fbpx
Wikipedia

Bashkiriya National Park

February 16, 2024

Bashkiriya National Park (Russian: Национальный парк «Башкирия»; Bashkir: Башҡортостан милли паркы) covers a large contiguous forest on the southern end of the Ural Mountains. The park is an important buffer between the industrialized flatlands to the west, and the mountainous and sparsely populated Shulgan-Tash nature reserve and Altyn-Solok ("Golden Bee Tree") entomological reserve to the east and north. Bashkirya National Park lies between the Nugush River (and the popular recreational zone of the Nugush Reservoir), and the southern bend of the Belaya River. The park features deep river valley cuts in a karst topography. It is known for a natural bridge across the river Kuperlya. The park is situated across three districts (Meleuzovsky, Kurgachinsky and Burzyansky) of the Republic of Bashkortostan (also known as "Bashkiriya").[1][2]

Bashkiriya National Park
Bashkiriya National Park
Location of Park
LocationBashkortostan
Nearest cityMeleuz
Coordinates53°03′N 56°32′E / 53.050°N 56.533°E / 53.050; 56.533
Area92,000 hectares (227,337 acres; 920 km2; 355 sq mi)
Established1986 (1986)
Governing bodyFGBI "Bashkiriya"
Websitehttp://www.npbashkiria.ru/

Topography edit

 
Boundaries of Bashkiriya National Park, at southwestern end of Ural Mountains. Size of the park is about 30 km north to south.

The park rises from flatlands in the west, into medium-height Karst (limestone) uplands to the east. The northern boundary is along the Nugush River (in Turkic, "clean, bright"), which flows through deep wooded valleys with limestone formations on the slopes. The Nugush Reservoir (25 km2) where the river flows west out of the mountains. The reservoir is a popular destination for locals in the summer; the industrial town of Meleuz is only 20 miles to the west, making Bashkiriya National Park an important point of recreation as well as an ecological buffer to the protected areas to the east.[3]

The southern boundary is the Belaya River as it bends around the south end of the Ural mountains. In the east, the Park borders on the "Shulgan-Tash" State Sanctuary. Over 92% of the park is forested. The central region of the park is relatively difficult to access, with older growth and dead trees that support a wide variety of wildlife.

The most striking landforms are the various limestone formations: outcrops, caves, grottoes, and underground rivers. The rocky banks of the Nugush and Belaya rivers reach 150 meters in height. The "Kuperlya Natural Bridge" is a karst formation that is 20 meters above the ground and 10 meters across; it is the remains of a former underground river. There are 30 known caves in the park, with 8.2 km of major passageways. One cave, the Sumgan Cave, is the largest cave in the Urals, with major and minor passages up to 10 km long, and reaching down to a depth of 126 meters. The Sumgan Cave is located in a particular isolated terrain known as "Kutuk-Sumgan" ("kutuk" - "water well", "sumgan" - "dived").[4]

  •  
    Nugush Reservoir, in the northwest of the park
  •  
    Kuperlya Natural Bridge
  •  
    Falcon Rock, on the Nugush River
  •  
    Belaya River

Climate and ecoregion edit

The climate of Bashkiriya is Humid continental climate, warm summer (Köppen climate classification (Dfb)). This climate is characterized by large swings in temperature, both diurnally and seasonally, with mild summers and cold, snowy winters.[5][6]

Ufa, Bashkortostan
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
1.9
 
 
17
1
 
 
1.5
 
 
20
1
 
 
1.3
 
 
32
13
 
 
1.3
 
 
52
32
 
 
1.8
 
 
68
44
 
 
2.6
 
 
76
53
 
 
2.2
 
 
79
57
 
 
2.3
 
 
74
53
 
 
2
 
 
63
44
 
 
2.3
 
 
48
34
 
 
2.1
 
 
30
19
 
 
2
 
 
20
−5
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Metric conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
48
 
