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Duke of Chandos

January 01, 1970

The Dukedom of Chandos /ˈʃænˌdɒs, ˈʃɑːnˌdɒs/ was a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England. First created as a barony by Edward III in 1337, its second creation in 1554 was due to the Brydges family's service to Mary I during Wyatt's rebellion, when she also gave them Sudeley Castle. The barony was elevated to a dukedom in 1719, and it finally fell into abeyance in 1789, after 452 years.

Dukedom of Chandos
held with
Dukedom of Buckingham
Arms of Brydges, Dukes of Chandos
Creation date1337 (first creation)

1554 (second creation)

1719 (elevation to dukedom)
Created byEdward III (first creation

Mary I (second creation

George I (elevation)
PeeragePeerage of England
First holderRoger de Chandos, 1st Baron Chandos
Last holderJames Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos
Subsidiary titlesMarquess of Carnarvon

Marquess of Chandos

Viscount Wilton

Baron Chandos of Sudeley

Lordship of Kinloss
Extinction date1789
Former seat(s)Sudeley Castle, Gloucestershire

Cannons House, Middlesex

Chandos House, London
Motto"maintien le droit" (uphold the right)

History edit

A Robert de Chandos went to Ireland with King John in 1185. His son Roger in 1221 received licence to hold a fair at Fownhope in 1221. The son of this Roger, Robert de Chandos (d. 1302) participated in the Welsh expedition of Edward I. The son of Robert, Roger de Chandos, served in the Scottish wars of Edward II and received a knighthood. In 1321, he was sheriff of Herefordshire. He was succeeded by Thomas de Chandos.[1]

Thomas was succeeded by his brother Roger de Chandos (Rogerus de Chaundos). Roger was made knight banneret by Edward III. It was this Roger who was summoned to parliament, and who was cited as Baron de Chandos between 1337 (11th year of Edward III) and 1355, counting as the first creation of the title.[2] Roger was succeeded by his son Thomas, who was in turn succeeded by his son John. Neither of these were summoned to parliament, and are thus not named Baron Chandos explicitly, but counted as de jure 2nd and 3rd Barons Chandos, respectively. John, who defended Hereford Castle against Owain Glyndŵr in 1403, died without issue in 1428. The Chandos estates in Herefordshire passed to the surviving daughter of John's sister Elizabeth, wife of Nicholas Mattesden, and eventually to his great nephew Giles Brugge, de jure 4th Baron Chandos (son of Edward Brugge and Alice de Berkeley whose mother was Margaret de Chandos). He became father to Thomas Brugge, 5th Baron Chandos (d. 1493).[1] Thomas' son, Giles Brugge, 6th Baron Chandos (d. 1511) held the office of High Sheriff of Gloucestershire for 1499.

 
A portrait of James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos by Michael Dahl
 
Arms of Brydges, Dukes of Chandos: Argent, on a cross sable a leopard's face Or[3]

The son of Giles Brugge, John Brydges (d. 1557), was summoned to parliament for Gloucestershire at some point before 1554. In 1554, he was given Sudeley Castle and created Baron Chandos, of Sudeley in the county of Gloucester by Queen Mary I, in the second creation of the title.

The three succeeding barons were all Members of Parliament and persons of some importance—particularly Grey, 5th Baron, and his elder son George, 6th Baron. George had six daughters but no sons, and after the death of his brother William in 1676 the barony came to a kinsman, Sir James Brydges, Bart., who was English ambassador to Istanbul from 1680 to 1685.

The eighth baron's eldest son, James Brydges (1674–1744), succeeded his father as ninth Baron Chandos in 1714. In the same year, he was created Earl of Carnarvon (second creation) and Duke of Chandos in 1719. Subsidiary titles included Marquess of Carnarvon (1719) and Viscount Wilton (1714). All of these titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain.

