Sant'Agostino, Rome
The Basilica of St. Augustine in Campo Marzio (Italian: Basilica di Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio; Latin: Basilica Sancti Augustini in Campo Martio), commonly known as Basilica of St. Augustine and Sant'Agostino, is a Roman Catholic titular minor basilica dedicated to Saint Augustine of Hippo. It is the mother church of the Order of Saint Augustine and it is located just northeast of the Piazza Navona in the rione of Sant'Eustachio in Rome, Italy.
| Basilica of St. Augustine | |
|---|---|
| Basilica of St. Augustine in Campo Marzio | |
Façade from the Piazza di Sant’Agostino | |
Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
| 41°54′3″N 12°28′27″E / 41.90083°N 12.47417°E | |
| Location | 80 Via della Scrofa (parish office), Rome |
| Country | Italy |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| Religious institute | Order of Saint Augustine |
| Website | www |
| History | |
| Status | Minor basilica |
| Founder(s) | Pope Boniface VIII Guillaume d'Estouteville |
| Dedication | Augustine of Hippo Tryphon |
| Cult(s) present | Saint Augustine Saint Monica Madonna del Parto |
| Relics held | Saint Monica Saint Tryphon |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Architect(s) | Giacomo di Pietrasanta Francesco Borromini Baccio Pontelli Luigi Vanvitelli Carlo Murena |
| Style | Roman renaissance |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Diocese of Rome |
| Clergy | |
| Cardinal protector | Jean-Pierre Ricard |
| Priest in charge | Felice Perrino |
First conceived in 1286, the current basilica (completed in 1483) is known for its Roman renaissance architecture style; housing artwork by Caravaggio, Raphael, and Guercino; and being the final burial place of Augustine's mother Saint Monica.
History
The primitive St. Tryphon in Posterula Church was built at this site in AD 700s & was dedicated to the martyr St. Tryphon of Campsada. The Order of St. Augustine of the Catholic Church was founded at the Santa Maria del Popolo Basilica in Rome in 1244. The Augustinian friars soon desired to have their main monastery and church closer to Vatican City.[1] The Roman nobleman Egidio Lufredi donated land near here in Campo Marzio to the Augustinian friars in 1286. On 20 February 1287 Pope Honorius IV granted the St. Tryphon in Posterula Church to the Augustinian friars.
The first basilica, commissioned by Pope Boniface VIII, was built here by the Augustinian friars in 1296-1446 right next to the St. Tryphon in Posterula Church. The construction of the second (current) basilica began in 1479. It was commissioned by Pope Sixtus IV; designed by architect Baccio Pontelli (who also designed the Sistine Chapel); and funded by Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville.[2] Its construction was completed in 1483. Giacomo di Pietrasanta (?-1495) built its façade by using travertine salvaged from the ruins of the Colosseum. Its façade reads: Guillermus de Estoutevilla, Episc[opus] Ostien[sis], Card[inalis] Rothomagen[sis], S[anctae] R[omanae] E[cclesiae], Camerarius, Fecit MCCCCLXXXIII = William d'Estouteville, Bishop of Ostia, Cardinal of Rouen of the Holy Roman Church, Camerlengo, Built This in 1483.
Its first restoration was completed in 1763 by Luigi Vanvitelli;[3] its second restoration was completed in 1870; and its most recent restoration occurred in 1998-2000.
The title of Sant'Agostino has been held by Cardinal Jean-Pierre Ricard since 2006. It is the station church of the first Saturday in Lent.
As of 2022, it is open to the public Monday-Saturday at 7:15 am - 12:00 pm and 4:00-7:30 pm. Tourists can not visit on Sundays when mass is held at 8:00 am, 10:00 am, 12:00 pm and 6:30 pm.
Artwork
The 1606 painting Madonna of Loreto (also known as the Madonna of the Pilgrims) by Caravaggio is located in the first chapel on the left.[4] The heirs of Ermete Cavalletti (?-1602) bought the Pieta Chapel on 4 September 1603 and soon commissioned Caravaggio to paint the Madonna for their family's chapel. It was hung in 1606 at the altar in the Cavalletti Chapel (former Pieta Chapel) in place of a Pieta that was sold to Pope Paul V (formerly Cardinal Camillo Borghese).
