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Bagley-class destroyer

April 12, 2024

The Bagley class of eight destroyers was built for the United States Navy. They were part of a series of USN destroyers limited to 1,500 tons standard displacement by the London Naval Treaty and built in the 1930s.[2] All eight ships were ordered and laid down in 1935 and subsequently completed in 1937. Their layout was based on the concurrently-built Gridley class destroyer design and was similar to the Benham class as well; all three classes were notable for including sixteen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, the heaviest torpedo armament ever on US destroyers.[3] They retained the fuel-efficient power plants of the Mahan-class destroyers, and thus had a slightly lower speed than the Gridleys. However, they had the extended range of the Mahans, 1,400 nautical miles (2,600 km) farther than the Gridleys.[4] The Bagley class destroyers were readily distinguished visually by the prominent external trunking of the boiler uptakes around their single stack.

USS Mugford on 28 April 1944
Class overview
NameBagley-class destroyer
Builders
Operators United States Navy
Preceded byGridley class
Succeeded bySomers class
Built1935–37
In commission1937–46
Completed8
Lost3
Retired5
General characteristics
TypeDestroyer
Displacement
  • 1,407 tons (light),
  • 1,624 tons (standard),
  • 2,245 tons (full load)
Length341 ft 8 in (104.14 m)
Beam35 ft 6 in (10.82 m)
Draft
  • 10 ft 4 in (3.15 m) light
  • 12 ft 10 in (3.91 m) full
Installed power
Propulsion2 shafts
Speed36.8 knots (68.2 km/h) on trials
Range6,940 nmi (12,850 km; 7,990 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Complement
  • 8 officers, 150 enlisted (peacetime)
  • 251 (wartime)
Sensors and
processing systems
Armament

All eight Bagley-class destroyers were present at the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. They all served in the Pacific during World War II, with Jarvis, Blue, and Henley lost in combat. In 1944 Mugford suffered extensive damage from a kamikaze hit that put her out of combat for six months. Ralph Talbot later received a kamikaze hit off Okinawa. After the war, Bagley, Helm, and Patterson were decommissioned in 1945 and scrapped in 1947. Mugford and Ralph Talbot, still in commission, were targets during the Operation Crossroads atomic bomb tests at Bikini atoll in 1946. Contaminated by radiation, they were scuttled off Kwajalein in 1948.[5]

Design edit

The eight Bagleys were part of a series of three classes with similar characteristics laid down 1935-1937. The other two were the Gridley class (4 ships) and the Benham class (10 ships). All three featured four 5-inch (127 mm) dual purpose guns (anti-surface and anti-aircraft) and sixteen 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four quadruple mounts as built, the largest number of torpedo tubes on any US destroyers.[3] Although all had only one stack, they differed primarily in their machinery. The Bagleys were a Navy design that duplicated the machinery of the preceding long-range Mahan class; this led to their prominent boiler uptakes around the single stack that were their main recognition feature. The Gridleys were designed by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Company with advanced high-pressure boilers (also built by Bethlehem) but turbines generally similar to the earlier Farragut class, which limited their range. The Benhams were a Gibbs & Cox design with another new boiler design that allowed a reduction from four boilers to three, with an efficient turbine arrangement resembling the Mahans'.[2][3][6]

Engineering edit

The Bagleys' propulsion plant repeated that of the Mahans. Steam pressure was 400 psi (2,800 kPa), superheated to 700 °F (371 °C).[7][2][4] Features that improved fuel economy included boiler economizers, double reduction gearing, and cruising turbines. The ships' range was 6,940 nmi (12,850 km; 7,990 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), 1,400 nmi (2,600 km; 1,600 mi) farther than the Gridleys. The engines developed 47,191 shp (35,190 kW) on Bagley's trials.[4] The main turbines were manufactured by General Electric.[7] Each main turbine was divided into a high-pressure (HP) and a low-pressure (LP) turbine feeding into a common reduction gear to drive a shaft, in a similar manner to the machinery illustrated at the following reference.[8] Steam from the boilers was supplied to the HP turbine, which exhausted to the LP turbine, which exhausted to a condenser. The cruising turbines were geared to the HP turbines and could be engaged or disengaged as needed; at low speeds they were operated in series with the HP turbines to improve the efficiency of the overall turbine arrangement, thus improving fuel economy.

