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Palace of Beaulieu

October 19, 2023

Not to be confused with Beaulieu Palace House.

The Palace of Beaulieu (/ˈbjuːli/ ⓘ BEW-lee) is a former royal palace in Boreham, Essex, England, north-east of Chelmsford. The surviving part is a Grade I listed building. The property is currently occupied by New Hall School.

Beaulieu Palace circa 1580

History Edit

 
Beaulieu in 1669 from Count Magalotti

The estate on which it was built – the manor of Walhfare in Boreham – was granted to the Canons of Waltham Abbey in 1062.[1] After various changes of possession, it was granted by the Crown to Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond in 1491. By this time, it had a house called New Hall.[2][3]

In 1516, New Hall was sold by Thomas Boleyn, father of Anne Boleyn, to King Henry VIII for £1,000.[n 1] The king rebuilt the house in brick at a cost of £17,000.[4][n 2] He gave his new palace the name Beaulieu, meaning "beautiful place" in French. The name expressed Henry's desire for fine things, though the name change did not outlast the century.

On 23 July 1527 Henry's court arrived at Beaulieu on his summer progress, staying, unusually, for over a month in the company of a large number of nobles and their wives, including Anne Boleyn's father who had been created Viscount Rochford, the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, the Marquess of Exeter, the Earls of Oxford, Essex, and Rutland, and Viscount Fitzwalter. It was here that Henry devised a scheme to allow him to cohabit with his intended successor of Queen Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, by obtaining a Papal bull that declared Henry's marriage to Catherine invalid, effectively allowing him to commit bigamy by claiming he was technically unmarried in the first place. This plan was dropped when Cardinal Wolsey discovered the plan, though Pope Clement VII did, in fact, issue a bull to the same effect that December.[5]

In October 1533, the daughter of Queen Catherine, Mary, who had been staying at Beaulieu for some time, was evicted, as the king had recently granted the palace to George Boleyn (Anne Boleyn's brother). George had been a keeper at Beaulieu when the palace was in the hands of the king. The royal inventory of 1547 noted 29 great beds, four bathing rooms with wooden floors and beds set in the wall, and a library with 37 titles.[6]

After Anne Boleyn was beheaded and Henry married Jane Seymour, he was convinced by his new wife to bring his daughters back to court. In 1537, when Queen Jane died after giving birth to a son, Edward, Mary, Henry's eldest daughter was made godmother to her half-brother Edward and acted as chief mourner at the Queen's funeral. Henry granted her a household and Mary was permitted to reside in royal palaces. Her privy purse expenses for nearly the whole of this period have been published and show that Hatfield Palace, the Palace of Beaulieu (also called New Hall), Richmond, and Hunsdon were among her principal places of residence.

Queen Elizabeth I granted the estate in 1573 to Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, who seems to have largely rebuilt the north wing. It is not known though whether he rebuilt other parts of the palace; a fire had occurred in Henry VIII's time and the palace could have been mostly rebuilt then. Soon after the north range was completed, Thomas installed Elizabeth's coat of arms above the main entrance which is still visible today. In 1622, Robert Radcliffe, 5th Earl of Sussex, sold it to George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham for £30,000.

During the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell took possession of the estate for the sum of five shillings. After reverting to the 2nd Duke of Buckingham at the Restoration, it was sold to George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, and the court of King Charles II was frequently entertained there. Cosimo de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, visited in 1669 and a member of his retinue produced a view of the house. A copy of this view was published in 1821.[7]

 
The surviving north wing, now occupied by New Hall School

Benjamin Hoare acquired the property in 1713, but it was in a poor state when purchased in 1737 by John Olmius, elevated to the peerage as Baron Waltham in 1762, who demolished and rebuilt much of the former palace. The north wing was left largely untouched and forms the present house. John was succeeded in 1762 by his son Drigue who died childless in 1787, aged 40, when New Hall devolved on his sister, the Honourable Elizabeth. However, she died the same year and her husband John Luttrell, later the Earl of Carhampton, took on the Olmius name; but, already owning the Carhampton estate including Painshill, he sold New Hall in 1798.

