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June 1996 Bangladeshi general election

April 11, 2024

General elections were held in Bangladesh on 12 June 1996. The result was a victory for the Bangladesh Awami League, which won 146 of the 300 directly elected seats, beginning Sheikh Hasina's first-term as Prime Minister. Voter turnout was 74.96%, the highest to date.[1] This election was the second to be held in 1996, following controversial elections held in February a few months earlier.

June 1996 Bangladeshi general election
← February 1996 12 June 1996 2001 →
300 of the 330 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad
151 seats needed for a majority
Registered56,716,935
Turnout75.60% (54.63pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Sheikh Hasina Khaleda Zia H.M. Ershad
Party AL BNP JP(E)
Last election Boycotted 278 seats Boycotted
Seats won 146 116 32
Seat change 146 162 32
Popular vote 15,882,792 14,255,986 6,954,981
Percentage 37.44% 33.63% 16.40%
Results by constituency
Prime Minister before election

Muhammad Habibur Rahman (acting)
Caretaker government

Subsequent Prime Minister

Sheikh Hasina
AL

Background edit

The June 1996 election marked the second general election to be held within only a four-month period. Previously in February, a general election had been held which was boycotted by all major opposition parties. The opposition were demanding the installation of a neutral caretaker government to oversee the election, citing a 1994 by-election (which they alleged to have been rigged) as evidence of the BNP's inability to hold a free and fair election. Despite the boycott the February election went ahead and the incumbent Prime Minister Khaleda Zia's BNP was re-elected for the second term in a landslide victory, with the majority of seats uncontested. The voting was denounced as unfair by the three main opposition parties and the voter turnout was the lowest in Bangladesh's parliamentary electoral history at only 21%.

Following the election, President Abdur Rahman Biswas invited Zia to form a government, but this administration was short-lived, lasting only 12 days.[2] A series of hartals (strikes) were called by the other parties and an indefinite non-cooperation movement was called until demands for a new, free election was met. On 25 March 1996, following escalating political turmoil, the sitting Parliament enacted the thirteenth constitutional amendment to allow a neutral caretaker government to assume power and conduct new parliamentary elections. On 30 March the President appointed former Chief Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman as Chief Advisor (a position equivalent to prime minister) in the interim government. A new election was scheduled for 12 June 1996.

Electoral system edit

In 1996 the 330 members of the Jatiya Sangsad consisted of 300 directly elected seats using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies,[3] and an additional 30 seats reserved for women. The reserved seats are distributed based on the election results.[4] Each parliament sits for a five-year term.

Campaign edit

During the election campaign there was an attempted coup d'état by the military.[5] On 12 May, President Biswas fired General Abu Saleh Mohammad Nasim, Chief of the Staff of the Army, due to his refusal to carry out a presidential order to retire two of his generals who were alleged to be consorting with political parties in violation of military rules. Nasim revolted against the President and organised troops loyal to him. Consequently, President Biswas dismissed Nasim and appointed a new chief of staff. Troops loyal to the President were mobilised to protect Government institutions in the capital and Nasim was arrested by military police and the attempted coup d'état failed.

A total of 2,574 candidates contested the elections. The Awami League, Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh all put forward full slates of 300 candidates. The Jatiya Party ran 293 candidate, Islami Oikkya Jote 166 and Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab) 67, with other minor parties nominating a combined 864 candidates. 284 candidates ran as independents.[6]

Results edit

The elections were won by the Bangladesh Awami League, who were just shy of a simple parliamentary majority, winning 146 (of the required 151 for a majority) seats. The election was close in terms of popular vote share between Awami League and BNP, with a difference of less than 4%. However, as a result of first-past-the-post voting, Awami League secured a 30-seat lead above BNP. The election saw a high voter turnout of ~74%.[7]

With the support of Jatiya Party,[8] the leader of Awami League, Sheikh Hasina, was invited to form a government on 23 June, beginning her first term as Prime Minister. The first sitting of the seventh parliament of Bangladesh was subsequently held on 14 July 1996.[2]

Of the 300 directly elected seats, only eight were won by female candidates.[9][7] An additional 30 seats were reserved in the Jatiya Sangsad for women, of which 27 were awarded to Awami League and rest to Jatiya Party.[9][7]

