The Bellingham riots occurred on September 4, 1907, in Bellingham, Washington, United States.[1] A mob of 400–500 white men, predominantly members of the Asiatic Exclusion League, with intentions to exclude Indian immigrants from the work force of the local lumber mills, attacked the homes of the South Asian Indians.[2] The Indians were mostly Sikhs but were labelled as Hindus by much of the media of the day.[3]
The mob threw the East Indian workers into the streets, beat them, and pocketed their valuables. The authorities co-operated with the mob by corralling the beaten Indian immigrants into the City Hall, ostensibly for their safety.[4] "By the next day 125 South Asians had been driven out of town and were on their way to British Columbia".[5] According to one report, disputed by local leaders and newspapers, six East Indians were hospitalized; no one was killed. About 100 were held overnight in the Bellingham jail, reportedly under "protective custody". Although five men were arrested, they were later released and none of the participants in the mob violence were prosecuted.[6]
To acknowledge and atone for the riots, Whatcom County Executive Pete Kremen and Bellingham Mayor Tim Douglas jointly proclaimed the 100th anniversary of the riots, Sept. 4, 2007, a "Day of Healing and Reconciliation."[10] A granite monument, the Arch of Healing and Reconciliation, was erected in downtown Bellingham and dedicated in 2018 in memory of the three groups of Asian immigrants who were expelled from the region: the Chinese in 1885, the Indians in 1907, and the Japanese in 1942.[11]
See alsoedit
Anti-Oriental Riots (Vancouver) – riots against Canadians of Asian descent in VancouverPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback, that followed those in Bellingham
^"The 1907 Bellingham Riots". Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project. University of Washington. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
^Lieb, Emily (December 26, 2006). "White workingmen attack Bellingham's East Indian millworkers on September 4, 1907". HistoryLink.org. Essay 8039. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
^"The 1907 Bellingham Riots: News Coverage 1907-2007". Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project. University of Washington. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
^Cahn, David (2008). "The 1907 Bellingham Riots in Historical Context". Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project. University of Washington. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
^Lee, Erika (November 1, 2007). "The "Yellow Peril" and Asian Exclusion in the Americas". Pacific Historical Review. 76 (4): 537–562. doi:10.1525/phr.2007.76.4.537. ISSN 0030-8684. JSTOR 10.1525/phr.2007.76.4.537. OCLC 6965417308.
^Wynne, Robert E. (1966). "American Labor Leaders and the Vancouver Anti-Oriental Riot". The Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 57 (4): 174. ISSN 0030-8803. JSTOR 40488175. OCLC 9972703563.
^Labovitch, Lisa (June 4, 2021). "White mob gathers to expel Asian Indian laborers from Everett on November 2, 1907". HistoryLink.org. Essay 21247. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
^Vancouver Courier (August 31, 2007). . canada.com. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012.
^McMahon, Suzanne (2001). "The Great White Wall". Echoes of freedom: South Asian pioneers in California, 1899-1965. Berkeley, CA, US: Center for South Asian Studies, University of California. pp. 23–-24. ISBN978-0-944613-41-2. OCLC 1341891513 – via Internet Archive.
^(PDF). Arch of Healing and Reconciliation. Bellingham, WA. September 20, 2010 [2007-09-04]. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 9, 2014.
^. Bellingham Whatcom County Tourism. October 3, 2017. Archived from the original on September 20, 2020.
Further readingedit
Englesberg, Paul (March 1, 2013). (PDF). Canadian Sikh Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016.
Hallberg, Gerald N. (1973). "Bellingham, Washington's Anti-Hindu Riot". Journal of the West. 12: 163–175. ISSN 0022-5169. OCLC 1783221.
Jensen, Joan M. (1988). Passage from India: Asian Indian immigrants in North America. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-03846-0. OCLC 1342141898 – via Internet Archive.
McMahon, Suzanne (2001). Echoes of freedom: South Asian pioneers in California, 1899-1965. Berkeley, CA, US: Center for South Asian Studies, University of California. ISBN978-0-944613-41-2. OCLC 1341891513 – via Internet Archive.
External linksedit
"Bellingham Riot materials". South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA). This includes a video documentary and archival print materials.
Koritala, Srirajasekhar Bobby (December 13, 2016). "A historical perspective of Americans of Asian Indian origin". infinityfoundation.com. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
. Sixth European Social Science History Conference. December 17, 2005. Archived from the original on December 17, 2005.
