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Battle of Matapan

January 29, 2023

For the Second World War battle, see Battle of Cape Matapan.

The Battle of Matapan took place on 19 July 1717 off the Cape Matapan, on the coast of the Mani Peninsula, now in southern Greece. The naval battle was between the Armada Grossa of the Republic of Venice, supported by a mixed squadron of allied ships from Portugal, the Papal States and Malta, and the Ottoman fleet, under Kapudan Pasha Eğribozlu İbrahim Pasha.

Battle of Matapan
Part of the Ottoman-Venetian War of 1714-18

D. João V e a Batalha do Cabo Matapão (1717), Domenico Duprà
Date19 July 1717
Location
Off Cape Matapan, Mediterranean Sea
Result Indecisive
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire  Venice
Portugal
Malta
 Papal States
Commanders and leaders
Ibrahim Pasha Marcantonio Diedo
Lopo Furtado [pt]
Strength
34 ships
24 galleys
1 frigate		 22 ships
21 frigates
9 galleys
Casualties and losses
580 killed and wounded
2 ships of the line sunk		 Sources differ

Prelude

The 24 Venetian sailing ships under Marcantonio Diedo, commander of the Venetian fleet, met up with another Venetian squadron of 24 galleys under the Capitano generale da Mar Andrea Pisani and a small squadron of 9 mixed Portuguese-Maltese ships under the Maltese knight Bellefontaine near Cape Matapan on 2 July. After trying separately to win the wind gauge, and running out of water supply, the Allied force went to Marathonisi, near the top of the Gulf of Matapan, to resupply. They had tried to reach Sapientza, but winds were against them and they took the risk of being caught in the gulf.

The battle

The Ottoman fleet, with 30 sailing ships, and 4 galleys, was seen to the south, on the west side of the bay entrance, on 19 July. With a light wind from the SSE, this meant that they had the advantage. Diedo, unable to sail to the west of the Ottoman fleet, decided to sail slowly east, across the bay.

The Allied fleet was organized into four divisions: the Capitano delle Navi, Diedo, was in the Van, followed by the Center, led by his second in command, Correr. The 3rd or Rear Division was commanded by Dolfin. The 4th or Allied Division was commanded by Belle Fontaine.

Ibrahim with 6 ships attacked the Rear Division at about 6am, while the rest of his fleet went ahead and attacked the Van and Center. At about 12pm the fleets were approaching the east side of the bay, and shortly after the leading ships turned, the wind turned from the SE, putting the leading Venetian ships to windward of some of the Ottoman fleet for the first time. Taking advantage of this, Diedo attacked them and the tough battle continued. At about 3pm the Ottoman fleet retired, sailing for the Cervi-Cerigo passage, while the Allies sailed for Cape Matapan. Neither side wished to continue the fight.

Aftermath

As a result of the battle, the Venetian attempt to recapture the Morea was foiled and the Ottoman reconquest of the peninsula was confirmed.

Each Allied state gave their own ships complete credit for any achievements. Some of these accounts are almost totally unreliable due to a variety of reasons—for example, their inclusion of forces which were not actually present for the battle.

Ships involved

Venice and allies

[1]

  • Blue Division - Vanguard
  • Yellow Division - Center
    • Corona (Crown) 74 guns
    • Madonna della Salute (Madonna of Health) 70 guns (flagship of Almirante Ludovico Diedo,  †)
    • Terror 70 guns
    • San Pio V (Saint Pius V) 70 guns
    • San Pietro Apostolo, bought in Livorno, 50 guns
    • Aquila Volante (Flying Eagle) 52 guns, also reported as Aquiletta
    • Fede Guerriera (Warrior Faith) 60 guns
    • Nettuno (Neptune) 52 guns
    • Sacra Lega (Holy League) 50 guns
  • Red Division - Rear
    • San Gaetano 70 guns
    • Fortuna Guerriera (Warrior Fortune) 68 guns
    • Venezia Trionfante (Triumphant Venice) 52 guns
    • San Lorenzo Zustinian II 70 guns
    • Grand'Alessandro (Big Alexander) 70 guns (flagship of Almirante Dolfin)
    • Colomba d'Oro (Golden Dove) 70 guns, also reported as Colomba
    • Rosa (Rose) 60 guns, also reported as Rosa Moceniga
    • Valor Coronato (Crowned valour) 52 guns
    • São Lourenço 58 guns (Portuguese)
  • Allied Division
 
