A backup camera (also called a reversing camera or rear-view camera) is a special type of video camera that is produced specifically for the purpose of being attached to the rear of a vehicle to aid in backing up and to alleviate the rear blind spot. It is designed to avoid a backup collision. The area directly behind vehicles has been described as a "killing zone" due to associated accidents.[1] Backup cameras are usually connected to the vehicle head unit display. A common variant is a Surround View system, which assembles a synthetic but positionally accurate top-down view of the vehicle and its adjacencies.
Backup camera view on the navigation screen of a Lexus IS 250
Backup cameras have been regulated by law in Canada and the United States since 2018. Backup cameras are increasingly common on new vehicles and beginning in May 2018 they are now required on all new automobiles sold in the United States.[2]
The design of a backup camera is distinct from other cameras in that the image is horizontally flipped so that the output is a mirror image.[3] This is necessary because the camera and the driver face opposite directions, and without it, the camera's right would be on the driver's left and vice versa. A mirrored image makes the orientation of the display consistent with the physical mirrors installed on the vehicle. A backup camera typically uses a wide-angle or fisheye lens. While such a lens impairs the camera's ability to see faraway objects, it allows the camera to see an uninterrupted horizontal path from one rear corner to the other. The camera is typically pointed at a downward angle to view potential obstacles on the ground.
Backup cameras make use of dashboard screens that are also used with GPS navigation systems. Inside the vehicle, the display is typically wired to automatically sense when the transmission is set in reverse, showing the backup view on the dashboard screen while the vehicle is in reverse and/or providing grid guidelines by detecting the parking lot markings to aid the driver.
Variations
Backup cameras are produced in different varieties depending on the application.
Backup cameras can be added as aftermarket additions to vehicles that do not come with factory-fitted systems. They are available in both wired and wireless versions.
For large vehicles such as motorhomes, camera systems with built-in servomechanisms allow the driver to remotely pan and tilt the camera.
Wireless Backup Cameras come with a wireless camera and receiver, which make it easier and cheaper to install them.[3]
Built-in audio intercoms (one-way or two-way) are used in addition to the camera system for communicating with a spotter outside the vehicle - common when backing large trailers or launching boats.
Night vision cameras use a series of infrared lights for backing in the dark, when the positioning or the intensity of the vehicle's white reverse lights are insufficient for this purpose.
Portable or semi-permanent all-in-one camera systems, also known as dashboard cameras or dashcams, are typically sold for vehicles that don't have displays permanently installed in the dash. Such systems consist of a small portable screen that can be affixed on the dashboard or on a rearview mirror, and a length of wire to reach the cameras, including a backup camera.
Some backup and rear cameras are connected to displays on the rearview mirror and are used in vehicles to detect activity behind the car to "avoid the tooling, software, hardware, and testing costs associated with integrating the display/feature in other areas of the vehicle."
License-plate-frame versions permit installation without any permanent vehicle modifications.
Custom cameras: brake light cameras are combination devices that contain a camera, while still illuminating as a brake light. Some backup cameras also use a combination of LEDs surrounding the camera lens to illuminate the surroundings while in use.
History
The first backup camera was used in the 1956 Buick Centurion concept car,[4] presented in January 1956 at the General Motors Motorama. The vehicle had a rear-mounted television camera that sent images to a TV screen on the dashboard in place of the rear-view mirror.[5]
The first production automobile to incorporate a backup camera was the 1991 Toyota Soarer Limited (UZZ31 and UZZ32), which was only available in Japan and not on U.S. counterpart Lexus SC. The Toyota system used a color EMV screen, with a rear-spoiler-mounted CCD camera. The system was discontinued in 1997. In April 2000, Nissan's Infiniti division introduced the RearView Monitor on the 2002 Infiniti Q45 flagship sedan at the 2000 New York International Auto Show. Using coloured onscreen guide lines as a parking distance parameter, the RearView Monitor operated from a license-plate-mounted camera in the trunk that transmitted a mirrored image to an 7-inch in-dash LCD screen. It was available as optional equipment upon North American launch in March 2001.[8][9] The 2002 Nissan Primera introduced the RearView Monitor backup camera system to territories outside Japan and North America.
