The Battle of Kardia was a naval battle fought in c. 872/3 between the fleets of the Byzantine Empire and the Cretan Saracens off Kardia, in the Gulf of Saros. The battle was a major Byzantine victory.
over 50 vessels (27 koumbaria, many lighter galleys)
Casualties and losses
Unknown
20 vessels
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Location within Western Turkey
Show map of Western Turkey
Battle of Kardia (Balkans)
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According to the 10th-century chronicler Theophanes Continuatus—whose work was later reused almost without change by the 11th-century historian John Skylitzes[1]—in the early years of the reign of the Emperor Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867–886), the Arab emir of Crete, Shu'ayb ("Saet" in Greek), son of the founder of the emirate, Abu Hafs, sent a Greek renegade called Photios, "a warlike and energetic fellow", on a major raiding expedition against the Byzantine Empire. The fleet led by Photios comprised over 50 vessels, including 27 heavy vessels (koumbaria) and many lighter galleys.[2][3]
This fleet plundered the shores of the Aegean Sea, looting and taking prisoners to be sold as slaves, and even penetrated into the Propontis and reached Prokonnesos, in the vicinity of Constantinople;[4] the first time since the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople in 717–718 that a Muslim fleet had come so close to the Byzantine capital.[5] The Byzantine response was headed by the droungarios of the Fleet, Niketas Ooryphas, who met the Saracen fleet in battle off Kardia, in the Gulf of Saros. The battle was a major victory for the Byzantines, who destroyed twenty Saracen vessels through the use of Greek fire, and forced the rest to flee back to Crete.[3][4]
Some time after this defeat, Photios led another raid against Greece, but Ooryphas once again caught up with him and destroyed his fleet, killing Photios.[3][6] The dating of these events is unclear; Ekkehard Eickhoff [de] (Seekrieg und Seepolitik zwischen Islam und Abendland, 1966) and Dimitris Tsoungarakis (Byzantine Crete: From the 5th Century to the Venetian Conquest, 1988) place the battle at Kardia in 872,[3] while Warren Treadgold (A History of the Byzantine State and Society) and John Pryor and Elizabeth Jeffreys (The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204) place it in c. 873.[7][8]
Lilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013). Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt (in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006). The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204. Leiden and Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN978-90-04-15197-0.
Wortley, John, ed. (2010). John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-76705-7.
December 15, 2023
battle, kardia, naval, battle, fought, between, fleets, byzantine, empire, cretan, saracens, kardia, gulf, saros, battle, major, byzantine, victory, part, arab, byzantine, warsmap, arab, byzantine, naval, conflict, mediterranean, 11th, centuriesdatec, 3locatio. The Battle of Kardia was a naval battle fought in c 872 3 between the fleets of the Byzantine Empire and the Cretan Saracens off Kardia in the Gulf of Saros The battle was a major Byzantine victory Battle of KardiaPart of the Arab Byzantine warsMap of the Arab Byzantine naval conflict in the Mediterranean 7th 11th centuriesDatec 872 3Locationoff Kardia in the Gulf of Saros modern day Turkey 40 33 N 26 45 E 40 55 N 26 75 E 40 55 26 75ResultByzantine victoryBelligerentsByzantine EmpireEmirate of CreteCommanders and leadersNiketas OoryphasPhotiosStrengthUnknownover 50 vessels 27 koumbaria many lighter galleys Casualties and lossesUnknown20 vesselsclass notpageimage Location within Western TurkeyShow map of Western TurkeyBattle of Kardia Balkans Show map of Balkans According to the 10th century chronicler Theophanes Continuatus whose work was later reused almost without change by the 11th century historian John Skylitzes 1 in the early years of the reign of the Emperor Basil I the Macedonian r 867 886 the Arab emir of Crete Shu ayb Saet in Greek son of the founder of the emirate Abu Hafs sent a Greek renegade called Photios a warlike and energetic fellow on a major raiding expedition against the Byzantine Empire The fleet led by Photios comprised over 50 vessels including 27 heavy vessels koumbaria and many lighter galleys 2 3 This fleet plundered the shores of the Aegean Sea looting and taking prisoners to be sold as slaves and even penetrated into the Propontis and reached Prokonnesos in the vicinity of Constantinople 4 the first time since the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople in 717 718 that a Muslim fleet had come so close to the Byzantine capital 5 The Byzantine response was headed by the droungarios of the Fleet Niketas Ooryphas who met the Saracen fleet in battle off Kardia in the Gulf of Saros The battle was a major victory for the Byzantines who destroyed twenty Saracen vessels through the use of Greek fire and forced the rest to flee back to Crete 3 4 Some time after this defeat Photios led another raid against Greece but Ooryphas once again caught up with him and destroyed his fleet killing Photios 3 6 The dating of these events is unclear Ekkehard Eickhoff de Seekrieg und Seepolitik zwischen Islam und Abendland 1966 and Dimitris Tsoungarakis Byzantine Crete From the 5th Century to the Venetian Conquest 1988 place the battle at Kardia in 872 3 while Warren Treadgold A History of the Byzantine State and Society and John Pryor and Elizabeth Jeffreys The Age of the DROMWN The Byzantine Navy ca 500 1204 place it in c 873 7 8 References edit Wortley 2010 p xix Wortley 2010 p 147 a b c d PmbZ Photios 26671 a b Wortley 2010 pp 147 148 Canard 1971 p 1083 Wortley 2010 p 148 Treadgold 1997 p 458 Pryor amp Jeffreys 2006 p 61 Sources editCanard M 1971 Iḳriṭis h In Lewis B Menage V L Pellat Ch amp Schacht J eds Encyclopaedia of Islam Volume III H Iram 2nd ed Leiden E J Brill pp 1082 1086 OCLC 495469525 Lilie Ralph Johannes Ludwig Claudia Pratsch Thomas Zielke Beate 2013 Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online Berlin Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften Nach Vorarbeiten F Winkelmanns erstellt in German Berlin and Boston De Gruyter Pryor John H Jeffreys Elizabeth M 2006 The Age of the DROMWN The Byzantine Navy ca 500 1204 Leiden and Boston Brill Academic Publishers ISBN 978 90 04 15197 0 Treadgold Warren 1997 A History of the Byzantine State and Society Stanford California Stanford University Press ISBN 0 8047 2630 2 Wortley John ed 2010 John Skylitzes A Synopsis of Byzantine History 811 1057 Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 76705 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle of Kardia amp oldid 1122391683, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