The 1512 fresco Prophet Isaiah by Raphael is located on the third pilaster of the left nave.[5] It was part of the funerary monument of Johannes Goritz (1455-1527; also known as Janus Corycius). Isaiah holds a Hebrew scroll stating: “Open the doors, so that the people who believe may enter.” (Isaiah 26:2–3) The statue Saint Anne and Virgin with Child (1512) by Andrea Sansovino is located below Raphael's Isaiah.
The 1521 sculpture Madonna del Parto (Our Lady of Childbirth) by Jacopo Sansovino is based, according to a legend, on an ancient statue of Agrippina holding Nero in her arms, is reputed by tradition to work miracles in childbirth. It is located in a niche to the right of the entrance and is surrounded by thank-offerings of flowers and candles.
The 1588 frescoes of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist by Avanzino Nucci are also here.
The 1616 ceiling fresco Assumption of Mary and three paintings by Giovanni Lanfranco are located in the Buongiovanni Chapel (in the left transept).
The 1600s painting Saints Augustine, John the Evangelist and Jerome by Guercino is also here.
The sculpture St. Thomas of Villanova Distributing Alms by Melchiorre Cafà and completed by his mentor Ercole Ferrata is located in the St. Thomas of Villanova Chapel (left end of transept). The etching Charity of St Thomas of Villanova by Cafà himself illustrates this same sculpture.[6]
The 1628 High Altar was designed by Orazio Turriani. It was previously (but erroneously) thought that Gian Lorenzo Bernini had designed it.
Its nave ceiling fresco was completed in 1868 by Pietro Gagliardi; who also made the 5 prophet pillar frescoes (including Ezekiel), 6 Old Testament women & 12 scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary.
Painting Madonna of Loreto (1606) by Caravaggio in the Cavalletti Chapel
Painting Madonna of Loreto (1606) by Caravaggio
Dome ceiling painting Jesus Christ & the Twelve Apostles
Nave ceiling fresco (1868) by Pietro Gagliardi
Pillar fresco Ezekiel (1860s) by Pietro Gagliardi
Pillar fresco Prophet Isaiah (1512) by Raphael and statue Saint Anne and Virgin with Child (1512) by Andrea Sansovino
Pillar fresco Prophet Isaiah (1512) by Raphael
High Altar (1628) by Orazio Turriani
Fresco John the Baptist (1588) by Avanzino Nucci
Fresco John the Evangelist (1588) by Avanzino Nucci
Statue Madonna del Parto (Our Lady of Childbirth) (1521) by Jacopo Sansovino
Statue St. Thomas of Villanova Distributing Alms (1600s) by Melchiorre Cafà
Painting Coronation of the Virgin with Saints Augustine and William (1619) by Giovanni Lanfranco
Tombs
St. Tryphon of Campsada died in AD 250 and is located under the High Altar.
Saint Monica died in 387. Her tomb was transferred here from the Santa Aurea Church in Ostia Antica, Italy on 11 April 1424. Her sarcophagus was designed by Isaia da Pisa (1410-1464) in 1455, and is now located in the Chapel of Saint Monica (left of the apse).
Norways's Archbishop Olav Trondsson died on 25 November 1474. His tombstone reads: "CVI DEDERAT SACRAM MERITO NORVEGIA SEDEM HIC TEGIT OLAVI FRIGIDVS OSSA LAPIS" (Here a cold stone covers the bones of Olav, to whom Norway rightly gave the holy chair).[7]
Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville died on 22 January 1483.