 
PartyVotes%Seats
GeneralReservedTotal+/–
Awami League15,882,79237.4414627173New
Bangladesh Nationalist Party14,255,98633.611160116–192
Jatiya Party6,954,98116.4032335New
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami3,653,0138.61303New
Islami Oikya Jote461,5171.09101New
Zaker Party167,5970.40000New
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)97,9160.23101New
Workers Party of Bangladesh56,4040.13000New
Gano Forum54,2500.13000New
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu)50,9440.12000New
Communist Party of Bangladesh48,5490.11000New
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh45,5850.11000New
Sammilita Sangram Parishad40,8030.10000New
Bangladesh Freedom Party38,9740.09000New
Samridhya Bangladesh Andolon27,0830.06000New
Bangladesh Islami Front23,6960.06000New
Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan18,3970.04000New
Bangladesh Jatiyabadi Awami League11,1900.03000New
Islami Shasantantra Andolon11,1590.03000New
Bangladesher Samajtantrik Dal (Khalekuzzaman)10,2340.02000New
Bangladesh Samajtantrik Dal (Mahbub)6,7910.02000New
Bangladesh National Awami Party (NAP Bashani)5,9480.01000New
Bangladesh Muslim League (Jamir Ali)4,5800.01000New
Ganatantri Party4,1140.01000New
Bangladesh National Awami Party (NAP)3,6200.01000New
Democratic Republican Party3,6050.01000New
Bangladesh Janata Party3,3640.01000New
Jatiya Janata Party (Nurul Islam)2,9860.01000New
Jatiya Janata Party (Sheikh Asad)2,3950.01000New
Social Democratic Party1,9380.00000New
Bangladesh Gano Azadi League1,6830.00000New
Progotisil Jatiata Badi Dal1,5150.00000New
Hak Kathar Mancha1,3400.00000New
Bangladesh Samyabadi Dal (Marxist-Leninist)1,1480.00000New
Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal9640.00000New
Communist Kendra8880.00000New
Jatiya Biplobi Front6310.00000New
Saat Dalya Jote (Mirpur)6020.00000New
Bangladesh Hindu League5700.00000New
Bangladesh Peoples Party5580.00000New
Bangladesh Bekar Samaj5480.00000New
Bangladesh Tafsil Jati Federation (S.K. Mandal)5370.00000New
Desh Prem Party5320.00000New
Ganotantrik Sarbahara Party5020.00000New
Bangladesh Jatiya League (Sobhan)4180.00000New
Jana Dal3950.00000New
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Mahiuddin)3930.00000New
Jatiya Seba Dal3650.00000New
National Democratic Party3530.00000New
Bangladesh Krisak Sramik Janata Party2940.00000New
Islami Al Zihad Dal2880.00000New
Bangladesh Sarbahara Party2480.00000New
Jatiya Daridra Party2440.00000New
Sramajibi Oikya Forum2290.00000New
Islamic Dal Bangladesh (Saifur)2210.00000New
Bangladesh People's League2130.00000New
Bangladesh Samajtantrik Samsad (Darshan Shava)2090.00000New
Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Mukti Andolon1890.00000New
Gano Oikkya Front (Guff)1860.00000New
Bangladesh Mehanati Front1730.00000New
Bangladesh Tafsili Federation (Sudir)1500.00000New
People's Muslim League1400.00000New
National Awami Party (NAP Bhashani)1380.00000New
Quran Dorshion Sangshta Bangladesh1370.00000New
Progatishil Gonotantrik Shakti1340.00000New
Bangladesh Islami Party1320.00000New
Bangladesh Jatiya Agragati Party1310.00000New
Oikya Prokria1120.00000New
Bangladesh Bashani Adarsha Bastabayan Parishad1070.00000New
Bangladesh Bastuhara Parishad1050.00000New
Bangladesh National Congress990.00000New
Quran Sunna Bastabayan Party820.00000New
Bangladesh Tanjimul Muslimin810.00000New
Samridhya Bangladesh Babosai Samproday480.00000New
Bashani Front450.00000New
Bangladesh Krishak Raj Islami Party330.00000New
National Patriotic Party310.00000New
Bangladesh Islami Biplobi Parishad290.00000New
Taherikay Olama-e-Bangladesh290.00000New
United Peoples' Party260.00000New
Bangladesh Manabodjikar Dal200.00000New
Independents449,6181.06101New
Total42,418,274100.00300303300
Valid votes42,418,27498.92
Invalid/blank votes462,3021.08
Total votes42,880,576100.00
Registered voters/turnout56,716,93575.60
Source: , Kumar Panday

Aftermath edit

Hasina's administration completed its full five-year term (the first parliamentary administration to ever do so[10]) and the next elections were held in October 2001.