Armament edit

The Bagleys had the same armament as the Gridleys and Benhams: four 5-inch (127 mm) dual purpose guns (anti-surface and anti-aircraft (AA)) in single mounts and sixteen 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in quadruple mounts.[3] The class was initially equipped with the Mark 11 torpedo or Mark 12 torpedo, which were replaced by the Mark 15 torpedo beginning in 1938.[9] This was the heaviest armament in torpedoes ever on US destroyers. Compared with the Mahans, they sacrificed one gun for four additional torpedo tubes. It was suggested that these ships could use "curved ahead fire", using the adjustable post-launch gyro angle of their torpedoes to launch a sixteen-torpedo spread ahead of the ship.[3] One reason for the heavy destroyer torpedo armament was that, alone among the major navies, the last nine of the seventeen US Treaty cruisers built in the 1920s and 1930s lacked torpedoes; eventually all of the US Treaty cruisers' torpedoes were removed in 1941 in favor of additional heavy AA guns.[10]

As with most other US destroyers of this period, the 5-inch guns featured all-angle power loading and were director controlled, making them as effective as the technology allowed against aircraft. By late 1942, radio proximity fuses (VT fuses) made them much more effective. As in the last two Mahans, the two forward 5-inch guns were in enclosed mounts, while the aft guns were open. However, in common with all US surface combatants in the 1930s, the light AA armament was weak; only four .50 caliber machine guns (12.7 mm) were equipped. It was apparently felt that the heavy AA armament would shoot down most incoming aircraft in all situations, but the attack on Pearl Harbor showed that this was not true.[11] The Bagleys' weak AA armament was partially remedied after Pearl Harbor by replacing the machine guns with one twin 40 mm Bofors (1.6 in) mount and six 20 mm Oerlikon cannon (0.8 in).[12] While most American destroyers had some or all torpedo tubes replaced by light AA guns during World War II, the Bagleys did not.[13]

As with their contemporaries, the Bagleys' anti-submarine warfare (ASW) armament started with two depth charge racks aft. Photographs show that these were augmented during World War II by four K-gun depth charge throwers on at least some ships.[12]

Service edit

All eight Bagley-class destroyers were present at the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, comprising Destroyer Squadron Four. They all served in the Pacific during World War II, with Jarvis, Blue, and Henley lost in combat. In 1944 Mugford suffered extensive damage from a kamikaze hit that put her out of combat for six months. The remaining four Bagleys continued to operate as Destroyer Squadron Six, with Ralph Talbot receiving a kamikaze hit off Okinawa. Bagley accepted the surrender of Japanese forces on Marcus Island. Bagley, Helm, and Patterson were decommissioned in 1945 and scrapped in 1947. Mugford and Ralph Talbot, still in commission, were targets during the Operation Crossroads atomic bomb tests at Bikini atoll in 1946. Contaminated by radiation, they were scuttled off Kwajalein in 1948.[5]

Ships in class edit

Ships of the Bagley destroyer class[14]
Name Hull no. Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Decommissioned Fate Ref
Bagley DD-386 Norfolk Navy Yard 31 July 1935 3 September 1936 12 June 1937 14 June 1946 Sold for scrap, 8 September 1947 [15]
Blue DD-387 25 September 1935 27 May 1937 14 August 1937 — Sunk by enemy action off Guadalcanal, 22 August 1942 [16]
Helm DD-388 16 October 1937 26 June 1946 Sold for scrap, 2 October 1947 [17]
Mugford DD-389 Boston Navy Yard 28 October 1935 31 October 1936 16 August 1937 29 August 1946 Scuttled off Kwajalein, 22 March 1948 [18]
Ralph Talbot DD-390 14 October 1937 29 August 1946 Scuttled off Kwajalein, 8 March 1948 [19]
Henley DD-391 Mare Island Navy Yard 28 October 1935 12 January 1937 14 August 1937 — Sunk by enemy action off New Guinea, 3 October 1943 [20]
Patterson DD-392 Puget Sound Navy Yard 23 July 1935 6 May 1937 22 September 1937 8 November 1945 Sold for scrap, 18 August 1947 [21]
Jarvis DD-393 21 August 1935 27 October 1937 — Sunk by enemy action off Guadalcanal, 9 August 1942 [22]

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bagley class destroyers.