Cardinal Giuseppe Renato Imperiali died on 18 February 1737. Pietro Bracci designed and sculpted his polychrome tomb in 1741.[8]
The inscriptions found in the basilica have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.[9]
List of Cardinal-Protectors
Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590) established the titular church of a cardinal priest in April 1587.[citation needed]
- Gregorio Petrocchini, OESA, (23 March 1590–28 May 1608)
- Fabrizio Veralli, (10 December 1608–17 November 1624)
- Berlinghiero Gessi, (19 July 1627–6 April 1639)
- Ottaviano Raggi, (10 February 1642–31 December 1643)
- Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi, (24 April 1645–25 June 1646)
- Fabrizio Savelli, (16 December 1647–26 February 1659)
- Antonio Bichi, (1 December 1659–14 November 1667)
- Federico Borromeo (iuniore), (23 February 1671–8 August 1672)
- Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria, (22 September 1681–1 December 1681)
- Carlo Stefano Anastasio Ciceri, (7 July 1687–24 June 1694)
- Enrico Noris, OESA, (2 January 1696–23 February 1704)
- Carlo Agostino Fabroni, (25 June 1706–19 September 1727)
- Angelo Maria Quirini, OSB Cas., (22 December 1727–8 March 1728)
- Gregorio Selleri, OP, (10 May 1728–31 May 1729)
- Marco Antonio Ansidei, (6 July 1729–14 February 1730)
- Bartolomeó Massei, (8 January 1731–20 November 1746)
- Giorgío Doria, (15 December 1745–3 January 1757; 3 January 1757–31 January 1759)
- Gaetano Fantuzzi Gottifredi, (19 November 1759–6 April 1767)
- Mario Marefoschi Compagnoni, (12 December 1770–23 December 1780)
- Paolo Massei, (11 April 1785–9 June 1785)
- Diego Innico Caracciolo Di Martina, (20 October 1800–26 September 1814; 26 September 1814–24 January 1820)
- Cesare Brancadoro, (29 May 1820–12 September 1837)
- Friedrich Johannes Jacob Celestin von Schwarzenberg, (27 January 1842–27 March 1885)
- Antolín Monescillo y Viso, (10 June 1886–11 August 1897)
- Antonio María Cascajares y Azara, (24 March 1898–27 July 1901)
- Sebastiano Martinelli, OESA, (9 June 1902–4 July 1918)
- Aleksander Kakowski, (18 December 1919–30 December 1938)
- Agustín Parrado y García, (22 February 1946–8 October 1946)
- Fernando Quiroga y Palacios, (29 October 1953–7 December 1971)
- Marcelo González Martín, (5 March 1973–25 August 2004)
- Jean-Pierre Ricard, (24 March 2006– present)
See also
References
- ^ "Rome - Sant'Agostino Church". Augnet. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ S. Miranda, list of Cardinal Chamberlains of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved: 2016-03-21.
- ^ New Guide of Rome, Naples and Their Environs, By Mariano Vasi and Antonio Nibby, page 105.
- ^ John Varriano, Caravaggio: The Art of Realism (University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 2010), pp. 44-46. John T. Spike, Caravaggio: Catalogue of Paintings (New York-London: Abbeville Press, 2010), pp. 148-150.
- ^ Restored by Daniele da Volterra, as quoted in A Handbook of Rome (1871), page 128.
- ^ "Charity of St Thomas of Villanova". Europeana. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Fjellbu, A., et al. (eds.) (1955). Nidaros erkebispestol og bispesete 1153 - 1953. Oslo, Land og kirke. Forcella, p. 15, no. 31.
- ^ Forcella, p. 103, no. 307.
- ^ V. Forcella, Inscrizioni delle chiese e d' altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume V (Roma: Fratelli Bencini, 1875), pp. 1-112. [in Italian and Latin]
Bibliography
- P Antonino Ronci and D. Torre, S. Agostino in Campo Marzio, Roma (Roma: D. Torre, [1950?]).
External links
- Lucentini, M. (31 December 2012). The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City. ISBN 9781623710088.
Media related to Sant'Agostino (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons
| Preceded by Sant'Agnese fuori le mura | Landmarks of Rome Sant'Agostino | Succeeded by Sant'Anastasia al Palatino |