Admiral Lopo Furtado de Mendonça, commander of the Nossa Senhora da Conceição
    • San Raimondo 46 guns (Maltese)
    • Fortuna Guerriera 70 guns (Venetian)
    • Rainha dos Anjos 56 guns (Portuguese)
    • Nossa Senhora das Necessidades 66 guns (Portuguese)
    • Santa Catarina 56 guns (Chevalier de Bellefontaine - Maltese)
    • Nossa Senhora do Pilar 84 guns (Portuguese)
    • Santa Rosa 66 guns (Portuguese)
    • Nossa Senhora da Conceição 80 guns (General-Admiral Lopo Furtado de Mendoça - Portuguese)
    • Nossa Senhora da Assunção 66 guns (Portuguese)
  • Auxiliaries
    • Captain Trivisan (fireship) - Scuttled
    • Madonna del Rosario (hospital ship) - Sunk

Galleys

13 Venetian
5 Maltese
4 Papal
2 Tuscan

Ottomans

Ships of the Line

Kebir Üç Ambarlı (The Great Three Decker) 114 (Flagship of Ibrahim Pasha)
Ejder Başlı (The Dragon) 70
Çifte Ceylan Kıçlı (The Two Gazelles) 70
Yaldızlı Hurma (The Gilded Date) 70
Şadırvan Kıçlı (The Sprinkling Fountain) 66
Siyah At Başlı (The Black Horse) 66
Beyaz At Başlı (The White Horse) 66
Kula At Başlı (The Grey Horse) 66
Büyük Gül Başlı (The Great Rose) 66
Yılan Başlı (The Snake) 34 (unique ship with 2x372 pdr "üç kantar" monster guns firing marble balls)
Ifrit Başlı (The Demon) 62
Küçük Gül Başlı (The Little Rose) 60
Çifte Teber Kıçlı (Two Halberds) 58
Yıldız Bagçeli (The Star Garden) 58
Zülfikâr Kıçlı (The Two Pointed Sword) 56
Akçaşehir (Town of Akçaşehir) 56 guns
Servi Bagçeli (The Cypress Garden) 54
Ay Bagçeli (The Moon Garden) 54
Yeşil Kuşaklı (Green Belted) 54
Sarı Kuşaklı (Yellow Belted) 54
Kırmızı Kuşaklı (Red Belted) 52
Al At Başlı (The Red Horse) 52
Yaldızlı Nar Kıçlı (The Gilded Pomegranate) 52

Caravellas

Mavi Arslan Başlı (The Blue Lion) 44
Siyah Arslan Başlı (The Black Lion) 44
Taç Başlı (The Crown) 44
Güneş Kıçlı (The Sun) 44
Kuş Bagçeli Karavele (The Bird Garden Caravella) 44
Yıldız Kıçlı (The Star) 40
Mavi Kıçlı Karavele (The Blue Caravella) 38
[2]

References

  1. ^ Ercole (2011), pp. 226–245
  2. ^ Yusuf Alperen Aydın, "Sultan'ın Kalyonları", Istanbul, 2011

Sources

  • História da Marinha de Portugal, Editora das Forças Armadas
  • Anderson, R. C. (1952). Naval Wars in the Levant 1559–1853. Princeton: Princeton University Press. OCLC 1015099422.
  • Lane, Frederic Chapin (1973). Venice, a Maritime Republic. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-1460-0.
  • Ercole, Guido (2011). Vascelli e fregate della Serenissima. Trento: GMT. ISBN 978-8890565144.