The 1st Duke built an exceptionally grand country house called Cannons in Little Stanmore, Middlesex that, though it was parodied in his lifetime, was a seat of great learning and culture: Handel was the resident composer from 1717 until 1719. Brydges' Cannons was demolished after his death, to pay the debts he incurred in the South Sea Bubble disaster, and by his son.[clarification needed] It was replaced by a modest villa built by William Hallett, and Cannons is now occupied by North London Collegiate School whose archives contain some information on the duke, his second wife Cassandra Willoughby, and subsequent owners of Cannons. Author Jane Austen was descended from his sister Mary.

With the death of the third duke in 1789, the titles became extinct, and the barony became dormant. An attempt was made by Samuel Egerton Brydges to claim the barony, initially on behalf of his older brother Edward Tymewell Brydges and then on his own behalf. Litigation lasted from 1790 to 1803 before the claims were rejected, but Egerton Brydges continued to style himself per legem terrae Baron Chandos of Sudeley. It seems likely that not only was the claim groundless but that the evidence was forged.

List of title holders edit

Barons Chandos, first creation (1337) edit

The title is spelt 'Chaundos' in the Complete Peerage.[4]

  • Roger de Chandos, 1st Baron Chandos (d. 1353) was probably 1st Lord Chandos.
  • Thomas Chandos, 2nd Baron Chandos (c. 1333–1375) (claimant)
  • John Chandos, 3rd Baron Chandos (c. 1349–1428) (claimant) (peerage abeyant 1428)
  • Giles Brugge, 4th Baron Chandos (1396–1467) (abeyance terminated 1458, on the death of his cousin)
  • Thomas Brugge, 5th Baron Chandos de jure (1427–30 January 1493)
  • Giles Brugge, 6th Baron Chandos (c. 1462–1 December 1511)

Most sources[which?] read that the title became extinct upon the death of the 1st Lord, although others, such as the Complete Peerage, include the further holders listed above. The presumed 2nd Lord Chandos was High Sheriff of Herefordshire for 1359, 1370 and 1372 and the presumed 3rd Lord Chandos served the same office for 1382.

Barons Chandos, second creation (1554) edit

Dukes of Chandos (1719) edit

The 3rd Duke's son-in-law, the 2nd Marquess of Buckingham, was created Duke of Buckingham and Chandos in 1822.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Wilhelmina Powlett, Duchess of Cleveland, The Battle Abbey Roll vol. 1 (1889), s.v. "Chaundos".
  2. ^ Thomas Christopher Banks, Baronia Anglica Concentrata (1844), p. 151.
  3. ^ Argent, on a cross sable a leopard's face Or; Crest: Out of a duke's coronet the bust of an old man in profile habited paly argent and gules semy of roundels counterchanged, the collar ermine, wreathed about the temples argent and sable and capped Or; Supporters: two otters argent; Mantling: Gules and ermine; Motto: Maintien Le Droit, winged skull in base.s http://www.middlesex-heraldry.org.uk/publications/monographs/mdxchurches.pdf Middlesex Heraldry Society 1995
  4. ^ 2nd edition, volume 3, P147
  5. ^ The Peerage — John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos of Sudeley
  6. ^ Complete Peerage, 2nd edition, Vol 3, P 133
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chandos, Barons and Dukes of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 838–839.
  • The Gentleman's Magazine 162 (1837) pp. 534–535.
  • www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk

