The Basra Vilayet (Arabic: ولاية البصرة, Ottoman Turkish: ولايت بصره, romanized: Vilâyet-i Basra) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. It historically covered an area stretching from Nasiriyah and Amarah in the north to Kuwait in the south.[1] To the south and the west, there was theoretically no border at all, yet no areas beyond Qatar in the south and the Najd Sanjak in the west were later on included in the administrative system.[3]
At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 16,482 square miles (42,690 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 200,000.[2] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.[2]
The capital of the vilayet, Basra, was an important military centre, with a permanent garrison of 400 to 500 men, and was home to the Ottoman Navy in the Persian Gulf.[1]
It was a vilayet from 1875 to 1880,[1] and again after 1884, when it was recreated from the southern sanjaks of the Baghdad Vilayet.[4]
After 1884, the vilayet was briefly expanded down the littoral of the Gulf to incorporate Najd and al-Hasa, including Hofuf, Qatar, and Qatif, the incorporation of Najd only lasted until 1913[5] before the end of the Basra Vilayet.[6]
In 1899, Shaikh Mubarak concluded a treaty with Britain, stipulating that Britain would protect Kuwait against any external aggression, de facto turning it into a British protectorate.[7] Despite the Kuwaiti government's desire to either be independent or under British rule, the British concurred with the Ottoman Empire in defining Kuwait as an autonomous caza of the Ottoman Empire. This would last until World War I.
Basra fell to the British on 22 November 1914, and the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force had occupied almost the whole of the vilayet by July 1915.[8]
Administrative divisions
A map showing the administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire in 1317 Hijri, 1899 Gregorian, Including the Vilayet of Basra and it's s anjaks
^ abcdReidar Visser (2005). Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism And Nationalism in Southern Iraq. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 19. ISBN978-3-8258-8799-5. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
^Reidar Visser (2005). Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism And Nationalism in Southern Iraq. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 18, 179. ISBN978-3-8258-8799-5. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bagdad" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 193–194.
^ abMadawi al-Rasheed (2002-07-11). A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 41–42. ISBN978-0-521-64412-9. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
^David H. Finnie (1992). Shifting lines in the sand: Kuwait's elusive frontier with Iraq. I.B.Tauris. p. 7. ISBN978-1-85043-570-9. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
^Jasim M M Abdulghani (23 April 2012). Iraq and Iran (RLE Iran A). CRC Press. p. 108. ISBN978-1-136-83426-4. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
^John de Vere Loder Baron Wakehurst (1923). The Truth about Mesopotamia, Palestine & Syria. G. Allen & Unwin Limited. p. 35. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
^Nakash, Yitzhak (16 February 2003). The Shiʻis of Iraq: With a New Introduction by the Author. p. 13. ISBN0691115753.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Basra Vilayet.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Basra" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 489.
January 29, 2023
basra, vilayet, basra, vilayet, arabic, ولاية, البصرة, ottoman, turkish, ولايت, بصره, romanized, vilâyet, basra, first, level, administrative, division, vilayet, ottoman, empire, historically, covered, area, stretching, from, nasiriyah, amarah, north, kuwait, . The Basra Vilayet Arabic ولاية البصرة Ottoman Turkish ولايت بصره romanized Vilayet i Basra was a first level administrative division vilayet of the Ottoman Empire It historically covered an area stretching from Nasiriyah and Amarah in the north to Kuwait in the south 1 To the south and the west there was theoretically no border at all yet no areas beyond Qatar in the south and the Najd Sanjak in the west were later on included in the administrative system 3 Vilayet of BasraArabic ولاية البصرة Ottoman Turkish ولايت بصره Vilayet i Basra1875 18801884 1918Flag Coat of armsThe Basra Vilayet in 1900CapitalBasra 1 Governor 1875 1877Nasir Pasha 1916 1918Khalil PashaHistory Established1884 Armistice of Mudros1918Area1900 2 42 690 km2 16 480 sq mi Population 1900 2 500 000Preceded by Succeeded byBaghdad Vilayet Mandatory IraqToday part ofIraqKuwaitQatarSaudi ArabiaAt the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 