The purchasers in 1798 were the English nuns of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, who opened a Catholic school there the following year. New Hall School remains a school to this day. The Royal Arms of Henry VIII are in the school chapel. In 2006 a book, New Hall and its School, was published by Tony Tuckwell.[8]

The Beaulieu name is now remembered in the name of the nearby housing estate, Beaulieu Park, Boreham.

In February 2009, Channel 4's Time Team visited and excavated the grounds of the former palace. The special programme was broadcast on 13 April 2009. In the excavations, the team uncovered the chapel, west wing and the gatehouse.[9]

Notes and references Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ "Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound amount, 1516 to Present". Measuringworth.com. Retrieved 4 June 2012. £543,000 based on RPI in 2012 money or £5,440,000 on the basis of average earnings
  2. ^ "Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound amount, 1517 to Present". Measuringworth.com. Retrieved 4 June 2012. £10,400,000 based on RPI in 2012 money or £102,000,000 on the basis of average earnings

Citations Edit

  1. ^ Charter of 1062 ref: S 1036
  2. ^ Historic England. "New Hall, Boreham (1000207)". Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  3. ^ Historic England. "New Hall (Grade I) (1338404)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  4. ^ Maurice Howard, The Early Tudor Country House: Architecture and politics 1490-1550 (George Philip, 1987), p. 205.
  5. ^ Retha M. Warnicke, The Rise And Fall of Anne Boleyn: Family Politics at the Court of Henry VIII (Cambridge University Press 1989).
  6. ^ Starkey, David, ed., The Inventory of Henry VIII, vol. 1, Society of Antiquaries, (1998), 341-343.
  7. ^ New Hall in 1669 - a view by Magalotti
  8. ^ New Hall and its School: A True School of Virtuous Demeanour, Hardcover. England: Free Range Publishing. 2006. p. 281. ISBN 978-1872979021.
  9. ^ Time team dig historic school 21 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Palace of Beaulieu.
  • Henry VIII & Catherine of Aragon Coat of Arms

