Beardsley Ruml
Beardsley Ruml (5 November 1894 – 19 April 1960) was an American statistician, economist, philanthropist, planner, businessman and man of affairs in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.
Beardsley Ruml | |
|---|---|
| Born | November 5, 1894 |
| Died | April 19, 1960 (aged 65) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Dartmouth College, 1915 B.A. University of Chicago, 1917 Ph.D. |
| Spouse(s) | Lois Treadwell, married on August 28, 1917 |
| Children | 3 |
| Parent(s) | Salome Beardsley Ruml and Wentzle Ruml |
He was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. His father, Wentzle Ruml, was a country doctor. His mother, Salome Beardsley Ruml, was a hospital superintendent.
Ruml received a BA from Dartmouth College in 1915[1] and a Ph.D. in psychology and education from the University of Chicago in 1917.
On August 28, 1917, he married Lois Treadwell; they had three children. A pioneer statistician, in 1918 he helped design aptitude and intelligence tests for the U.S. Army. Ruml viewed society as composed of groups whose traits could be measured and ranked on a scale of normality and deviance.
From 1922 to 1929, he directed the fellowship program of the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund, focusing on support for quantitative social and behavioral science. He was an advisor to President Herbert Hoover, especially on farm issues. In 1931, he became dean of the Division of Social Sciences at the University of Chicago—a center for quantitative research. He was not popular with the faculty and in 1934 Ruml became an executive of Macy's, parent company of the department store, rising to chairman in 1945. He also served as a director of the New York Federal Reserve Bank (1937–1947), and was its chairman from 1941 until 1946;[2] he was active at the Bretton Woods Conference (1944), which established the international monetary system. Ruml was active in New Deal planning agencies, but his plans never saw fruition.[citation needed]
In the summer of 1942, Ruml proposed that the U.S. Treasury start collecting income taxes through a withholding, pay-as-you-go, system. He proposed an abatement on the previous year's taxes, making up the revenue by immediately collecting on the current year's taxes. In 1943 Congress adopted the employer withholding system.[3]
In 1945, Ruml made a famous speech to the ABA, asserting that since the end of the gold standard, "Taxes for Revenue are Obsolete". The real purposes of taxes, he asserted, were: to "stabilize the purchasing power of the dollar," to "express public policy in the distribution of wealth and of income," "in subsidizing or in penalizing various industries and economic groups" and to "isolate and assess directly the costs of certain national benefits, such as highways and social security." This is seen as a forerunner of functional finance or chartalism.
Ruml wrote several books and essays, including The Interest Rate Problem, Memo to a college trustee: A report on financial and structural problems of the liberal college, Government, Business, and Values, and Tomorrow's Business.
Ruml died April 19, 1960, in Danbury, Connecticut.[4] He is buried at Umpawaug Cemetery, in Redding, Connecticut.[5]
Notes edit
- ^ "Guide to the Beardsley Ruml Papers: 1917-1960". University of Chicago Library. Archived from the original on 2012-07-13. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ . Time. September 1, 1951. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010.
- ^ Anuj C. Desai, What a History of Tax Withholding Tells Us About the. Relationship Between Statutes and Constitutional Law, 108 Nw. U. L. Rev. 859 2014
- ^ New York Times obituary, April 19, 1960, p. 1
- ^ Find a Grave
References edit
- Patrick D. Reagan. Designing a New America: The Origins of New Deal Planning, 1890-1943 University of Massachusetts Press 2000.
- Patrick D. Reagan. The Withholding Tax, Beardsley Ruml, and Modern American Policy,. Prologue. 24 (1992): 19–31.
- Beardsley Ruml. Taxes for Revenue are Obsolete. American Affairs, Jan. 1946, VIII:1, p. 35 pdf html
External links edit
- Taxation for Revenue Is Obsolete, January 1946, American Affairs
- "Beardsley Ruml". JSTOR.
- Guide to the Beardsley Ruml Papers 1917-1960 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center