References edit

  1. ^ "Election Publication" (PDF). Election Commission. 2016.
  2. ^ a b . 2018-08-12. Archived from the original on 2018-08-12. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  3. ^ Electoral system IPU
  4. ^ Ahmed, Nizam; Hasan, Sadik (2018). "Alangkar or Ahangkar? Reserved-Seat Women Members in the Bangladesh Parliament" (PDF). In Ahmed, Nizam (ed.). Women in Governing Institions in South Asia. Springer. p. 18. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57475-2_2. ISBN 978-3-319-57474-5.
  5. ^ Kochanek, Stanley A. (February 1997). "Bangladesh in 1996: The 25th Year of Independence". Asian Survey. 37 (2): 136–142. doi:10.2307/2645479. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2645479.
  6. ^ Bangladesh Election Commission
  7. ^ a b c "BANGLADESH: parliamentary elections Jatiya Sangsad, 1996". archive.ipu.org. Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  8. ^ "After steering Awami League to power, Sheikh Hasina now faces political, economic challenges". India Today. 15 July 1996.
  9. ^ a b Kumar Panday, Pranab (1 September 2008). "Representation without Participation: Quotas for Women in Bangladesh". International Political Science Review. 29 (4): 489–512. doi:10.1177/0192512108095724. S2CID 220874021.
  10. ^ "IPU PARLINE database: BANGLADESH (Jatiya Sangsad), Elections in 2001". archive.ipu.org. Retrieved 2018-12-27.