January 29, 2023
battle, matapan, second, world, battle, battle, cape, matapan, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news,. For the Second World War battle see Battle of Cape Matapan This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Battle of Matapan news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Battle of Matapan took place on 19 July 1717 off the Cape Matapan on the coast of the Mani Peninsula now in southern Greece The naval battle was between the Armada Grossa of the Republic of Venice supported by a mixed squadron of allied ships from Portugal the Papal States and Malta and the Ottoman fleet under Kapudan Pasha Egribozlu Ibrahim Pasha Battle of MatapanPart of the Ottoman Venetian War of 1714 18D Joao V e a Batalha do Cabo Matapao 1717 Domenico DupraDate19 July 1717LocationOff Cape Matapan Mediterranean SeaResultIndecisiveBelligerentsOttoman Empire Venice Portugal Malta Papal StatesCommanders and leadersIbrahim PashaMarcantonio Diedo Lopo Furtado pt Strength34 ships 24 galleys 1 frigate22 ships 21 frigates 9 galleysCasualties and losses580 killed and wounded 2 ships of the line sunkSources differ Contents 1 Prelude 2 The battle 3 Aftermath 4 Ships involved 4 1 Venice and allies 4 1 1 Galleys 4 2 Ottomans 4 3 Ships of the Line 4 4 Caravellas 5 References 6 SourcesPrelude EditThe 24 Venetian sailing ships under Marcantonio Diedo commander of the Venetian fleet met up with another Venetian squadron of 24 galleys under the Capitano generale da Mar Andrea Pisani and a small squadron of 9 mixed Portuguese Maltese ships under the Maltese knight Bellefontaine near Cape Matapan on 2 July After trying separately to win the wind gauge and running out of water supply the Allied force went to Marathonisi near the top of the Gulf of Matapan to resupply They had tried to reach Sapientza but winds were against them and they took the risk of being caught in the gulf The battle EditThe Ottoman fleet with 30 sailing ships and 4 galleys was seen to the south on the west side of the bay entrance on 19 July With a light wind from the SSE this meant that they had the advantage Diedo unable to sail to the west of the Ottoman fleet decided to sail slowly east across the bay The Allied fleet was organized into four divisions the Capitano delle Navi Diedo was in the Van followed by the Center led by his second in command Correr The 3rd or Rear Division was commanded by Dolfin The 4th or Allied Division was commanded by Belle Fontaine Ibrahim with 6 ships attacked the Rear Division at about 6am while the rest of his fleet went ahead and attacked the Van and Center At about 12pm the fleets were approaching the east side of the bay and shortly after the leading ships turned the wind turned from the SE putting the leading Venetian ships to windward of some of the Ottoman fleet for the first time Taking advantage of this Diedo attacked them and the tough battle continued At about 3pm the Ottoman fleet retired sailing for the Cervi Cerigo passage while the Allies sailed for Cape Matapan Neither side wished to continue the fight Aftermath EditAs a result of the battle the Venetian attempt to recapture the Morea was foiled and the Ottoman reconquest of the peninsula was confirmed Each Allied state gave their own ships complete credit for any achievements Some of these accounts are almost totally unreliable due to a variety of reasons for example their inclusion of forces which were not actually present for the battle Ships