16 482 square miles 42 690 km2 while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 published in 1908 gave the population as 200 000 2 The accuracy of the population figures ranges from approximate to merely conjectural depending on the region from which they were gathered 2 The capital of the vilayet Basra was an important military centre with a permanent garrison of 400 to 500 men and was home to the Ottoman Navy in the Persian Gulf 1 Contents 1 History 2 Administrative divisions 3 Governors 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory EditIt was a vilayet from 1875 to 1880 1 and again after 1884 when it was recreated from the southern sanjaks of the Baghdad Vilayet 4 After 1884 the vilayet was briefly expanded down the littoral of the Gulf to incorporate Najd and al Hasa including Hofuf Qatar and Qatif the incorporation of Najd only lasted until 1913 5 before the end of the Basra Vilayet 6 In 1899 Shaikh Mubarak concluded a treaty with Britain stipulating that Britain would protect Kuwait against any external aggression de facto turning it into a British protectorate 7 Despite the Kuwaiti government s desire to either be independent or under British rule the British concurred with the Ottoman Empire in defining Kuwait as an autonomous caza of the Ottoman Empire This would last until World War I Basra fell to the British on 22 November 1914 and the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force had occupied almost the whole of the vilayet by July 1915 8 Administrative divisions Edit A map showing the administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire in 1317 Hijri 1899 Gregorian Including the Vilayet of Basra and it s s anjaks Sanjaks of the vilayet 9 Amara Sanjak Basra Sanjak Diwanniyya Sanjak Muntafiq Sanjak Najd Sanjak from 1875 10 conquered by the Saudis in 1913 5 Arabia before World War I 1914Governors EditGovernors of the Basra Vilayet 11 Nasir Pasha 1875 1877 Vekili Ferik Mehmed Munir Pasha 1877 1879 Ferik Sabit Pasha 1879 1880 Mazhar Pasha 1880 1882 Yahya Pasha 1882 1884 Ali Riza Pasha 1884 1886 Izzet Pasha 1886 1888 Ferik Shaban Pasha 1888 Hidayat Pasha 1888 1891 Mehmed Hafiz Pasha 1891 1892 Bahriye Komutani Emin Pasha 1892 Ferik Mahmut Hamdi Pasha 1892 1893 Mehmed Hafiz Pasha 1893 Hamdi Pasha 1st time 1893 1896 Arif Pasha December 1896 February 1898 Mehmed Enis Pasha March 1898 April 1899 Hamdi Pasha 2nd time April 1899 January 1900 Mehmed Muhsin Pasha January 1900 September 1902 Mustafa Nuri Pasha September 1902 September 1906 Abdurrahman Hasan Bey September 1906 August 1908 Muharram Efendi August 1908 February 1908 Marchdine Mehmed Arif Bey February 1909 September 1909 Suleyman Nazif Bey September 1909 November 1910 Kavurzade Huseyin Celal Bey December 1910 July 1911 Bagdali Hasan Riza Pasha July 1911 December 1912 Malik Efendi December 1912 February 1913 Ali Riza Pasha Feb 1913 March 1913 Alaeddin Bey Altaz March 1913 July 1913 Izzet Pasha July 1913 December 1913 Soylemezoglu Suleyman Sefik Pasha December 1913 July 1914 Subhi Bey July 1914 November 1914 Suleyman Askari Pasha November 1914 1916 Khalil Pasha 1916 11 March 1917 See also EditAnglo Ottoman Convention of 1913References Edit a b c d Reidar Visser 2005 Basra the Failed Gulf State Separatism And Nationalism in Southern Iraq LIT Verlag Munster p 19 ISBN 978 3 8258 8799 5 Retrieved 8 June 2013 a b c Asia by A H Keane page 460 Reidar Visser 2005 Basra the Failed Gulf State Separatism And Nationalism in Southern Iraq LIT Verlag Munster pp 18 179 ISBN 978 3 8258 8799 5 Retrieved 2013 06 08 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Bagdad Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 193 194 a b Madawi al Rasheed 2002 07 11 A History of Saudi Arabia Cambridge University Press pp 41 42 ISBN 978 0 521 64412 9 Retrieved 2013 05 20 David H Finnie 1992 Shifting lines in the sand Kuwait s elusive frontier with Iraq I B Tauris p 7 ISBN 978 1 85043 570 9 Retrieved 2013 05 22 Jasim M M Abdulghani 23 April 2012 Iraq and Iran RLE Iran A CRC Press p 108 ISBN 978 1 136 83426 4 Retrieved 8 June 2013 John de Vere Loder Baron Wakehurst 1923 The Truth about Mesopotamia Palestine amp Syria G Allen amp Unwin Limited p 35 Retrieved 2013 06 08 Nakash Yitzhak 16 February 2003 The Shiʻis of Iraq With a New Introduction by the Author p 13 ISBN 0691115753 Worldstatesmen Saudi Arabia World Statesmen IraqExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Basra Vilayet Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Basra Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 489 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Basra vilayet amp oldid 1115817940, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
