The Battle of Grahovac took place in the eponymous village of Grahovac from 11 to 13 May 1858, when the Montenegrin Grand Duke Mirko Petrović-Njegoš led the army of Principality of Montenegro against the Ottomans, ending in a decisive Montenegrin victory. After the victory, the demarcation of the border between Montenegro and the Ottoman Bosnia Eyalet was finalised.[6] A considerable arsenal of war trophies was captured following the retreat of the Ottoman army.
On 10 May 1858, the Ottoman commander Hussein Pasha captured the villages of Vilusi and Grahovo and continued his advance towards Grahovac, a small village located on a plateau elevated slightly above the captured area. The core of Montenegrin resistance was in Grahovac, which was the main bastion of Montenegrin defence according to military plans.
Battleedit
The fighting itself started on May 11, early in the morning. The Ottomans attacked Grahovac while Montenegrins were stubbornly defending, determined not to retreat at any cost. Most of 3,000 Ottoman and 1,000 Montenegrin casualties were made on that day. On May 12, Hussein Pasha offered a truce to Montenegrin commander-in-chief Grand Duke Mirko Petrović-Njegoš, but he refused it, although he did allow the Ottomans time to bury their dead. He also refused to send men to disrupt the Ottomans supply of water. Although this would have given him a tactical advantage, he considered it a dishonourable move.
On May 13, the decisive battle started as the Ottomans got military support from Bosnia. But this time, the Montenegrins took charge and attacked the Ottomans, forcing them into successive retreats. The biggest problem for the Montenegrins was a well-armed Ottoman artillery, which was constantly bombarding their positions with cannons. Eventually, the Montenegrins decided to charge across the battlefield and take over the cannons. After they saw two of the commanders, the Serdar (Count) Đuro Kusovac and the priest Luka Jovović, being killed while charging, the rest of the Montenegrin troops, including the guardsmen, began a rapid advance with a shout: "Forward, to avenge our commanders". The offensive was successful, and by capturing Ottoman cannons, the Montenegrins had officially won the battle.
Aftermathedit
This major victory had had even more diplomatic significance.[7] The glory of Montenegrin weapons was soon immortalised in the songs and literature of all the South Slavs, in particular the Serbs in Vojvodina, then part of Austria-Hungary. This Montenegrin victory forced the Great Powers to officially demarcate the borders between Montenegro and Ottoman Empire, de facto recognizing Montenegro's centuries-long independence. Montenegro gained Grahovo, Rudine, Nikšići, more than half of Drobnjaci, Tušina, Uskoci, Lipovo, Upper Vasojevići, and part of Kuči and Dodoši.[citation needed]
Prince Danilo granted all of the battle survivors the "Grahovo medal", and Mirko Petrović-Njegoš was proclaimed "Grand Duke of Grahovo". In 1864 King Nicholas I built the Church of the Ascension on the site of Hussein Pasha's headquarters,[5] and in 2008, the Montenegrin government revealed an obelisk which honours the battle and its participants. Both on the church and the obelisk read the famous quotation from Petar II Petrović-Njegoš's The Mountain Wreath: The monument to your bravery is Montenegro and its freedom.
Galleryedit
Flag used by the Montenegrin army in the Battle of Grahovac
A rail guard of the Vlach Church in Cetinje was built of captured Ottoman rifle barrels in the Battle of Grahovac
Veterans of the Battle of Grahovac photographed at the celebration of its 50th anniversary (1908)
Banović, Branko (2016). The Montenegrin warrior tradition. Questions and Controversies over NATO membership. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-1-349-57657-9.
Pavićević, Branko (1990). Danilo I Petrović Njegoš, knjaz crnogorski i brdski, 1851-1860 [Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš, the prince of Montenegro and the Highlands]. Književne novine. ISBN9788649503434.
Pavićević, Branko (2007). Sazdanje crnogorske nacionalne države: 1796-1878 [The Creation of Montenegrin nation state: 1796-1878]. CID. ISBN9788639102029.
Batrićević, Đuro (2010). Obavještajna služba u Grahovačkoj bici [Intelligence in the Battle of Grahovac]. Montenegrina.