Aftermarket options for cars have been available for some time. Electronics manufacturers have made multiple car upgrades available that can be installed by professionals without replacing the car's center console.
Others
Other types of camera systems can give a more comprehensive view.
Infiniti introduced the first surround-view cameras, making the system available on the 2008 EX35 and marketing it as the Around View Monitor. The system used four cameras located at the front, back and sides of the vehicle, feeding images to an image processing unit to analyze, assemble and synthesize inputs together to create a synthetic but positionally accurate top-down view of the car and its surroundings. In most modern systems, the pictures appear in such detail that it's difficult to believe they were not taken from above the vehicle.[10][11]
BMW introduced their competing system called Surround View in 2009 on the F10 5 Series.[12] Other automobile manufacturers have since offered similar systems, e.g., Bird's Eye View Camera (Toyota), or Surround Vision (Chevrolet). Collectively, J.D. Power calls such systems surround-view cameras.
This is an advanced type of reversing camera that does not require the use of cables between the camera itself and the display. It functions remotely. Wireless rear-view cameras usually have separate sources of power from the display.[14] The cameras are usually powered by the same power source as the brake and thus switch on automatically when the reverse gear is engaged. The majority of these backup cameras come with a transmitter near the camera and a receiver near the display for relaying signals and live images. Some models, such as the Pearl RearVision backup camera, made by Pearl Automation, used solar energy for power.[3] The display for these types of backup camera can be powered from the 12-volt socket on the car's dashboard. Some of the displays are also integrated on the rear-view mirror thereby giving it a multipurpose function. Some models also sync directly with a mobile phone using an app which then acts as the display. The main advantage of this type of backup camera is that it is extremely easy to install and rarely requires professional installation. The installation of these cameras also does not interfere with a car's look as minimal to no drilling or laying of wires is required. However, some wireless cameras are quite expensive.
Blind spot monitors and other technology
Honda's LaneWatch provides an 80° field of view that is displaced on the navigation screen with guidelines to help the driver judge distance behind the rear bumper of the vehicle.
Blind spot monitors are an option that may include more than monitoring the sides of the vehicle. It can include "Cross Traffic Alert", which alerts drivers backing out of a parking space when traffic is approaching from the sides.[15][16][17]
Mandates
In the United States, the Cameron Gulbransen Kids Transportation Safety Act of 2007[18] required the United States Department of Transportation to issue backup-collision-safety regulations within three years and require full compliance within four years after final rulemaking.[19]
The law specified a statutory deadline of February 2011 for issuing the final regulations. However, under the Obama administration, the USDOT repeatedly granted itself extensions to the deadline, claiming it needed more time to analyze costs and benefits of the requirement.[20] In September 2013, Greg Gulbransen, the father of the child whom the law was named after, along with a group of consumers and advocates submitted a petition to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, demanding that the USDOT implement regulations on backup cameras within 90 days.[21] About half of model year 2012 automobiles were equipped with backup cameras.[19][22]
On March 31, 2014, three years past its deadline, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced that it would require all automobiles sold in the United States built beginning in May 2018 to include backup cameras.[23] On October 31, 2016, Transport Canada issued a similar mandate beginning at the same time.[24]
^"The danger of blind zones: The area behind your vehicle can be a killing zone". Consumer Reports. Consumers Union. March 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
^Bomey, Nathan (May 2, 2018). "Backup cameras now required on new cars in the US". USA Today. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
^ abc. January 9, 2019. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
^Florea, Ciprian (2021-02-20). "The Buick Centurion Was So Futuristic That It Had a Rear-View Camera in 1956". autoevolution. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
^"Buick Centurion". CNET. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
^. EuroSport Tuning. Archived from the original on 2021-12-26. Retrieved 2018-08-25.
