In geomorphology, geography and geology, a bench or benchland is a long, relatively narrow strip of relatively level or gently inclined land that is bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below it. Benches can be of different origins and created by very different geomorphic processes.[1]
Hypothetical cross-section of a river valley showing different types of benches. They include structural benches (sb) formed by the differential erosion of shale beds overlying limestone beds. Also, they include benches in the form of narrow strath terraces (st), fill terraces (ft), and cut terraces (ct) underlain by fluvial sediments.
First, the differential erosion of rocks or sediments of varying hardness and resistance to erosion can create benches. Earth scientists called such benches "structural benches." Second, other benches are narrow fluvial terraces created by the abandonment of a floodplain by a river or stream and entrenchment of the river valley into it. Finally, a bench is also the name of a narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff that was created by waves or other physical or chemical erosion near the shoreline. These benches are typically referred to as either "coastal benches," "wave-cut benches," or "wave-cut platforms."[2][3]
In mining, a bench is a narrow, strip of land cut into the side of an open-pit mine. These step-like zones are created along the walls of an open-pit mine for access and mining.[1]
See alsoedit
Raised beach, also known as Marine terrace – Emergent coastal landform
^ abJackson, J.A., 1997, Glossary of Geology. American Geological Institute. Alexandria, Virginia.
^Bryan, W. B., and R. S. Stephens, 1993, Coastal bench formation at Hanauma Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Geological Society of America Bulletin. v. 105, no. 3, p. 377-386.
^Huggett, J.L., 2007, Fundamentals of Geomorphology. Routledge. New York, New York. ISBN978-0-415-39084-2
External linksedit
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bench, geology, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, bench, geology, news, newspapers, books, scholar, js. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bench geology news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message In geomorphology geography and geology a bench or benchland is a long relatively narrow strip of relatively level or gently inclined land that is bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below it Benches can be of different origins and created by very different geomorphic processes 1 Hypothetical cross section of a river valley showing different types of benches They include structural benches sb formed by the differential erosion of shale beds overlying limestone beds Also they include benches in the form of narrow strath terraces st fill terraces ft and cut terraces ct underlain by fluvial sediments First the differential erosion of rocks or sediments of varying hardness and resistance to erosion can create benches Earth scientists called such benches structural benches Second other benches are narrow fluvial terraces created by the abandonment of a floodplain by a river or stream and entrenchment of the river valley into it Finally a bench is also the name of a narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff that was created by waves or other physical or chemical erosion near the shoreline These benches are typically referred to as either coastal benches wave cut benches or wave cut platforms 2 3 In mining a bench is a narrow strip of land cut into the side of an open pit mine These step like zones are created along the walls of an open pit mine for access and mining 1 See also editRaised beach also known as Marine terrace Emergent coastal landform Piedmonttreppen Strandflat Type of landform found in high latitude areas Terrace geology A step like landformReferences edit a b Jackson J A 1997 Glossary of Geology American Geological Institute Alexandria Virginia Bryan W B and R S Stephens 1993 Coastal bench formation at Hanauma Bay Oahu Hawaii Geological Society of America Bulletin v 105 no 3 p 377 386 Huggett J L 2007 Fundamentals of Geomorphology Routledge New York New York ISBN 978 0 415 39084 2External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Benches geology nbsp This geomorphology article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bench geology amp oldid 1194745994, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