References edit

  1. ^ Friedman p. 408
  2. ^ a b c Comparison of 1500-ton classes at Destroyer History Foundation February 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ a b c d e Friedman, pp. 90-91
  4. ^ a b c Friedman, pp. 468-469
  5. ^ a b Bagley-class destroyers 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine at Destroyer History Foundation February 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Bauer and Roberts, pp. 186-187
  7. ^ a b Bagley class General Information Book with as-built data at Destroyer History Foundation February 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ . Archived from the original on 26 November 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  9. ^ "Torpedo History: Torpedo Mk 11, Mk 12 and Torpedo Mk 15". Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  10. ^ Gardiner and Chesneau, pp. 112-116
  11. ^ Friedman, pp. 203-204
  12. ^ a b USS Ralph Talbot photo gallery at NavSource.org
  13. ^ Friedman, pp. 208-209
  14. ^ Bauer and Roberts, p. 186
  15. ^ "Bagley". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  16. ^ "Blue". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  17. ^ "Helm". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  18. ^ "Mugford". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  19. ^ "Ralph Talbot". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  20. ^ "Henley (DD-391) ii". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  21. ^ "Patterson (DD-392) ii". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  22. ^ "Jarvis". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2015.

Works cited edit

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.

  • Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775-1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
  • Friedman, Norman (2004). US Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History (Revised ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-442-3.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-83170-303-2.
  • Silverstone, Paul H. (1965). U.S. Warships of World War II. London: Ian Allan Ltd.

External links edit

  • at
  • Bagley class General Information Book with as-built data at
  • Tin Can Sailors @ Destroyers.org - Bagley class destroyer 15 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  • NavSource Destroyer Photo Index Page