^ ab"Government Backs Up On Rearview Car Cameras". National Public Radio. 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
^Rowell, Arden (30 May 2012). "Valuing the Rear-view Camera Rule". The Regulatory Review.
^"As Death Toll Grows, Obama Administration's Transportation Department Sued for Failing to Issue Auto Safety Rule Mandated by Congress". Public Citizen.
^"Group Sues Transportation Dept. Over Rearview Camera Delays". Autoblog. AOL. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
^Woodyard, Chris (31 March 2014). "NHTSA to require backup cameras on all vehicles". USA Today. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
^"Transport Canada making back-up cameras mandatory in new cars starting May 2018". CBC News. Canadian Press. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Backup camera.
"The danger of blind zones The area behind your vehicle can be a killing zone". Consumer Reports. Consumers Union. March 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
May 04, 2023
backup, camera, this, article, contains, content, that, written, like, advertisement, please, help, improve, removing, promotional, content, inappropriate, external, links, adding, encyclopedic, content, written, from, neutral, point, view, november, 2022, lea. This article contains content that is written like an advertisement Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view November 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message A backup camera also called a reversing camera or rear view camera is a special type of video camera that is produced specifically for the purpose of being attached to the rear of a vehicle to aid in backing up and to alleviate the rear blind spot It is designed to avoid a backup collision The area directly behind vehicles has been described as a killing zone due to associated accidents 1 Backup cameras are usually connected to the vehicle head unit display A common variant is a Surround View system which assembles a synthetic but positionally accurate top down view of the vehicle and its adjacencies Backup camera view on the navigation screen of a Lexus IS 250 Backup camera on Volkswagen Golf Mk7 hidden inside the logo Backup cameras have been regulated by law in Canada and the United States since 2018 Backup cameras are increasingly common on new vehicles and beginning in May 2018 they are now required on all new automobiles sold in the United States 2 Contents 1 Function 2 Variations 3 History 4 Others 4 1 Surround view cameras 4 2 Side mirror 4 3 Wireless Backup Camera 5 Blind spot monitors and other technology 6 Mandates 7 See also 8 Notes 9 External linksFunction EditThe design of a backup camera is distinct from other cameras in that the image is horizontally flipped so that the output is a mirror image 3 This is necessary because the camera and the driver face opposite directions and without it the camera s right would be on the driver s left and vice versa A mirrored image makes the orientation of the display consistent with the physical mirrors installed on the vehicle A backup camera typically uses a wide angle or fisheye lens While such a lens impairs the camera s ability to see faraway objects it allows the camera to see an uninterrupted horizontal path from one rear corner to the other The camera is typically pointed at a downward angle to view potential obstacles on the ground Backup cameras make use of dashboard screens that are also used with GPS navigation systems Inside the vehicle the display is typically wired to automatically sense when the transmission is set in reverse showing the backup view on the dashboard screen while the vehicle is in reverse and or providing grid guidelines by detecting the parking lot markings to aid the driver Variations EditBackup cameras are produced in different varieties depending on the application Backup cameras can be added as aftermarket additions to vehicles that do not come with factory fitted systems They are available in both wired and wireless versions For large vehicles such as motorhomes camera systems with built in servomechanisms allow the driver to remotely pan and tilt the camera Wireless Backup Cameras come with a wireless camera and receiver which make it easier and cheaper to install them 3 Built in audio intercoms one way or two way are used in addition to the camera system for communicating with a spotter outside the vehicle common when backing large trailers or launching boats Night vision cameras use a series of infrared lights for backing in the dark when the positioning or the intensity of the vehicle s white reverse lights are insufficient for this purpose 2013 2014 Honda Ridgeline rearview mirror backup camera with distance guidelines Portable or semi permanent all in one camera systems also known as dashboard cameras or dashcams