The Battle of Baideng (白登之戰) was a military conflict between Han China and the Xiongnu in 200 BC. Han Dynasty of China invaded the territory of the Xiongnu in 200 BC attempting to subjugate them. However the Xiongnu united their forces under Modu Chanyu and surrounded the Han emperor Gaozu in Baideng. The siege was only relieved after seven days when the Han royal court, under Chen Ping's suggestion, sent spies to bribe Modu's wife.
Battle of Baideng
Date
200 BC
Location
Mount Baideng at Pincheng (present-day Datong, Shanxi)
In an alternate account, Grousset[3] says that the Xiongnu invaded Chinese Shanxi and besieged Taiyuan. Gaozu broke the siege and chased the Xiongnu north, but was blockaded by them on the Baideng plateau near Datong in far northern Shanxi.
After the defeat at Baideng, the Han emperor abandoned a military solution to the Xiongnu threat. Instead, in 198 BC, the courtier Liu Jing (劉敬) was dispatched for negotiations. The peace settlement eventually reached between the parties included a so called Han "princess" given in marriage to the chanyu (called heqin 和親); periodic tribute of silk, liquor and rice to the Xiongnu; equal status between the states; and the Great Wall as mutual border. This treaty set the pattern for relations between the Han and the Xiongnu for some sixty years, until the Emperor Wu of Han decided to revive the policy to wage war against Xiongnu. The Han dynasty sent random unrelated commoner women falsely labeled as "princesses" and members of the Han imperial family multiple times when they were practicing Heqin marriage alliances with the Xiongnu in order to avoid sending the emperor's daughters.[4][5][6][7][8]
^ abChang, Chun-shu (2007). The Rise of the Chinese Empire, Volume 1: Nation, State, and Imperialism in Early China, ca. 1600 B.C. - A.D. 8. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 158. ISBN978-0-472-11533-4.
^Rene Grousset, 'The Empire of the Steppes',1970/2008,page27,
^Lo, Ping-cheung (2015). "11 Legalism and offensive realism in the Chinese court debate on defending national security 81 BCE". In Lo, Ping-cheung; Twiss, Sumner B (eds.). Chinese Just War Ethics: Origin, Development, and Dissent. War, Conflict and Ethics (illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 269. ISBN978-1317580973. There were altogether nine marriages of Han princesses (fake or real) to the Xiongnu during these roughly 60 years (for a complete list of details, see Cui 2007a, 555). We will call this policy Heqin Model One, and, as Ying-shih Yu ...
^Qian, Sima (2019). Historical Records 史记: The First and Most Important Biographical General History Book in China. DeepLogic. Liu Jing said: "The Han dynasty was just calm, the soldiers were exhausted by the fire, and the Xiongnu could not be ... If the majesty could not send a big princess, let the royal woman or the fake princess, he I will know that I will ...
^Chin, Tamara T. (2020). Savage Exchange: Han Imperialism, Chinese Literary Style, and the Economic Imagination. Harvard University Studies in East Asian Law. BRILL. p. 225. ISBN978-1684170784. In the Han- Wusun alliance (unlike the Han- Xiongnu heqin agreements) the gifts flowed in the proper direction, ... Thus, while Empress Lü transgressed the heqin marriage in having a false princess sent, Liu Jing's original proposal ...
^Chin, Tamara Ta Lun (2005). Savage Exchange: Figuring the Foreign in the Early Han Dynasty. University of California, Berkeley. p. 66, 73, 74. Figuring the Foreign in the Early Han Dynasty Tamara Ta Lun Chin ... Emperor Han Wudi's military push to reverse the power relations between Xiongnu and Han stands in stark contrast to the original ... Xiongnu with a false princess .
^Mosol, Lee (2013). Ancient History of the Manchuria. X libris Corporation. p. 77. ISBN978-1483667676. ... 孝文皇帝 sent a girl as a new wife for the Chanyu as a 'fake princess of Royal family' with a eunuch named '中行 ... The Han lured the Xiongnu chief deep into the China proper town called "馬邑," but Gunchen Chanyu realized the trap ...