Roberts, Elizabeth (2007). Realm of the Black Mountain. Hurst. ISBN978-1850658689.
battle, grahovac, confused, with, battle, grahovo, this, article, contains, close, paraphrasing, free, copyrighted, sources, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, help, rewriting, with, your, words, june, 2020, learn, when, remove, this, template, m. Not to be confused with Battle of Grahovo This article contains close paraphrasing of non free copyrighted sources Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help rewriting it with your own words June 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Battle of Grahovac took place in the eponymous village of Grahovac from 11 to 13 May 1858 when the Montenegrin Grand Duke Mirko Petrovic Njegos led the army of Principality of Montenegro against the Ottomans ending in a decisive Montenegrin victory After the victory the demarcation of the border between Montenegro and the Ottoman Bosnia Eyalet was finalised 6 A considerable arsenal of war trophies was captured following the retreat of the Ottoman army Battle of GrahovacDate11 13 May 1858LocationGrahovac MontenegroResultMontenegrin victory 1 2 Belligerents Montenegro Ottoman EmpireCommanders and leadersMirko Petrovic NjegosHuseyin Avni Pasha Kadri Pasha 3 Strength4 000 4 7 000 13 000 4 5 Casualties and losses1 000 6 5 000 6 Contents 1 Background 2 Battle 3 Aftermath 4 Gallery 5 References 6 SourcesBackground editOn 10 May 1858 the Ottoman commander Hussein Pasha captured the villages of Vilusi and Grahovo and continued his advance towards Grahovac a small village located on a plateau elevated slightly above the captured area The core of Montenegrin resistance was in Grahovac which was the main bastion of Montenegrin defence according to military plans Battle editThe fighting itself started on May 11 early in the morning The Ottomans attacked Grahovac while Montenegrins were stubbornly defending determined not to retreat at any cost Most of 3 000 Ottoman and 1 000 Montenegrin casualties were made on that day On May 12 Hussein Pasha offered a truce to Montenegrin commander in chief Grand Duke Mirko Petrovic Njegos but he refused it although he did allow the Ottomans time to bury their dead He also refused to send men to disrupt the Ottomans supply of water Although this would have given him a tactical advantage he considered it a dishonourable move On May 13 the decisive battle started as the Ottomans got military support from Bosnia But this time the Montenegrins took charge and attacked the Ottomans forcing them into successive retreats The biggest problem for the Montenegrins was a well armed Ottoman artillery which was constantly bombarding their positions with cannons Eventually the Montenegrins decided to charge across the battlefield and take over the cannons After they saw two of the commanders the Serdar Count Đuro Kusovac and the priest Luka Jovovic being killed while charging the rest of the Montenegrin troops including the guardsmen began a rapid advance with a shout Forward to avenge our commanders The offensive was successful and by capturing Ottoman cannons the Montenegrins had officially won the battle Aftermath editThis major victory had had even more diplomatic significance 7 The glory of Montenegrin weapons was soon immortalised in the songs and literature of all the South Slavs in particular the Serbs in Vojvodina then part of Austria Hungary This Montenegrin victory forced the Great Powers to officially demarcate the borders between Montenegro and Ottoman Empire de facto recognizing Montenegro s centuries long independence Montenegro gained Grahovo Rudine Niksici more than half of Drobnjaci Tusina Uskoci Lipovo Upper Vasojevici and part of Kuci and Dodosi citation needed Prince Danilo granted all of the battle survivors the Grahovo medal and Mirko Petrovic Njegos was proclaimed Grand Duke of Grahovo In 1864 King Nicholas I built the Church of the Ascension on the site of Hussein Pasha s headquarters 5 and in 2008 the Montenegrin government revealed an obelisk which honours the battle and its participants Both on the church and the obelisk read the famous quotation from Petar II Petrovic Njegos s The Mountain Wreath The monument to your bravery is Montenegro and its freedom Gallery edit nbsp Flag used by the Montenegrin army in the Battle of Grahovac nbsp A rail guard of the Vlach Church in Cetinje was built of captured Ottoman rifle barrels in the Battle of Grahovac nbsp Veterans of the Battle of Grahovac photographed at the celebration of its 50th anniversary 1908 References edit Roberts 2007 p 18 Banovic 2016 p 87 Klanica Na Grahovcu 13 May 2016 a b Batricevic 2010 a b Pavicevic 1990 a b c Pavicevic 2007 Roberts 2007 p 240 Sources editBanovic Branko 2016 The Montenegrin warrior tradition Questions and Controversies over NATO membership New York Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 1 349 57657 9 Pavicevic Branko 1990 Danilo I Petrovic Njegos knjaz crnogorski i brdski 1851 1860 Danilo I Petrovic Njegos the prince of Montenegro and the Highlands Knjizevne novine ISBN 9788649503434 Pavicevic Branko 2007 Sazdanje crnogorske nacionalne drzave 1796 1878 The Creation of Montenegrin nation state 1796 1878 CID ISBN 9788639102029 Batricevic Đuro 2010 Obavjestajna sluzba u Grahovackoj bici Intelligence in the Battle of Grahovac Montenegrina Roberts Elizabeth 2007 Realm of the Black Mountain Hurst ISBN 978 1850658689 42 41 16 N 18 36 41 E 42 6878 N 18 6114 E 42 6878 18 6114 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle of Grahovac amp oldid 1158915469, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,