This article may be a rough translation from Spanish. It may have been generated, in whole or in part, by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency. Please help to enhance the translation. The original article is under "español" in the "languages" menu in the upper right corner. See this article's entry on Pages needing translation into English for discussion.(June 2022)
Bandera Negra (Black Flag) or Santa Germandat Catalana (Holy Catalan Brotherhood) was the secret, armed sub-organization of the Estat Català political party, founded on May 3, 1925.
Its name referred to the black flag raised by the defenders of Barcelona in the Catalan Campaign (1713-1714) on August 1, 1714, signaling to the Bourbon troops that they would fight to the death and never capitulate.[1] On September 12 they did capitulate, however, thus ending the cause of the Archduke of Austria. However, historian Enric Ucelay-Da Cal relates it to "the traditional symbol associated with the will to kill or die".[2]
History
Historian Enric Ucelay-Da Cal explains how Bandera Negra was born:[2]
In Bertrellans Street, a dark alley parallel to the commercial street (then in full development and construction) of Portal de l'Àngel, there was a flat with a small excursion group called the Serra del Cadí. They were few, but many of them would have outstanding performances in the following years. They decided on what would later be called the armed route. With that intention, they took on a clandestine identity and defined themselves as a "secret Catalan brotherhood" with the sonorous and threatening name of Black Flag... They established contact with Manuel Pagès, Cardona's deputy and organizer of new squads or escamots...
The organization had approximately twelve leading members and some sympathizers. The most notable head of the organization was Marcel·lí Perelló, together with Jaume Compte (also a member of the Autonomous Center of Trade and Industry Dependents). Notable members include: Miquel Badia, Daniel Cardona (head abroad), Ramon Xammar, Emili Granier Barrera, Jaume Julià, Joan Bertran and Jaume Balius. It also had committees in Béziers (France) and in Buenos Aires.
Bandera Negra carried out the attack against King Alfonso XIII on the Garraf coast (Garraf plot)[3] and some other impactful armed actions, such as the bomb attack against the house of the Baron of Maldá.
References
^The French knight Jacques de Viguier witnessed how they raised a "drapeau noir avec un tête de mort blanche au milieu" - a black flag with a white skull in the middle - and explained it in the letter he addressed to his uncle the next day, 2 August 1714; "Lettre IV. A bord de "Furieux" à la rade de Barcelonne le 2 août 1714"; transcribed by Jean Audouard in Le Siège de Barcelone in 1714, raconté par un arlésien a un arlésien, p.94
^Crexell, Joan (1988). El complot de Garraf (in Catalan). L'Abadia de Montserrat. ISBN978-84-7202-982-8.
Further reading
Ucelay-Da Cal, Enric (2018). Breve historia del separatismo catalán. Barcelona: B. Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial. ISBN978-84-666-6511-7.
August 25, 2023
bandera, negra, this, article, rough, translation, from, spanish, have, been, generated, whole, part, computer, translator, without, dual, proficiency, please, help, enhance, translation, original, article, under, español, languages, menu, upper, right, corner. This article may be a rough translation from Spanish It may have been generated in whole or in part by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency Please help to enhance the translation The original article is under espanol in the languages menu in the upper right corner See this article s entry on Pages needing translation into English for discussion June 2022 Bandera Negra Black Flag or Santa Germandat Catalana Holy Catalan Brotherhood was the secret armed sub organization of the Estat Catala political party founded on May 3 1925 Bandera NegraDates of operation1925 1926MotivesIndependence of CataloniaIdeologyCatalan independence movement Catalan nationalismIts name referred to the black flag raised by the defenders of Barcelona in the Catalan Campaign 1713 1714 on August 1 1714 signaling to the Bourbon troops that they would fight to the death and never capitulate 1 On September 12 they did capitulate however thus ending the cause of the Archduke of Austria However historian Enric Ucelay Da Cal relates it to the traditional symbol associated with the will to kill or die 2 History EditHistorian Enric Ucelay Da Cal explains how Bandera Negra was born 2 In Bertrellans Street a dark alley parallel to the commercial street then in full development and construction of Portal de l Angel there was a flat with a small excursion group called the Serra del Cadi They were few but many of them would have outstanding performances in the following years They decided on what would later be called the armed route With that intention they took on a clandestine identity and defined themselves as a secret Catalan brotherhood with the sonorous and threatening name of Black Flag They established contact with Manuel Pages Cardona s deputy and organizer of new squads or escamots The organization had approximately twelve leading members and some sympathizers The most notable head of the organization was Marcel li Perello together with Jaume Compte also a member of the Autonomous Center of Trade and Industry Dependents Notable members include Miquel Badia Daniel Cardona head abroad Ramon Xammar Emili Granier Barrera Jaume Julia Joan Bertran and Jaume Balius It also had committees in Beziers France and in Buenos Aires Bandera Negra carried out the attack against King Alfonso XIII on the Garraf coast Garraf plot 3 and some other impactful armed actions such as the bomb attack against the house of the Baron of Malda References The French knight Jacques de Viguier witnessed how they raised a drapeau noir avec un tete de mort blanche au milieu a black flag with a white skull in the middle and explained it in the letter he addressed to his uncle the next day 2 August 1714 Lettre IV A bord de Furieux a la rade de Barcelonne le 2 aout 1714 transcribed by Jean Audouard in Le Siege de Barcelone in 1714 raconte par un arlesien a un arlesien p 94 a b Ucelay Da Cal 2018 p 101 Crexell Joan 1988 El complot de Garraf in Catalan L Abadia de Montserrat ISBN 978 84 7202 982 8 Further reading EditUcelay Da Cal Enric 2018 Breve historia del separatismo catalan Barcelona B Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial ISBN 978 84 666 6511 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bandera Negra amp oldid 1165973653, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