External links edit

    January 01, 1970
    duke, chandos, dukedom, chandos, ɑː, title, that, been, created, twice, peerage, england, first, created, barony, edward, 1337, second, creation, 1554, brydges, family, service, mary, during, wyatt, rebellion, when, also, gave, them, sudeley, castle, barony, e. The Dukedom of Chandos ˈ ʃ ae n ˌ d ɒ s ˈ ʃ ɑː n ˌ d ɒ s was a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England First created as a barony by Edward III in 1337 its second creation in 1554 was due to the Brydges family s service to Mary I during Wyatt s rebellion when she also gave them Sudeley Castle The barony was elevated to a dukedom in 1719 and it finally fell into abeyance in 1789 after 452 years Dukedom of Chandosheld withDukedom of BuckinghamArms of Brydges Dukes of ChandosCreation date1337 first creation 1554 second creation 1719 elevation to dukedom Created byEdward III first creation Mary I second creation George I elevation PeeragePeerage of EnglandFirst holderRoger de Chandos 1st Baron ChandosLast holderJames Brydges 3rd Duke of ChandosSubsidiary titlesMarquess of Carnarvon Marquess of ChandosViscount WiltonBaron Chandos of Sudeley Lordship of KinlossExtinction date1789Former seat s Sudeley Castle Gloucestershire Cannons House Middlesex Chandos House LondonMotto maintien le droit uphold the right Contents 1 History 2 List of title holders 2 1 Barons Chandos first creation 1337 2 2 Barons Chandos second creation 1554 2 3 Dukes of Chandos 1719 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editA Robert de Chandos went to Ireland with King John in 1185 His son Roger in 1221 received licence to hold a fair at Fownhope in 1221 The son of this Roger Robert de Chandos d 1302 participated in the Welsh expedition of Edward I The son of Robert Roger de Chandos served in the Scottish wars of Edward II and received a knighthood In 1321 he was sheriff of Herefordshire He was succeeded by Thomas de Chandos 1 Thomas was succeeded by his brother Roger de Chandos Rogerus de Chaundos Roger was made knight banneret by Edward III It was this Roger who was summoned to parliament and who was cited as Baron de Chandos between 1337 11th year of Edward III and 1355 counting as the first creation of the title 2 Roger was succeeded by his son Thomas who was in turn succeeded by his son John Neither of these were summoned to parliament and are thus not named Baron Chandos explicitly but counted as de jure 2nd and 3rd Barons Chandos respectively John who defended Hereford Castle against Owain Glyndŵr in 1403 died without issue in 1428 The Chandos estates in Herefordshire passed to the surviving daughter of John s sister Elizabeth wife of Nicholas Mattesden and eventually to his great nephew Giles Brugge de jure 4th Baron Chandos son of Edward Brugge and Alice de Berkeley whose mother was Margaret de Chandos He became father to Thomas Brugge 5th Baron Chandos d 1493 1 Thomas son Giles Brugge 6th Baron Chandos d 1511 held the office of High Sheriff of Gloucestershire for 1499 nbsp A portrait of James Brydges 1st Duke of Chandos by Michael Dahl nbsp Arms of Brydges Dukes of Chandos Argent on a cross sable a leopard s face Or 3 The son of Giles Brugge John Brydges d 1557 was summoned to parliament for Gloucestershire at some point before 1554 In 1554 he was given Sudeley Castle and created Baron Chandos of Sudeley in the county of Gloucester by Queen Mary I in the second creation of the title The three succeeding barons were all Members of Parliament and persons of some importance particularly Grey 5th Baron and his elder son George 6th Baron George had six daughters but no sons and after the death of his brother William in 1676 the barony came to a kinsman Sir James Brydges Bart who was English ambassador to Istanbul from 1680 to 1685 The eighth baron s eldest son James Brydges 1674 1744 succeeded his father as ninth Baron Chandos in 1714 In the same year he was created Earl of Carnarvon second creation and Duke of Chandos in 1719 Subsidiary titles included Marquess of Carnarvon 1719 and Viscount Wilton 1714 All of these titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain The 1st Duke built an exceptionally grand country house called Cannons in Little Stanmore Middlesex that though it was parodied in his lifetime was a seat of great learning and culture Handel was the resident composer from 1717 until 1719 Brydges Cannons was demolished after his death to pay the debts he incurred in the South Sea Bubble disaster and by his