Further reading
Yap, Joseph P. pp 71–76. "Wars With The Xiongnu, A Translation From Zizhi tongjian" AuthorHouse (2009) ISBN978-1-4490-0604-4
January 30, 2023
battle, baideng, 白登之戰, military, conflict, between, china, xiongnu, dynasty, china, invaded, territory, xiongnu, attempting, subjugate, them, however, xiongnu, united, their, forces, under, modu, chanyu, surrounded, emperor, gaozu, baideng, siege, only, reliev. The Battle of Baideng 白登之戰 was a military conflict between Han China and the Xiongnu in 200 BC Han Dynasty of China invaded the territory of the Xiongnu in 200 BC attempting to subjugate them However the Xiongnu united their forces under Modu Chanyu and surrounded the Han emperor Gaozu in Baideng The siege was only relieved after seven days when the Han royal court under Chen Ping s suggestion sent spies to bribe Modu s wife Battle of BaidengDate200 BCLocationMount Baideng at Pincheng present day Datong Shanxi ResultXiongnu victoryBelligerentsXiongnuHan dynastyCommanders and leadersModu ChanyuEmperor GaozuStrength30 000 40 000 1 2 320 000 2 In an alternate account Grousset 3 says that the Xiongnu invaded Chinese Shanxi and besieged Taiyuan Gaozu broke the siege and chased the Xiongnu north but was blockaded by them on the Baideng plateau near Datong in far northern Shanxi Contents 1 Aftermath 2 See also 3 References 4 Further readingAftermath EditAfter the defeat at Baideng the Han emperor abandoned a military solution to the Xiongnu threat Instead in 198 BC the courtier Liu Jing 劉敬 was dispatched for negotiations The peace settlement eventually reached between the parties included a so called Han princess given in marriage to the chanyu called heqin 和親 periodic tribute of silk liquor and rice to the Xiongnu equal status between the states and the Great Wall as mutual border This treaty set the pattern for relations between the Han and the Xiongnu for some sixty years until the Emperor Wu of Han decided to revive the policy to wage war against Xiongnu The Han dynasty sent random unrelated commoner women falsely labeled as princesses and members of the Han imperial family multiple times when they were practicing Heqin marriage alliances with the Xiongnu in order to avoid sending the emperor s daughters 4 5 6 7 8 See also EditHan Xiongnu warsReferences Edit Gumilyov Lev 1960 Hunnu a b Chang Chun shu 2007 The Rise of the Chinese Empire Volume 1 Nation State and Imperialism in Early China ca 1600 B C A D 8 Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press p 158 ISBN 978 0 472 11533 4 Rene Grousset The Empire of the Steppes 1970 2008 page27 Lo Ping cheung 2015 11 Legalism and offensive realism in the Chinese court debate on defending national security 81 BCE In Lo Ping cheung Twiss Sumner B eds Chinese Just War Ethics Origin Development and Dissent War Conflict and Ethics illustrated ed Routledge p 269 ISBN 978 1317580973 There were altogether nine marriages of Han princesses fake or real to the Xiongnu during these roughly 60 years for a complete list of details see Cui 2007a 555 We will call this policy Heqin Model One and as Ying shih Yu Qian Sima 2019 Historical Records 史记 The First and Most Important Biographical General History Book in China DeepLogic Liu Jing said The Han dynasty was just calm the soldiers were exhausted by the fire and the Xiongnu could not be If the majesty could not send a big princess let the royal woman or the fake princess he I will know that I will Chin Tamara T 2020 Savage Exchange Han Imperialism Chinese Literary Style and the Economic Imagination Harvard University Studies in East Asian Law BRILL p 225 ISBN 978 1684170784 In the Han Wusun alliance unlike the Han Xiongnu heqin agreements the gifts flowed in the proper direction Thus while Empress Lu transgressed the heqin marriage in having a false princess sent Liu Jing s original proposal Chin Tamara Ta Lun 2005 Savage Exchange Figuring the Foreign in the Early Han Dynasty University of California Berkeley p 66 73 74 Figuring the Foreign in the Early Han Dynasty Tamara Ta Lun Chin Emperor Han Wudi s military push to reverse the power relations between Xiongnu and Han stands in stark contrast to the original Xiongnu with a false princess Mosol Lee 2013 Ancient History of the Manchuria X libris Corporation p 77 ISBN 978 1483667676 孝文皇帝 sent a girl as a new wife for the Chanyu as a fake princess of Royal family with a eunuch named 中行 The Han lured the Xiongnu chief deep into the China proper town called 馬邑 but Gunchen Chanyu realized the trap Further reading EditYap Joseph P pp 71 76 Wars With The Xiongnu A Translation From Zizhi tongjian AuthorHouse 2009 ISBN 978 1 4490 0604 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle of Baideng amp oldid 1134647665, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