 
−8
−17
 
 
39
 
 
−7
−17
 
 
32
 
 
0
−10
 
 
33
 
 
11
0
 
 
46
 
 
20
7
 
 
66
 
 
25
12
 
 
55
 
 
26
14
 
 
58
 
 
24
12
 
 
51
 
 
17
7
 
 
58
 
 
9
1
 
 
52
 
 
−1
−8
 
 
51
 
 
−7
−21
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
 
Park in winter

Bashkiriya is in the Urals montane tundra and taiga ecoregion.[7][8] The Urals are commonly recognized as the divide between Europe and Asia, and the southern Urals combine the mixing of the two with proximity to steppe ecoregions. The primary trees of the Urals Mountain Taiga ecoregion include the Siberian Spruce, Siberian larch, Russian larch, and the Siberian fir.

Plants edit

The park has high levels of biodiversity because it is at the meeting point of several biogeographical provinces: boreal conifer forests ("taiga"), broadleaf forests, and steppe. Because over 90% of the park has forest cover, it is an area of broad protection for forest plant communities. The light conifers of the taiga (pine and larch) mix with broadleaf (linden, oak, elm, maple) and small-leaved (birch and aspen) trees. Rocky outcrops provide openings for smaller flowering plants. Over 800 flowering plant species have been recorded in the park, with 117 being listed as rare or vulnerable.[9] There are limited non-forest areas of the park, including an areas known as the "Bear Meadow" that features lop-sided onion, a type of wild onion.

Animals edit

Due to the position of the forest on the extreme ends of different ecoregions (Europe/Asia, and North/South), many of the resident species are at the extreme ends of their respective ranges. The protected areas of the park provide habitat for over 60 species of mammals. Representative species include the brown bear, elk, wolf, lynx and beaver. There are 11 recorded amphibian species, 30 fish species and 150 species of birds. The birds of prey include the vulnerable Eastern imperial eagle and the White-tailed eagle (the largest eagle with a wingspan up to 8 feet). Among the fish species in the headwaters of the Nugush and Belaya is the vulnerable Siberian salmon.

History edit

The Bashkiriya region has been inhabited for thousands of years: the cave paintings of the Paleolithic culture in the bordering Shulgan-Tash reserve have been dated by radio-chemical analysis to 13,000-14,000 years ago. The semi-nomadic Bashkirs are indigenous to Bashkortostan and claim descent from the original cave cult cultures.[10]

The area was well known for wild beekeeping, in which honey is collected from tree hollows, and in which bee clusters would be artificially introduced into caverns. The neighboring Altyn-Solok entomological reserve protects this historic source of industry, which may stretch back 1,500 years.

In the 20th century, the region of Bashkiriya between the Volga and the Urals became the most industrialized and populous republic in Russia.[11] The upland area around Bashkiriya National Park and its related reserves remained relatively undisturbed y development and population, increasing their importance for both recreation and natural protection.

Today, the park known for local recreational use of the Nugush Reservoir in the summer, and for explorations into the forest by trail, river raft, and horseback. Caving is also a feature of the park. There are tourist facilities near the reservoir, and in the nearby town of Meleuz.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Bashkiria National Park". Russia Nature.
  2. ^ . Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2015-12-19.
  3. ^ . UralGora. Archived from the original on 2018-03-09. Retrieved 2015-12-19.
  4. ^ "National Park Bashkirya Urals". List of Wonders. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2015-12-19.
  5. ^ Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006. "World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated" (PDF). Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ "Dataset - Koppen climate classifications". World Bank. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  7. ^ . World Wildlife Fund. Archived from the original on 2017-07-04. Retrieved 2015-12-19.
  8. ^ "Map of Ecoregions 2017". Resolve, using WWF data. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  9. ^ "Nomination - Bashkirian Urals". Natural Heritage Protection Fund.
  10. ^ "Bashkir Ural - Tentative Lists Entry". UNESCO.
  11. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.

External links edit

  • Map of Bashkiria National Park, OpenStreetmap.org
  • Map of Bashkiria National Park, ProtectedPlanet.net 2019-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bashkiriya National Park.