are typically sold for vehicles that don t have displays permanently installed in the dash Such systems consist of a small portable screen that can be affixed on the dashboard or on a rearview mirror and a length of wire to reach the cameras including a backup camera Some backup and rear cameras are connected to displays on the rearview mirror and are used in vehicles to detect activity behind the car to avoid the tooling software hardware and testing costs associated with integrating the display feature in other areas of the vehicle License plate frame versions permit installation without any permanent vehicle modifications Custom cameras brake light cameras are combination devices that contain a camera while still illuminating as a brake light Some backup cameras also use a combination of LEDs surrounding the camera lens to illuminate the surroundings while in use History EditThe first backup camera was used in the 1956 Buick Centurion concept car 4 presented in January 1956 at the General Motors Motorama The vehicle had a rear mounted television camera that sent images to a TV screen on the dashboard in place of the rear view mirror 5 Later the 1972 Volvo Experimental Safety Car VESC had a backup camera However the camera did not make it into the following Volvo 240 model 6 7 The first production automobile to incorporate a backup camera was the 1991 Toyota Soarer Limited UZZ31 and UZZ32 which was only available in Japan and not on U S counterpart Lexus SC The Toyota system used a color EMV screen with a rear spoiler mounted CCD camera The system was discontinued in 1997 In April 2000 Nissan s Infiniti division introduced the RearView Monitor on the 2002 Infiniti Q45 flagship sedan at the 2000 New York International Auto Show Using coloured onscreen guide lines as a parking distance parameter the RearView Monitor operated from a license plate mounted camera in the trunk that transmitted a mirrored image to an 7 inch in dash LCD screen It was available as optional equipment upon North American launch in March 2001 8 9 The 2002 Nissan Primera introduced the RearView Monitor backup camera system to territories outside Japan and North America Aftermarket options for cars have been available for some time Electronics manufacturers have made multiple car upgrades available that can be installed by professionals without replacing the car s center console Others EditOther types of camera systems can give a more comprehensive view Surround view cameras Edit Around View Monitor on a Nissan Elgrand Infiniti introduced the first surround view cameras making the system available on the 2008 EX35 and marketing it as the Around View Monitor The system used four cameras located at the front back and sides of the vehicle feeding images to an image processing unit to analyze assemble and synthesize inputs together to create a synthetic but positionally accurate top down view of the car and its surroundings In most modern systems the pictures appear in such detail that it s difficult to believe they were not taken from above the vehicle 10 11 BMW introduced their competing system called Surround View in 2009 on the F10 5 Series 12 Other automobile manufacturers have since offered similar systems e g Bird s Eye View Camera Toyota or Surround Vision Chevrolet Collectively J D Power calls such systems surround view cameras Side mirror Edit First offered in October 2018 the Japanese market Lexus ES can be optioned with cameras as side view mirrors This feature is also offered as an option on the Audi Q8 e tron and Hyundai Ioniq 5 13 Wireless Backup Camera Edit This is an advanced type of reversing camera that does not require the use of cables between the camera itself and the display It functions remotely Wireless rear view cameras usually have separate sources of power from the display 14 The cameras are usually powered by the same power source as the brake and thus switch on automatically when the reverse gear is engaged The majority of these backup cameras come with a transmitter near the camera and a receiver near the display for relaying signals and live images Some models such as the Pearl RearVision backup camera made by Pearl Automation used solar energy for power 3 The display for these types of backup camera can be powered from the 12 volt socket on the car s dashboard Some of the displays are also integrated on the rear view mirror thereby giving it a multipurpose function Some models also sync directly with a mobile phone using an app which then acts as the display The main advantage of this type of backup camera is that it is extremely easy to install and rarely requires professional installation The installation of these cameras also does not interfere with a car s look as minimal to no drilling or laying of wires is required However some wireless cameras