April 12, 2024
bagley, class, destroyer, bagley, class, eight, destroyers, built, united, states, navy, they, were, part, series, destroyers, limited, tons, standard, displacement, london, naval, treaty, built, 1930s, eight, ships, were, ordered, laid, down, 1935, subsequent. The Bagley class of eight destroyers was built for the United States Navy They were part of a series of USN destroyers limited to 1 500 tons standard displacement by the London Naval Treaty and built in the 1930s 2 All eight ships were ordered and laid down in 1935 and subsequently completed in 1937 Their layout was based on the concurrently built Gridley class destroyer design and was similar to the Benham class as well all three classes were notable for including sixteen 21 inch 533 mm torpedo tubes the heaviest torpedo armament ever on US destroyers 3 They retained the fuel efficient power plants of the Mahan class destroyers and thus had a slightly lower speed than the Gridleys However they had the extended range of the Mahans 1 400 nautical miles 2 600 km farther than the Gridleys 4 The Bagley class destroyers were readily distinguished visually by the prominent external trunking of the boiler uptakes around their single stack USS Mugford on 28 April 1944Class overviewNameBagley class destroyerBuildersNorfolk Naval Shipyard 3 Boston Navy Yard 2 Puget Sound Naval Shipyard 2 Mare Island Naval Shipyard 1 Operators United States NavyPreceded byGridley classSucceeded bySomers classBuilt1935 37In commission1937 46Completed8Lost3Retired5General characteristicsTypeDestroyerDisplacement1 407 tons light 1 624 tons standard 2 245 tons full load Length341 ft 8 in 104 14 m Beam35 ft 6 in 10 82 m Draft10 ft 4 in 3 15 m light 12 ft 10 in 3 91 m fullInstalled power4 Babcock amp Wilcox boilers 2 geared steam turbines 47 191 shp 35 190 kW on trialsPropulsion2 shaftsSpeed36 8 knots 68 2 km h on trialsRange6 940 nmi 12 850 km 7 990 mi at 12 knots 22 km h 14 mph Complement8 officers 150 enlisted peacetime 251 wartime Sensors and processing systemsMk33 GFCS 1 1 SC radarArmamentAs built 4 5 inch 127 mm 38 caliber guns 4 50 caliber machine guns 12 7 mm 16 21 inch 533 mm torpedo tubes 4 4 2 Depth charge racks Circa 1943 4 5 inch 127 mm 38 caliber guns 2 40 mm Bofors cannon 1 6 in 1 2 6 20 mm Oerlikon cannon 0 8 in 16 21 inch 533 mm torpedo tubes 4 4 4 K gun depth charge throwers 2 Depth charge racksAll eight Bagley class destroyers were present at the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 They all served in the Pacific during World War II with Jarvis Blue and Henley lost in combat In 1944 Mugford suffered extensive damage from a kamikaze hit that put her out of combat for six months Ralph Talbot later received a kamikaze hit off Okinawa After the war Bagley Helm and Patterson were decommissioned in 1945 and scrapped in 1947 Mugford and Ralph Talbot still in commission were targets during the Operation Crossroads atomic bomb tests at Bikini atoll in 1946 Contaminated by radiation they were scuttled off Kwajalein in 1948 5 Contents 1 Design 1 1 Engineering 2 Armament 3 Service 4 Ships in class 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Works cited 7 External linksDesign editThe eight Bagleys were part of a series of three classes with similar characteristics laid down 1935 1937 The other two were the Gridley class 4 ships and the Benham class 10 ships All three featured four 5 inch 127 mm dual purpose guns anti surface and anti aircraft and sixteen 21 inch 533 mm torpedo tubes in four quadruple mounts as built the largest number of torpedo tubes on any US destroyers 3 Although all had only one stack they differed primarily in their machinery The Bagleys were a Navy design that duplicated the machinery of the preceding long range Mahan class this led to their prominent boiler uptakes around the single stack that were their main recognition feature The Gridleys were designed by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Company with advanced high pressure boilers also built by Bethlehem but turbines generally similar to the earlier Farragut class which limited their range The Benhams were a Gibbs amp Cox design with another new boiler design that allowed a reduction from four boilers to three with an efficient turbine arrangement resembling the Mahans 2 3 6 Engineering edit The Bagleys propulsion plant repeated that of the Mahans Steam pressure was 400 psi 2 800 kPa superheated to 700 F 371 C 7 2 4 Features that improved fuel economy included boiler economizers double reduction gearing and cruising turbines The ships range was 6 940 nmi 12 850 km 7 990 mi at 12 knots 22 km h 14 mph 1 400 nmi 2 600 km 1 600 mi farther than the Gridleys The engines developed 47 191 shp 35 190 kW on Bagley s trials 4 The main turbines were manufactured by General Electric 7 Each main turbine was divided into a high pressure HP and a low pressure LP turbine feeding into a common reduction gear to drive a shaft in a similar manner to the machinery illustrated at the following reference 8 Steam from the boilers was supplied to the HP turbine which exhausted to the LP turbine which exhausted to a condenser The cruising turbines were geared to the HP turbines and could be engaged or disengaged as needed at low speeds they were operated in series with the HP turbines to improve the efficiency of the overall turbine arrangement thus improving fuel economy Armament editThe Bagleys had the same armament as the Gridleys and Benhams four 5 inch 127 mm dual purpose guns anti surface and anti aircraft AA in single mounts and sixteen 21 inch 533 mm torpedo tubes in quadruple mounts 3 The class was initially equipped with the Mark 11 torpedo or Mark 12 torpedo which were replaced by the Mark 15 torpedo beginning in 1938 9 This was the heaviest armament in torpedoes ever on US destroyers Compared with the Mahans they sacrificed one gun for four additional torpedo tubes It was suggested that these ships could use curved ahead fire using the adjustable post launch gyro angle of their torpedoes to launch a sixteen torpedo spread ahead of the ship 3 One reason for the heavy destroyer torpedo armament was that alone among the major navies the last nine of the seventeen US Treaty cruisers built in the 1920s and 1930s lacked torpedoes eventually all of the US Treaty cruisers torpedoes were removed in 1941 in favor of additional heavy AA guns 10 As