51°45′52″N 0°30′43″E / 51.7644°N 0.5119°E / 51.7644; 0.5119

October 19, 2023
palace, beaulieu, confused, with, beaulieu, palace, house, juː, former, royal, palace, boreham, essex, england, north, east, chelmsford, surviving, part, grade, listed, building, property, currently, occupied, hall, school, beaulieu, palace, circa, 1580, conte. Not to be confused with Beaulieu Palace House The Palace of Beaulieu ˈ b juː l i BEW lee is a former royal palace in Boreham Essex England north east of Chelmsford The surviving part is a Grade I listed building The property is currently occupied by New Hall School Beaulieu Palace circa 1580 Contents 1 History 2 Notes and references 2 1 Notes 2 2 Citations 3 External linksHistory Edit nbsp Beaulieu in 1669 from Count MagalottiThe estate on which it was built the manor of Walhfare in Boreham was granted to the Canons of Waltham Abbey in 1062 1 After various changes of possession it was granted by the Crown to Thomas Butler 7th Earl of Ormond in 1491 By this time it had a house called New Hall 2 3 In 1516 New Hall was sold by Thomas Boleyn father of Anne Boleyn to King Henry VIII for 1 000 n 1 The king rebuilt the house in brick at a cost of 17 000 4 n 2 He gave his new palace the name Beaulieu meaning beautiful place in French The name expressed Henry s desire for fine things though the name change did not outlast the century On 23 July 1527 Henry s court arrived at Beaulieu on his summer progress staying unusually for over a month in the company of a large number of nobles and their wives including Anne Boleyn s father who had been created Viscount Rochford the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk the Marquess of Exeter the Earls of Oxford Essex and Rutland and Viscount Fitzwalter It was here that Henry devised a scheme to allow him to cohabit with his intended successor of Queen Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn by obtaining a Papal bull that declared Henry s marriage to Catherine invalid effectively allowing him to commit bigamy by claiming he was technically unmarried in the first place This plan was dropped when Cardinal Wolsey discovered the plan though Pope Clement VII did in fact issue a bull to the same effect that December 5 In October 1533 the daughter of Queen Catherine Mary who had been staying at Beaulieu for some time was evicted as the king had recently granted the palace to George Boleyn Anne Boleyn s brother George had been a keeper at Beaulieu when the palace was in the hands of the king The royal inventory of 1547 noted 29 great beds four bathing rooms with wooden floors and beds set in the wall and a library with 37 titles 6 After Anne Boleyn was beheaded and Henry married Jane Seymour he was convinced by his new wife to bring his daughters back to court In 1537 when Queen Jane died after giving birth to a son Edward Mary Henry s eldest daughter was made godmother to her half brother Edward and acted as chief mourner at the Queen s funeral Henry granted her a household and Mary was permitted to reside in royal palaces Her privy purse expenses for nearly the whole of this period have been published and show that Hatfield Palace the Palace of Beaulieu also called New Hall Richmond and Hunsdon were among her principal places of residence Queen Elizabeth I granted the estate in 1573 to Thomas Radclyffe 3rd Earl of Sussex who seems to have largely rebuilt the north wing It is not known though whether he rebuilt other parts of the palace a fire had occurred in Henry VIII s time and the palace could have been mostly rebuilt then Soon after the north range was completed Thomas installed Elizabeth s coat of arms above the main entrance which is still visible today In 1622 Robert Radcliffe 5th Earl of Sussex sold it to George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham for 30 000 During the English Civil War Oliver Cromwell took possession of the estate for the sum of five shillings After reverting to the 2nd Duke of Buckingham at the Restoration it was sold to George Monck 1st Duke of Albemarle and the court of King Charles II was frequently entertained there Cosimo de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany visited in 1669 and a member of his retinue produced a view of the house A copy of this view was published in 1821 7 nbsp The surviving north wing now occupied by New Hall SchoolBenjamin Hoare acquired the property in 1713 but it was in a poor state when purchased in 1737 by John Olmius elevated to the peerage as Baron Waltham in 1762 who demolished and rebuilt much of the former palace The north wing was left largely untouched and forms the present house John was succeeded in 1762 by his son Drigue who died childless in 1787 aged 40 when New Hall devolved on his sister the Honourable Elizabeth However she died the same year and her husband John Luttrell later the Earl of Carhampton took on the Olmius name but already owning the Carhampton estate including Painshill he sold New Hall in 1798 The purchasers in 1798 were the English nuns of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre who opened a Catholic school there the following year New Hall School remains a school to this day The Royal Arms of Henry VIII are in the school chapel In 2006 a book New Hall and its School was published by Tony Tuckwell 8 The Beaulieu name is now remembered in the name of the nearby housing estate Beaulieu Park Boreham In February 2009 Channel 4 s Time Team visited and excavated the grounds of the former palace The special programme was broadcast on 13 April 2009 In the excavations the team uncovered the chapel west wing and the gatehouse 9 Notes and references EditNotes Edit Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound amount 1516 to Present Measuringworth com Retrieved 4 June 2012 543 000 based on RPI in 2012 money or 5 440 000 on the basis of average earnings Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound amount 1517 to Present Measuringworth com Retrieved 4 June 2012 10 400 000 based on RPI in 2012 money or 102 000 000 on the basis of average earnings Citations Edit Charter of 1062 ref S 1036 Historic England New Hall Boreham 1000207 Register of Historic Parks and Gardens Retrieved 4 June 2012 Historic England New Hall Grade I 1338404 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 5 October 2021 Maurice Howard The Early Tudor Country House Architecture and politics 1490 1550 George Philip 1987 p 205 Retha M Warnicke The Rise And Fall of Anne Boleyn Family Politics at the Court of Henry VIII Cambridge University Press 1989 Starkey David ed The Inventory of Henry VIII vol 1 Society of Antiquaries 1998 341 343 New Hall in 1669 a view by Magalotti New Hall and its School A True School of Virtuous Demeanour Hardcover England Free Range Publishing 2006 p 281 ISBN 978 1872979021 Time team dig historic school Archived 21 February 2009 at the Wayback MachineExternal links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Palace of Beaulieu Henry VIII amp Catherine of Aragon Coat of Arms New Hall history Read a detailed historical record on Beaulieu Palace 51 45 52 N 0 30 43 E 51 7644 N 0 5119 E 51 7644 0 5119 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Palace of Beaulieu amp oldid 1155739364, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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