involved EditVenice and allies Edit 1 Blue Division Vanguard Madonna dell Arsenal Madonna of the Arsenal 68 guns Costanza 70 guns Trionfo Triumph 70 guns flagship of Admiral Diedo Leon Trionfante 80 guns San Francesco da Paola 54 guns Aquila Valiera Valieran Eagle 70 guns Fenice Phoenyx 60 guns Sant Andrea 60 guns Gloria Veneta Venetian Glory 68 guns Yellow Division Center Corona Crown 74 guns Madonna della Salute Madonna of Health 70 guns flagship of Almirante Ludovico Diedo Terror 70 guns San Pio V Saint Pius V 70 guns San Pietro Apostolo bought in Livorno 50 guns Aquila Volante Flying Eagle 52 guns also reported as Aquiletta Fede Guerriera Warrior Faith 60 guns Nettuno Neptune 52 guns Sacra Lega Holy League 50 guns Red Division Rear San Gaetano 70 guns Fortuna Guerriera Warrior Fortune 68 guns Venezia Trionfante Triumphant Venice 52 guns San Lorenzo Zustinian II 70 guns Grand Alessandro Big Alexander 70 guns flagship of Almirante Dolfin Colomba d Oro Golden Dove 70 guns also reported as Colomba Rosa Rose 60 guns also reported as Rosa Moceniga Valor Coronato Crowned valour 52 guns Sao Lourenco 58 guns Portuguese Allied Division Admiral Lopo Furtado de Mendonca commander of the Nossa Senhora da Conceicao San Raimondo 46 guns Maltese Fortuna Guerriera 70 guns Venetian Rainha dos Anjos 56 guns Portuguese Nossa Senhora das Necessidades 66 guns Portuguese Santa Catarina 56 guns Chevalier de Bellefontaine Maltese Nossa Senhora do Pilar 84 guns Portuguese Santa Rosa 66 guns Portuguese Nossa Senhora da Conceicao 80 guns General Admiral Lopo Furtado de Mendoca Portuguese Nossa Senhora da Assuncao 66 guns Portuguese Auxiliaries Captain Trivisan fireship Scuttled Madonna del Rosario hospital ship SunkGalleys Edit 13 Venetian 5 Maltese 4 Papal 2 Tuscan Ottomans Edit Ships of the Line Edit Kebir Uc Ambarli The Great Three Decker 114 Flagship of Ibrahim Pasha Ejder Basli The Dragon 70Cifte Ceylan Kicli The Two Gazelles 70Yaldizli Hurma The Gilded Date 70Sadirvan Kicli The Sprinkling Fountain 66Siyah At Basli The Black Horse 66Beyaz At Basli The White Horse 66Kula At Basli The Grey Horse 66Buyuk Gul Basli The Great Rose 66Yilan Basli The Snake 34 unique ship with 2x372 pdr uc kantar monster guns firing marble balls Ifrit Basli The Demon 62Kucuk Gul Basli The Little Rose 60Cifte Teber Kicli Two Halberds 58Yildiz Bagceli The Star Garden 58Zulfikar Kicli The Two Pointed Sword 56Akcasehir Town of Akcasehir 56 gunsServi Bagceli The Cypress Garden 54Ay Bagceli The Moon Garden 54Yesil Kusakli Green Belted 54Sari Kusakli Yellow Belted 54Kirmizi Kusakli Red Belted 52Al At Basli The Red Horse 52Yaldizli Nar Kicli The Gilded Pomegranate 52 Caravellas Edit Mavi Arslan Basli The Blue Lion 44Siyah Arslan Basli The Black Lion 44Tac Basli The Crown 44Gunes Kicli The Sun 44Kus Bagceli Karavele The Bird Garden Caravella 44Yildiz Kicli The Star 40Mavi Kicli Karavele The Blue Caravella 38 2 References Edit Ercole 2011 pp 226 245 Yusuf Alperen Aydin Sultan in Kalyonlari Istanbul 2011Sources EditHistoria da Marinha de Portugal Editora das Forcas Armadas Anderson R C 1952 Naval Wars in the Levant 1559 1853 Princeton Princeton University Press OCLC 1015099422 Lane Frederic Chapin 1973 Venice a Maritime Republic JHU Press ISBN 978 0 8018 1460 0 Ercole Guido 2011 Vascelli e fregate della Serenissima Trento GMT ISBN 978 8890565144 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle of Matapan amp oldid 1136125139, 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