April 11, 2024
june, 1996, bangladeshi, general, election, general, elections, were, held, bangladesh, june, 1996, result, victory, bangladesh, awami, league, which, directly, elected, seats, beginning, sheikh, hasina, first, term, prime, minister, voter, turnout, highest, d. General elections were held in Bangladesh on 12 June 1996 The result was a victory for the Bangladesh Awami League which won 146 of the 300 directly elected seats beginning Sheikh Hasina s first term as Prime Minister Voter turnout was 74 96 the highest to date 1 This election was the second to be held in 1996 following controversial elections held in February a few months earlier June 1996 Bangladeshi general election February 1996 12 June 1996 2001 300 of the 330 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad151 seats needed for a majorityRegistered56 716 935Turnout75 60 54 63pp First party Second party Third party Leader Sheikh Hasina Khaleda Zia H M ErshadParty AL BNP JP E Last election Boycotted 278 seats BoycottedSeats won 146 116 32Seat change 146 162 32Popular vote 15 882 792 14 255 986 6 954 981Percentage 37 44 33 63 16 40 Results by constituencyPrime Minister before electionMuhammad Habibur Rahman acting Caretaker government Subsequent Prime Minister Sheikh HasinaAL Contents 1 Background 2 Electoral system 3 Campaign 4 Results 5 Aftermath 6 ReferencesBackground editThe June 1996 election marked the second general election to be held within only a four month period Previously in February a general election had been held which was boycotted by all major opposition parties The opposition were demanding the installation of a neutral caretaker government to oversee the election citing a 1994 by election which they alleged to have been rigged as evidence of the BNP s inability to hold a free and fair election Despite the boycott the February election went ahead and the incumbent Prime Minister Khaleda Zia s BNP was re elected for the second term in a landslide victory with the majority of seats uncontested The voting was denounced as unfair by the three main opposition parties and the voter turnout was the lowest in Bangladesh s parliamentary electoral history at only 21 Following the election President Abdur Rahman Biswas invited Zia to form a government but this administration was short lived lasting only 12 days 2 A series of hartals strikes were called by the other parties and an indefinite non cooperation movement was called until demands for a new free election was met On 25 March 1996 following escalating political turmoil the sitting Parliament enacted the thirteenth constitutional amendment to allow a neutral caretaker government to assume power and conduct new parliamentary elections On 30 March the President appointed former Chief Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman as Chief Advisor a position equivalent to prime minister in the interim government A new election was scheduled for 12 June 1996 Electoral system editIn 1996 the 330 members of the Jatiya Sangsad consisted of 300 directly elected seats using first past the post voting in single member constituencies 3 and an additional 30 seats reserved for women The reserved seats are distributed based on the election results 4 Each parliament sits for a five year term Campaign editDuring the election campaign there was an attempted coup d etat by the military 5 On 12 May President Biswas fired General Abu Saleh Mohammad Nasim Chief of the Staff of the Army due to his refusal to carry out a presidential order to retire two of his generals who were alleged to be consorting with political parties in violation of military rules Nasim revolted against the President and organised troops loyal to him Consequently President Biswas dismissed Nasim and appointed a new chief of staff Troops loyal to the President were mobilised to protect Government institutions in the capital and Nasim was arrested by military police and the attempted coup d etat failed A total of 2 574 candidates contested the elections The Awami League Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jamaat e Islami Bangladesh all put forward full slates of 300 candidates The Jatiya Party ran 293 candidate Islami Oikkya Jote 166 and Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal Rab 67 with other minor parties nominating a combined 864 candidates 284 candidates ran as independents 6 Results editThe elections were won by the Bangladesh Awami League who were just shy of a simple parliamentary majority winning 146 of the required 151 for a majority seats The election was close in terms of popular vote share between Awami League and BNP with a difference of less than 4 However as a result of first past the post voting Awami League secured a 30 seat lead above BNP The election saw a high voter turnout of 74 7 With the support of Jatiya Party 8 the leader of Awami League Sheikh Hasina was invited to form a government on 23 June beginning her first term as Prime Minister The first sitting of the seventh parliament of Bangladesh was subsequently held on 14 July 1996 2 Of the 300 directly elected seats only eight were won by female candidates 9 7 An additional 30 seats were reserved in the Jatiya Sangsad for women of which 27 were awarded to Awami League and rest