son clarification needed It was replaced by a modest villa built by William Hallett and Cannons is now occupied by North London Collegiate School whose archives contain some information on the duke his second wife Cassandra Willoughby and subsequent owners of Cannons Author Jane Austen was descended from his sister Mary With the death of the third duke in 1789 the titles became extinct and the barony became dormant An attempt was made by Samuel Egerton Brydges to claim the barony initially on behalf of his older brother Edward Tymewell Brydges and then on his own behalf Litigation lasted from 1790 to 1803 before the claims were rejected but Egerton Brydges continued to style himself per legem terrae Baron Chandos of Sudeley It seems likely that not only was the claim groundless but that the evidence was forged List of title holders editBarons Chandos first creation 1337 edit The title is spelt Chaundos in the Complete Peerage 4 Roger de Chandos 1st Baron Chandos d 1353 was probably 1st Lord Chandos Thomas Chandos 2nd Baron Chandos c 1333 1375 claimant John Chandos 3rd Baron Chandos c 1349 1428 claimant peerage abeyant 1428 Giles Brugge 4th Baron Chandos 1396 1467 abeyance terminated 1458 on the death of his cousin Thomas Brugge 5th Baron Chandos de jure 1427 30 January 1493 Giles Brugge 6th Baron Chandos c 1462 1 December 1511 Most sources which read that the title became extinct upon the death of the 1st Lord although others such as the Complete Peerage include the further holders listed above The presumed 2nd Lord Chandos was High Sheriff of Herefordshire for 1359 1370 and 1372 and the presumed 3rd Lord Chandos served the same office for 1382 Barons Chandos second creation 1554 edit John Brydges 1st Baron Chandos 1492 1557 is sometimes listed as de jure 7th Lord Chandos of the 1337 creation 5 Son of 6th Baron of the preceding creation Edmund Brydges 2nd Baron Chandos bef 1522 1573 eldest son of the 1st Baron Giles Brydges 3rd Baron Chandos 1548 1594 elder son of the 2nd Baron died without male issue William Brydges 4th Baron Chandos c 1552 1602 younger son of the 2nd Baron Grey Brydges 5th Baron Chandos c 1581 1621 only son of the 4th Baron George Brydges 6th Baron Chandos 1620 1655 elder son of the 5th Baron died without male issue William Brydges 7th Baron Chandos d 1676 younger son of the 5th Baron died without male issue James Brydges 8th Baron Chandos 1642 1714 great great grandson of the 1st Baron James Brydges 9th Baron Chandos 1673 1744 created Earl of Carnarvon in 1714 and Duke of Chandos in 1719 Dukes of Chandos 1719 edit James Brydges 1st Duke of Chandos 1673 1744 eldest son of the 8th Baron John Brydges Marquess of Carnarvon 1703 1727 elder son of the 1st Duke died without male issue Henry Brydges 2nd Duke of Chandos 1708 1771 younger son of the 1st Duke James Brydges 3rd Duke of Chandos 1731 1789 only son of the 2nd Duke died without male issue His titles other than the Lordship of Kinloss became extinct 6 The 3rd Duke s son in law the 2nd Marquess of Buckingham was created Duke of Buckingham and Chandos in 1822 See also editDuke of Buckingham and Chandos Viscount Chandos John Chandos Knight supported Edward the Black Prince d 1369References edit a b Wilhelmina Powlett Duchess of Cleveland The Battle Abbey Roll vol 1 1889 s v Chaundos Thomas Christopher Banks Baronia Anglica Concentrata 1844 p 151 Argent on a cross sable a leopard s face Or Crest Out of a duke s coronet the bust of an old man in profile habited paly argent and gules semy of roundels counterchanged the collar ermine wreathed about the temples argent and sable and capped Or Supporters two otters argent Mantling Gules and ermine Motto Maintien Le Droit winged skull in base s http www middlesex heraldry org uk publications monographs mdxchurches pdf Middlesex Heraldry Society 1995 2nd edition volume 3 P147 The Peerage John Brydges 1st Baron Chandos of Sudeley Complete Peerage 2nd edition Vol 3 P 133 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Chandos Barons and Dukes of Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 5 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 838 839 The Gentleman s Magazine 162 1837 pp 534 535 www cracroftspeerage co ukExternal links editCannons entry from The DiCamillo Companion to British amp Irish Country Houses Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Duke of Chandos amp oldid 1195157484, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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