha copper plate inscription dated to 433 CE is the earliest of them and records a grantee Brahmin named Varahasvamin 5 The 7th century Nidhanpur copperplate inscription mentions that a marshy land tract adjacent to an existing settlement was given to more than 208 Vaidika Brahmins Brahmins versed in the Vedas belonging to 56 gotras and different Vedic schools 6 It is traditionally believed that much later in the 11th century CE after the decline of the Pala dynasty a Hindu king Adisura brought in five Brahmins from Kanauj his purpose being to provide education for the Brahmins already in the area whom he thought to be ignorant and revive traditional orthodox Brahminical Hinduism As per tradition these five immigrant Brahmins and their descendants went on to become the Kulin Brahmins 7 According to Sengupta multiple accounts of this legend exist and historians generally consider this to be nothing more than myth or folklore lacking historical authenticity 8 Identical stories of migration of Orissan Brahmins exist under the legendary king of Yayati Kesari 9 According to Sayantani Pal D C Sircar opines that the desideration of Bengali Brahmins to gain more prestige by connecting themselves with the Brahmins from the west could have contributed to the establishment of the system of kulinism 10 Post Partition of IndiaWhen the British left India in 1947 carving out separate nations many Brahmins whose original homes were in the newly created Islamic Republic of Pakistan migrated en masse to be within the borders of the newly defined Republic of India and continued to migrate for several decades thereafter to escape Islamist persecution 11 12 Notable peopleRaja Ganesha founder of the Ganesha dynasty of Bengal Raja Krishnachandra Roy Raja of Nadia Raj Rudranarayan Maharaja of Bhurishrestha 13 Bhavashankari Queen of Bhurishrestha 14 Rani Bhabani Queen of Natore kingdom of Rajshahi Abhijit Banerjee born 1961 winner of the 2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Surendranath Banerjee 1848 1925 founder of the Indian National Association first Indian to pass the Indian civil service examination 15 Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya 1836 1906 Sanskrit scholar Bankim Chandra Chatterjee 1838 1894 Indian Bengali novelist poet and journalist 16 Suniti Kumar Chatterji 1890 1977 linguist Sourav Ganguly born 1972 President of BCCI and former captain of Indian National Cricket Team Bagha Jatin 1879 1915 leader of the Jugantar party of revolutionary freedom fighters in Bengal Ashok Kumar 1911 2001 Indian film actor 17 Kishore Kumar 1929 1987 Indian playback singer actor music director lyricist writer director producer and screenwriter 17 Uttam Kumar 1926 1980 Indian Bengali actor Ashutosh Mukherjee 1864 1924 educator and barrister Pranab Mukherjee 1935 2020 13th President of India and a veteran leader of the Indian National Congress 18 Syama Prasad Mukherjee 1901 1953 politician barrister Hara Prasad Shastri 1853 1931 founder of the Charyapada Dwarkanath Tagore 1794 1846 one of the first Indian industrialists to form an enterprise with British partners 19 Rabindranath Tagore 1861 1941 poet who won the Nobel Prize in Literature Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 1820 1891 educator and social reformer M N Roy 1887 1954 Indian revolutionary formed Communist party in India and Mexico Ram Mohan Roy 1772 1833 social reformerSee alsoKulin BrahminNotes Bandyopadhyay Sekhar 2004 Caste Culture and Hegemony Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal Sage Publications p 20 ISBN 81 7829 316 1 Bandyopadhyay Sekhar 2004 Caste Culture and Hegemony Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal Sage Publications p 25 ISBN 978 0 761 99849 5 Chakrabarti Sumit 2017 Space of Deprivation The 19th Century Bengali Kerani in the Bhadrolok Milieu of Calcutta Asian Journal of Social Science 45 1 2 56 doi 10 1163 15685314 04501003 ISSN 1568 4849 JSTOR 44508277 Ghosh Parimal 2016 What Happened to the Bhadralok Delhi Primus Books ISBN 9789384082994 a b Griffiths Arlo 2018 Four More Gupta period Copperplate Grants from Bengal Pratna Samiksha A Journal of Archaeology New Series 9 15 57 Shin Jae Eun 2018 01 01 Region Formed and Imagined Reconsidering Temporal Spatial and Social Context of Kamarupa in Lipokmar Dzuvichu and Manjeet Baruah eds Modern Practices in North East India History Culture Representation London and New York Routledge 2018 pp 23 55 Hopkins Thomas J 1989 The Social and Religious Background for Transmission of Gaudiya Vaisnavism to the West In Bromley David G Shinn Larry D eds Krishna consciousness in the West Bucknell University Press pp 35 36 ISBN 978 0 8387 5144 2 Retrieved 31 October 2011 Sengupta Nitish K 2001 History of the Bengali Speaking People UBS Publishers Distributors p 25 ISBN 81 7476 355 4 Witzel 1993 p 267 Pal Sayantani 2016 Sena Empire The Encyclopedia of Empire John Wiley amp Sons Ltd pp 1 2 doi 10 1002 9781118455074 wbeoe043 ISBN 978 1 118 45507 4 retrieved 5 February 2022 Pakistan The Ravaging of Golden Bengal Time 2 August 1971 Das S 1990 Communal Violence in Twentieth Century Colonial Bengal An Analytical Framework Social Scientist 18 6 7 21 doi 10 2307 3517477 Bhattacharya Raybaghini o Bhurishrestha Rajkahini Bhattacharya Raybaghini o Bhurishrestha Rajkahini Dutt Ajanta 6 July 2016 Book review A Nation in Making Banerjea s nation A man and his history The Asian Age Retrieved 12 September 2020 Khan Fatima 8 April 2019 Bankim Chandra the man who wrote Vande Mataram capturing colonial India s imagination The Print Retrieved 13 January 2021 a b Kishore Kumar birthday His favourite songs India Today 4 August 2011 Retrieved 25 February 2020 Protocol to keep President Pranab off Puja customs Hindustan Times 11 October 2011 Archived from the original on 31 August 2020 Retrieved 12 July 2012 Littrup Lisbeth 28 October 2013 Identity In Asian Literature Routledge p 94 ISBN 978 1 136 10426 8 ReferencesAn Introduction to the Study of Indian History by Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi Popular Prakasan 35c Tadeo Road Popular Press Building Bombay 400034 First Edition 1956 Revised Second Edition 1975 Atul Sur Banglar Samajik Itihas Bengali Calcutta 1976 NN Bhattacharyya Bharatiya Jati Varna Pratha Bengali Calcutta 1987 RC Majumdar Vangiya Kulashastra Bengali 2nd ed Calcutta 1989 Bhattacharya Jogendra Nath 1896 Hindu Castes and Sects An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects toward Each Other and toward Other Religious Systems Calcutta Thacker Spink p iii Dutta K Robinson A 1995 Rabindranath Tagore The Myriad Minded Man St Martin s Press ISBN 0 312 14030 4 Siddiq Mohammad Yusuf 2015 Epigraphy and Islamic Culture Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal 1205 1494 Routledge ISBN 9781317587460 Witzel Michael 1993 Toward a History of the Brahmins Journal of the American Oriental Society 113 2 264 268 doi 10 2307 603031 ISSN 0003 0279 JSTOR 603031 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bengali Brahmin amp oldid 1131223833, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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