to Jatiya Party 9 7 nbsp PartyVotes SeatsGeneralReservedTotal Awami League15 882 79237 4414627173NewBangladesh Nationalist Party14 255 98633 611160116 192Jatiya Party6 954 98116 4032335NewBangladesh Jamaat e Islami3 653 0138 61303NewIslami Oikya Jote461 5171 09101NewZaker Party167 5970 40000NewJatiya Samajtantrik Dal Rab 97 9160 23101NewWorkers Party of Bangladesh56 4040 13000NewGano Forum54 2500 13000NewJatiya Samajtantrik Dal Inu 50 9440 12000NewCommunist Party of Bangladesh48 5490 11000NewJamiat Ulema e Islam Bangladesh45 5850 11000NewSammilita Sangram Parishad40 8030 10000NewBangladesh Freedom Party38 9740 09000NewSamridhya Bangladesh Andolon27 0830 06000NewBangladesh Islami Front23 6960 06000NewBangladesh Khilafat Andolan18 3970 04000NewBangladesh Jatiyabadi Awami League11 1900 03000NewIslami Shasantantra Andolon11 1590 03000NewBangladesher Samajtantrik Dal Khalekuzzaman 10 2340 02000NewBangladesh Samajtantrik Dal Mahbub 6 7910 02000NewBangladesh National Awami Party NAP Bashani 5 9480 01000NewBangladesh Muslim League Jamir Ali 4 5800 01000NewGanatantri Party4 1140 01000NewBangladesh National Awami Party NAP 3 6200 01000NewDemocratic Republican Party3 6050 01000NewBangladesh Janata Party3 3640 01000NewJatiya Janata Party Nurul Islam 2 9860 01000NewJatiya Janata Party Sheikh Asad 2 3950 01000NewSocial Democratic Party1 9380 00000NewBangladesh Gano Azadi League1 6830 00000NewProgotisil Jatiata Badi Dal1 5150 00000NewHak Kathar Mancha1 3400 00000NewBangladesh Samyabadi Dal Marxist Leninist 1 1480 00000NewSramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal9640 00000NewCommunist Kendra8880 00000NewJatiya Biplobi Front6310 00000NewSaat Dalya Jote Mirpur 6020 00000NewBangladesh Hindu League5700 00000NewBangladesh Peoples Party5580 00000NewBangladesh Bekar Samaj5480 00000NewBangladesh Tafsil Jati Federation S K Mandal 5370 00000NewDesh Prem Party5320 00000NewGanotantrik Sarbahara Party5020 00000NewBangladesh Jatiya League Sobhan 4180 00000NewJana Dal3950 00000NewJatiya Samajtantrik Dal Mahiuddin 3930 00000NewJatiya Seba Dal3650 00000NewNational Democratic Party3530 00000NewBangladesh Krisak Sramik Janata Party2940 00000NewIslami Al Zihad Dal2880 00000NewBangladesh Sarbahara Party2480 00000NewJatiya Daridra Party2440 00000NewSramajibi Oikya Forum2290 00000NewIslamic Dal Bangladesh Saifur 2210 00000NewBangladesh People s League2130 00000NewBangladesh Samajtantrik Samsad Darshan Shava 2090 00000NewBangladesh Krishak Sramik Mukti Andolon1890 00000NewGano Oikkya Front Guff 1860 00000NewBangladesh Mehanati Front1730 00000NewBangladesh Tafsili Federation Sudir 1500 00000NewPeople s Muslim League1400 00000NewNational Awami Party NAP Bhashani 1380 00000NewQuran Dorshion Sangshta Bangladesh1370 00000NewProgatishil Gonotantrik Shakti1340 00000NewBangladesh Islami Party1320 00000NewBangladesh Jatiya Agragati Party1310 00000NewOikya Prokria1120 00000NewBangladesh Bashani Adarsha Bastabayan Parishad1070 00000NewBangladesh Bastuhara Parishad1050 00000NewBangladesh National Congress990 00000NewQuran Sunna Bastabayan Party820 00000NewBangladesh Tanjimul Muslimin810 00000NewSamridhya Bangladesh Babosai Samproday480 00000NewBashani Front450 00000NewBangladesh Krishak Raj Islami Party330 00000NewNational Patriotic Party310 00000NewBangladesh Islami Biplobi Parishad290 00000NewTaherikay Olama e Bangladesh290 00000NewUnited Peoples Party260 00000NewBangladesh Manabodjikar Dal200 00000NewIndependents449 6181 06101NewTotal42 418 274100 00300303300Valid votes42 418 27498 92Invalid blank votes462 3021 08Total votes42 880 576100 00Registered voters turnout56 716 93575 60Source Bangladesh Election Commission Kumar PandayAftermath editHasina s administration completed its full five year term the first parliamentary administration to ever do so 10 and the next elections were held in October 2001 References edit Election Publication PDF Election Commission 2016 a b Tenure of All Parliaments 2018 08 12 Archived from the original on 2018 08 12 Retrieved 2018 12 27 Electoral system IPU Ahmed Nizam Hasan Sadik 2018 Alangkar or Ahangkar Reserved Seat Women Members in the Bangladesh Parliament PDF In Ahmed Nizam ed Women in Governing Institions in South Asia Springer p 18 doi 10 1007 978 3 319 57475 2 2 ISBN 978 3 319 57474 5 Kochanek Stanley A February 1997 Bangladesh in 1996 The 25th Year of Independence Asian Survey 37 2 136 142 doi 10 2307 2645479 ISSN 0004 4687 JSTOR 2645479 Statistical Report 7th Jatiya Shangshad election Bangladesh Election Commission a b c BANGLADESH parliamentary elections Jatiya Sangsad 1996 archive ipu org Inter Parliamentary Union Retrieved 2018 12 27 After steering Awami League to power Sheikh Hasina now faces political economic challenges India Today 15 July 1996 a b Kumar Panday Pranab 1 September 2008 Representation without Participation Quotas for Women in Bangladesh International Political Science Review 29 4 489 512 doi 10 1177 0192512108095724 S2CID 220874021 IPU PARLINE database BANGLADESH Jatiya Sangsad Elections in 2001 archive ipu org Retrieved 2018 12 27 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title June 1996 Bangladeshi general election amp oldid 1195226752, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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