February 16, 2024
bashkiriya, national, park, russian, Национальный, парк, Башкирия, bashkir, Башҡортостан, милли, паркы, covers, large, contiguous, forest, southern, ural, mountains, park, important, buffer, between, industrialized, flatlands, west, mountainous, sparsely, popu. Bashkiriya National Park Russian Nacionalnyj park Bashkiriya Bashkir Bashҡortostan milli parky covers a large contiguous forest on the southern end of the Ural Mountains The park is an important buffer between the industrialized flatlands to the west and the mountainous and sparsely populated Shulgan Tash nature reserve and Altyn Solok Golden Bee Tree entomological reserve to the east and north Bashkirya National Park lies between the Nugush River and the popular recreational zone of the Nugush Reservoir and the southern bend of the Belaya River The park features deep river valley cuts in a karst topography It is known for a natural bridge across the river Kuperlya The park is situated across three districts Meleuzovsky Kurgachinsky and Burzyansky of the Republic of Bashkortostan also known as Bashkiriya 1 2 Bashkiriya National ParkIUCN category II national park Bashkiriya National ParkLocation of ParkLocationBashkortostanNearest cityMeleuzCoordinates53 03 N 56 32 E 53 050 N 56 533 E 53 050 56 533Area92 000 hectares 227 337 acres 920 km2 355 sq mi Established1986 1986 Governing bodyFGBI Bashkiriya Websitehttp www npbashkiria ru Contents 1 Topography 2 Climate and ecoregion 3 Plants 4 Animals 5 History 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksTopography edit nbsp Boundaries of Bashkiriya National Park at southwestern end of Ural Mountains Size of the park is about 30 km north to south The park rises from flatlands in the west into medium height Karst limestone uplands to the east The northern boundary is along the Nugush River in Turkic clean bright which flows through deep wooded valleys with limestone formations on the slopes The Nugush Reservoir 25 km2 where the river flows west out of the mountains The reservoir is a popular destination for locals in the summer the industrial town of Meleuz is only 20 miles to the west making Bashkiriya National Park an important point of recreation as well as an ecological buffer to the protected areas to the east 3 The southern boundary is the Belaya River as it bends around the south end of the Ural mountains In the east the Park borders on the Shulgan Tash State Sanctuary Over 92 of the park is forested The central region of the park is relatively difficult to access with older growth and dead trees that support a wide variety of wildlife The most striking landforms are the various limestone formations outcrops caves grottoes and underground rivers The rocky banks of the Nugush and Belaya rivers reach 150 meters in height The Kuperlya Natural Bridge is a karst formation that is 20 meters above the ground and 10 meters across it is the remains of a former underground river There are 30 known caves in the park with 8 2 km of major passageways One cave the Sumgan Cave is the largest cave in the Urals with major and minor passages up to 10 km long and reaching down to a depth of 126 meters The Sumgan Cave is located in a particular isolated terrain known as Kutuk Sumgan kutuk water well sumgan dived 4 nbsp Nugush Reservoir in the northwest of the park nbsp Kuperlya Natural Bridge nbsp Falcon Rock on the Nugush River nbsp Belaya RiverClimate and ecoregion editThe climate of Bashkiriya is Humid continental climate warm summer Koppen climate classification Dfb This climate is characterized by large swings in temperature both diurnally and seasonally with mild summers and cold snowy winters 5 6 Ufa BashkortostanClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 1 9 17 1 1 5 20 1 1 3 32 13 1 3 52 32 1 8 68 44 2 6 76 53 2 2 79 57 2 3 74 53 2 63 44 2 3 48 34 2 1 30 19 2 20 5 Average max and min temperatures in F Precipitation totals in inchesMetric conversionJ F M A M J J A S O N D 48 8 17 39 7 17 32 0 10 33 11 0 46 20 7 66 25 12 55 26 14 58 24 12 51 17 7 58 9 1 52 1 8 51 7 21 Average max and min temperatures in C Precipitation totals in mm nbsp Park in winterBashkiriya is in the Urals montane tundra and taiga ecoregion 7 8 The Urals are commonly recognized as the divide between Europe and Asia and the southern Urals combine the mixing of the two with proximity to steppe ecoregions The primary trees of the Urals Mountain Taiga ecoregion include the Siberian