with most other US destroyers of this period the 5 inch guns featured all angle power loading and were director controlled making them as effective as the technology allowed against aircraft By late 1942 radio proximity fuses VT fuses made them much more effective As in the last two Mahans the two forward 5 inch guns were in enclosed mounts while the aft guns were open However in common with all US surface combatants in the 1930s the light AA armament was weak only four 50 caliber machine guns 12 7 mm were equipped It was apparently felt that the heavy AA armament would shoot down most incoming aircraft in all situations but the attack on Pearl Harbor showed that this was not true 11 The Bagleys weak AA armament was partially remedied after Pearl Harbor by replacing the machine guns with one twin 40 mm Bofors 1 6 in mount and six 20 mm Oerlikon cannon 0 8 in 12 While most American destroyers had some or all torpedo tubes replaced by light AA guns during World War II the Bagleys did not 13 As with their contemporaries the Bagleys anti submarine warfare ASW armament started with two depth charge racks aft Photographs show that these were augmented during World War II by four K gun depth charge throwers on at least some ships 12 Service editAll eight Bagley class destroyers were present at the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 comprising Destroyer Squadron Four They all served in the Pacific during World War II with Jarvis Blue and Henley lost in combat In 1944 Mugford suffered extensive damage from a kamikaze hit that put her out of combat for six months The remaining four Bagleys continued to operate as Destroyer Squadron Six with Ralph Talbot receiving a kamikaze hit off Okinawa Bagley accepted the surrender of Japanese forces on Marcus Island Bagley Helm and Patterson were decommissioned in 1945 and scrapped in 1947 Mugford and Ralph Talbot still in commission were targets during the Operation Crossroads atomic bomb tests at Bikini atoll in 1946 Contaminated by radiation they were scuttled off Kwajalein in 1948 5 Ships in class editShips of the Bagley destroyer class 14 Name Hull no Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Decommissioned Fate RefBagley DD 386 Norfolk Navy Yard 31 July 1935 3 September 1936 12 June 1937 14 June 1946 Sold for scrap 8 September 1947 15 Blue DD 387 25 September 1935 27 May 1937 14 August 1937 Sunk by enemy action off Guadalcanal 22 August 1942 16 Helm DD 388 16 October 1937 26 June 1946 Sold for scrap 2 October 1947 17 Mugford DD 389 Boston Navy Yard 28 October 1935 31 October 1936 16 August 1937 29 August 1946 Scuttled off Kwajalein 22 March 1948 18 Ralph Talbot DD 390 14 October 1937 29 August 1946 Scuttled off Kwajalein 8 March 1948 19 Henley DD 391 Mare Island Navy Yard 28 October 1935 12 January 1937 14 August 1937 Sunk by enemy action off New Guinea 3 October 1943 20 Patterson DD 392 Puget Sound Navy Yard 23 July 1935 6 May 1937 22 September 1937 8 November 1945 Sold for scrap 18 August 1947 21 Jarvis DD 393 21 August 1935 27 October 1937 Sunk by enemy action off Guadalcanal 9 August 1942 22 See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bagley class destroyers Gridley class destroyer Benham class destroyer List of destroyer classes of the United States Navy List of United States Navy losses in World War II List of ship classes of the Second World WarReferences edit Friedman p 408 a b c Comparison of 1500 ton classes at Destroyer History Foundation Archived February 19 2009 at the Wayback Machine a b c d e Friedman pp 90 91 a b c Friedman pp 468 469 a b Bagley class destroyers Archived 2011 07 07 at the Wayback Machine at Destroyer History Foundation Archived February 19 2009 at the Wayback Machine Bauer and Roberts pp 186 187 a b Bagley class General Information Book with as built data at Destroyer History Foundation Archived February 19 2009 at the Wayback Machine Turbine and reduction gear illustration at the Leander Project Archived from the original on 26 November 2014 Retrieved 28 June 2015 Torpedo History Torpedo Mk 11 Mk 12 and Torpedo Mk 15 Retrieved 7 July 2015 Gardiner and Chesneau pp 112 116 Friedman pp 203 204 a b USS Ralph Talbot photo gallery at NavSource org Friedman pp 208 209 Bauer and Roberts p 186 Bagley Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Naval History and Heritage Command Retrieved 3 February 2015 Blue Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Naval History and Heritage Command Retrieved 3 February 2015 Helm Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Naval History and Heritage Command Retrieved 3 February 2015 Mugford Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Naval History and Heritage Command Retrieved 3 February 2015 Ralph Talbot Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Naval History and Heritage Command Retrieved 3 February 2015 Henley DD 391 ii Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Naval History and Heritage Command Retrieved 3 February 2015 Patterson DD 392 ii Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Naval History and Heritage Command Retrieved 3 February 2015 Jarvis Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Naval History and Heritage Command Retrieved 3 February 2015 Works cited edit This article incorporates text from the public domainDictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Bauer K Jack Roberts Stephen S 1991 Register of Ships of the U S Navy 1775 1990 Major Combatants Westport Connecticut Greenwood Press ISBN 0 313 26202 0 Friedman Norman 2004 US Destroyers An Illustrated Design History Revised ed Annapolis Naval Institute Press ISBN 1 55750 442 3 Gardiner Robert Chesneau Roger 1980 Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1922 1946 London Conway Maritime Press ISBN 0 83170 303 2 Silverstone Paul H 1965 U S Warships of World War II London Ian Allan Ltd External links editBagley class destroyers at Destroyer History Foundation Bagley class General Information Book with as built data at Destroyer History Foundation Tin Can Sailors Destroyers org Bagley class destroyer Archived 15 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine NavSource Destroyer Photo Index Page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bagley class destroyer amp oldid 1176555300, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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