February 16, 2024
bellingham, riots, occurred, september, 1907, bellingham, washington, united, states, white, predominantly, members, asiatic, exclusion, league, with, intentions, exclude, indian, immigrants, from, work, force, local, lumber, mills, attacked, homes, south, asi. The Bellingham riots occurred on September 4 1907 in Bellingham Washington United States 1 A mob of 400 500 white men predominantly members of the Asiatic Exclusion League with intentions to exclude Indian immigrants from the work force of the local lumber mills attacked the homes of the South Asian Indians 2 The Indians were mostly Sikhs but were labelled as Hindus by much of the media of the day 3 Contents 1 Events 2 Legacy 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksEvents editThe mob threw the East Indian workers into the streets beat them and pocketed their valuables The authorities co operated with the mob by corralling the beaten Indian immigrants into the City Hall ostensibly for their safety 4 By the next day 125 South Asians had been driven out of town and were on their way to British Columbia 5 According to one report disputed by local leaders and newspapers six East Indians were hospitalized no one was killed About 100 were held overnight in the Bellingham jail reportedly under protective custody Although five men were arrested they were later released and none of the participants in the mob violence were prosecuted 6 Some victims of the riots migrated to Everett Washington where two months later they received similar treatment 7 Similar riots occurred during this period in Vancouver BC 8 and California 9 Legacy editTo acknowledge and atone for the riots Whatcom County Executive Pete Kremen and Bellingham Mayor Tim Douglas jointly proclaimed the 100th anniversary of the riots Sept 4 2007 a Day of Healing and Reconciliation 10 A granite monument the Arch of Healing and Reconciliation was erected in downtown Bellingham and dedicated in 2018 in memory of the three groups of Asian immigrants who were expelled from the region the Chinese in 1885 the Indians in 1907 and the Japanese in 1942 11 See also editAnti Oriental Riots Vancouver riots against Canadians of Asian descent in VancouverPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback that followed those in Bellingham List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States Pacific Coast race riots of 1907 Race riots on the American Pacific coast in 1907References edit The 1907 Bellingham Riots Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project University of Washington Retrieved January 9 2024 Lieb Emily December 26 2006 White workingmen attack Bellingham s East Indian millworkers on September 4 1907 HistoryLink org Essay 8039 Retrieved January 9 2024 The 1907 Bellingham Riots News Coverage 1907 2007 Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project University of Washington Retrieved January 9 2024 Cahn David 2008 The 1907 Bellingham Riots in Historical Context Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project University of Washington Retrieved January 9 2024 Lee Erika November 1 2007 The Yellow Peril and Asian Exclusion in the Americas Pacific Historical Review 76 4 537 562 doi 10 1525 phr 2007 76 4 537 ISSN 0030 8684 JSTOR 10 1525 phr 2007 76 4 537 OCLC 6965417308 Wynne Robert E 1966 American Labor Leaders and the Vancouver Anti Oriental Riot The Pacific Northwest Quarterly 57 4 174 ISSN 0030 8803 JSTOR 40488175 OCLC 9972703563 Labovitch Lisa June 4 2021 White mob gathers to expel Asian Indian laborers from Everett on November 2 1907 HistoryLink org Essay 21247 Retrieved January 9 2024 Vancouver Courier August 31 2007 Two day conference examines city s 1907 race riot canada com Archived from the original on November 4 2012 McMahon Suzanne 2001 The Great White Wall Echoes of freedom South Asian pioneers in California 1899 1965 Berkeley CA US Center for South Asian Studies University of California pp 23 24 ISBN 978 0 944613 41 2 OCLC 1341891513 via Internet Archive Human Rights Commemorative Project leaflet PDF Arch of Healing and Reconciliation Bellingham WA September 20 2010 2007 09 04 Archived from the original PDF on March 9 2014 Arch of Healing and Reconciliation to Honor Diversity and Immigrants in Washington State Bellingham Whatcom County Tourism October 3 2017 Archived from the original on September 20 2020 Further reading editEnglesberg Paul March 1 2013 The 1907 Bellingham Riot and Anti Asian Hostilities in the Pacific Northwest PDF Canadian Sikh Centre Archived from the original PDF on March 4 2016 Hallberg Gerald N 1973 Bellingham Washington s Anti Hindu Riot Journal of the West 12 163 175 ISSN 0022 5169 OCLC 1783221 Jensen Joan M 1988 Passage from India Asian Indian immigrants in North America New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 03846 0 OCLC 1342141898 via Internet Archive Lee Erika 2007 Hemispheric Orientalism and the 1907 Pacific Coast Race Riots Amerasia Journal 33 2 19 48 doi 10 17953 amer 33 2 y263745731125524 ISSN 0044 7471 OCLC 1259572954 McMahon Suzanne 2001 Echoes of freedom South Asian pioneers in California 1899 1965 Berkeley CA US Center for South Asian Studies University of California ISBN 978 0 944613 41 2 OCLC 1341891513 via Internet Archive External links edit Bellingham Riot materials South Asian American Digital Archive SAADA This includes a video documentary and archival print materials Koritala Srirajasekhar Bobby December 13 2016 A historical perspective of Americans of Asian Indian origin infinityfoundation com Retrieved January 10 2024 The Racial Politics of Empire South Asian Revolutionaries on the Pacific Coast Sixth European Social Science History Conference December 17 2005 Archived from the original on December 17 2005 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bellingham riots amp oldid 1194682031, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