Spruce Siberian larch Russian larch and the Siberian fir Plants editThe park has high levels of biodiversity because it is at the meeting point of several biogeographical provinces boreal conifer forests taiga broadleaf forests and steppe Because over 90 of the park has forest cover it is an area of broad protection for forest plant communities The light conifers of the taiga pine and larch mix with broadleaf linden oak elm maple and small leaved birch and aspen trees Rocky outcrops provide openings for smaller flowering plants Over 800 flowering plant species have been recorded in the park with 117 being listed as rare or vulnerable 9 There are limited non forest areas of the park including an areas known as the Bear Meadow that features lop sided onion a type of wild onion Animals editDue to the position of the forest on the extreme ends of different ecoregions Europe Asia and North South many of the resident species are at the extreme ends of their respective ranges The protected areas of the park provide habitat for over 60 species of mammals Representative species include the brown bear elk wolf lynx and beaver There are 11 recorded amphibian species 30 fish species and 150 species of birds The birds of prey include the vulnerable Eastern imperial eagle and the White tailed eagle the largest eagle with a wingspan up to 8 feet Among the fish species in the headwaters of the Nugush and Belaya is the vulnerable Siberian salmon History editThe Bashkiriya region has been inhabited for thousands of years the cave paintings of the Paleolithic culture in the bordering Shulgan Tash reserve have been dated by radio chemical analysis to 13 000 14 000 years ago The semi nomadic Bashkirs are indigenous to Bashkortostan and claim descent from the original cave cult cultures 10 The area was well known for wild beekeeping in which honey is collected from tree hollows and in which bee clusters would be artificially introduced into caverns The neighboring Altyn Solok entomological reserve protects this historic source of industry which may stretch back 1 500 years In the 20th century the region of Bashkiriya between the Volga and the Urals became the most industrialized and populous republic in Russia 11 The upland area around Bashkiriya National Park and its related reserves remained relatively undisturbed y development and population increasing their importance for both recreation and natural protection Today the park known for local recreational use of the Nugush Reservoir in the summer and for explorations into the forest by trail river raft and horseback Caving is also a feature of the park There are tourist facilities near the reservoir and in the nearby town of Meleuz See also editProtected areas of Russia WikiCommons gallery Kuperlya waterfall and karst bridgeReferences edit Bashkiria National Park Russia Nature Bashkiriya National Park Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Archived from the original on 2008 12 01 Retrieved 2015 12 19 Nugush Reservoir UralGora Archived from the original on 2018 03 09 Retrieved 2015 12 19 National Park Bashkirya Urals List of Wonders Archived from the original on 2016 02 21 Retrieved 2015 12 19 Kottek M J Grieser C Beck B Rudolf and F Rubel 2006 World Map of Koppen Geiger Climate Classification Updated PDF Gebruder Borntraeger 2006 Retrieved September 14 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Dataset Koppen climate classifications World Bank Retrieved September 14 2019 Ural Mountains Taiga World Wildlife Fund Archived from the original on 2017 07 04 Retrieved 2015 12 19 Map of Ecoregions 2017 Resolve using WWF data Retrieved September 14 2019 Nomination Bashkirian Urals Natural Heritage Protection Fund Bashkir Ural Tentative Lists Entry UNESCO Russian Federal State Statistics Service 2011 Vserossijskaya perepis naseleniya 2010 goda Tom 1 2010 All Russian Population Census vol 1 Vserossijskaya perepis naseleniya 2010 goda 2010 All Russia Population Census in Russian Federal State Statistics Service External links editBashkir Ural Nomination Letter to UNESCO Map of Bashkiria National Park OpenStreetmap org Map of Bashkiria National Park ProtectedPlanet net Archived 2019 03 25 at the Wayback Machine nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bashkiriya National Park Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bashkiriya National Park amp oldid 1182236444, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.