are quite expensive Blind spot monitors and other technology Edit Honda s LaneWatch provides an 80 field of view that is displaced on the navigation screen with guidelines to help the driver judge distance behind the rear bumper of the vehicle Blind spot monitors are an option that may include more than monitoring the sides of the vehicle It can include Cross Traffic Alert which alerts drivers backing out of a parking space when traffic is approaching from the sides 15 16 17 Mandates EditIn the United States the Cameron Gulbransen Kids Transportation Safety Act of 2007 18 required the United States Department of Transportation to issue backup collision safety regulations within three years and require full compliance within four years after final rulemaking 19 The law specified a statutory deadline of February 2011 for issuing the final regulations However under the Obama administration the USDOT repeatedly granted itself extensions to the deadline claiming it needed more time to analyze costs and benefits of the requirement 20 In September 2013 Greg Gulbransen the father of the child whom the law was named after along with a group of consumers and advocates submitted a petition to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals demanding that the USDOT implement regulations on backup cameras within 90 days 21 About half of model year 2012 automobiles were equipped with backup cameras 19 22 On March 31 2014 three years past its deadline the U S National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced that it would require all automobiles sold in the United States built beginning in May 2018 to include backup cameras 23 On October 31 2016 Transport Canada issued a similar mandate beginning at the same time 24 See also EditAutomatic parking Blind spot monitor Collision avoidance system Experimental Safety Vehicle ESV Intelligent Parking Assist System Intelligent car Lane departure warning system Omniview technology Parking sensors RCA Waterproof Wing mirrorNotes Edit The danger of blind zones The area behind your vehicle can be a killing zone Consumer Reports Consumers Union March 2012 Retrieved August 10 2013 Bomey Nathan May 2 2018 Backup cameras now required on new cars in the US USA Today Retrieved February 6 2023 a b c Best Wireless Backup Camera 2018 Review Buyer s Guide January 9 2019 Archived from the original on March 6 2019 Retrieved September 7 2018 Florea Ciprian 2021 02 20 The Buick Centurion Was So Futuristic That It Had a Rear View Camera in 1956 autoevolution Retrieved 2023 02 13 Buick Centurion CNET Retrieved August 21 2013 VESC The Volvo Before Its Time EuroSport Tuning Archived from the original on 2021 12 26 Retrieved 2018 08 25 Volvo VESC AllCarIndex High Gear Media Staff 2000 New York Auto Show Part I The Car Connection 2002 Infiniti Q45 Sedan Road Test Motor Trend Motor Trend Magazine 1 May 2001 Around View Monitor blogs at cars com Archived from the original on 2010 11 23 Retrieved 2010 08 24 Jack R Nerad October 16 2002 How Does Bird s Eye View Work in Cars J D POWER F10 5 Series The Highlights and Technology November 24 2009 Lexus ES Digital Outer Mirrors to be a world first The Best Wireless Backup Camera for Your Vehicle The SnippingTech The SnippingTech 2017 11 01 Retrieved 2017 11 15 Ford Motor Company 2008 See It Hear It Feel It Ford Seeks Most Effective Driver Warnings for Active Safety Technology Increased warnings indicate potentially hazardous lane changes Gale Cengage Learning Free Library Archived from the original on July 30 2017 Retrieved August 11 2013 Jensen Christopher August 18 2009 Are Blind Spots a Myth The New York Times Retrieved August 9 2013 Automobile Blind Spot Monitoring System Tri City Insurance News January 27 2006 Archived December 13 2009 at the Wayback Machine Pub L 110 189 text PDF a b Government Backs Up On Rearview Car Cameras National Public Radio 2012 03 02 Retrieved 2012 04 20 Rowell Arden 30 May 2012 Valuing the Rear view Camera Rule The Regulatory Review As Death Toll Grows Obama Administration s Transportation Department Sued for Failing to Issue Auto Safety Rule Mandated by Congress Public Citizen Group Sues Transportation Dept Over Rearview Camera Delays Autoblog AOL Retrieved 2 November 2016 Woodyard Chris 31 March 2014 NHTSA to require backup cameras on all vehicles USA Today Retrieved 31 March 2014 Transport Canada making back up cameras mandatory in new cars starting May 2018 CBC News Canadian Press Retrieved 1 November 2016 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Backup camera The danger of blind zones The area behind your vehicle can be a killing zone Consumer Reports Consumers Union March 2012 Retrieved August 10 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Backup camera amp oldid 1145108133, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
