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BN-800 reactor

March 07, 2023

The BN-800 reactor (Russian: реактор БН–800) is a sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor, built at the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station, in Zarechny, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. The reactor is designed to generate 880 MW of electrical power. The plant was considered part of the weapons-grade Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement signed between the United States and Russia, with the reactor being part of the final step for a plutonium-burner core (a core designed to burn and, in the process, destroy, and recover energy from, plutonium) [2] The plant reached its full power production in August 2016.[3] According to Russian business journal Kommersant, the BN-800 project cost 140.6 billion rubles (roughly 2.17 billion dollars).[4]

BN-800
GenerationGeneration III+[1]
Reactor conceptFast breeder reactor
StatusOperational
LocationZarechny, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
Main parameters of the reactor core
Fuel (fissile material)U+Pu nitride, MOX, or metal
Fuel stateSolid
Neutron energy spectrumFast
Primary coolantLiquid sodium
Reactor usage
Power (thermal)2100 MWth
Power (electric)789 MWe net
885 MWe gross
External image
BN-800 reactor. Photo from Rosatom

Design

The plant is a pool-type LMFBR, in which the reactor, coolant pumps, intermediate heat exchangers and associated piping are all located in a common liquid sodium pool. This is essentially the same general design as EBR-II, which entered service in 1963. The design of this plant was started in 1983 and was completely revised in 1987 after the Chernobyl disaster and to a somewhat lesser degree in 1993, according to the new safety guidelines. After the second revision, the electric output power was increased by 10 % to 880 MW due to the increased efficiency of the planned power generator steam turbines.

The reactor core is, in size and mechanical properties, very similar to the BN-600 reactor core, but the fuel composition is very different. While BN-600 uses medium-enriched uranium dioxide, this plant burns mixed uranium-plutonium fuel,[5] helping to reduce the weapon-grade plutonium stockpile and provide information about the functioning of the closed uranium-plutonium fuel cycle. It was highlighted that the closed cycle will not require plutonium separation or other chemical processing.

The unit employs a three-circuit coolant arrangement; sodium coolant circulates in both the primary and secondary circuits. Water and steam flow in the third circuit. This heat is transferred from the reactor core via several independent circulation loops. Each comprises a primary sodium pump, two intermediate heat exchangers, a secondary sodium pump with an expansion tank located upstream, and an emergency pressure discharge tank. These feed a steam generator, which in turn supplies a condensing turbine that turns the generator.[6]

Many infrastructure facilities were designed to accommodate both the BN-800 and a proposed follow on BN-1200 reactor.[7]

History

The construction of BN-800 started in 1983 as Unit 4 at the Beloyarsk nuclear power plant but was put on hold after the 1986 Chernobyl accident. It resumed in 2006 and BN-800 achieved minimum controlled power in 2014, but issues led to further fuel development work. On 31 July 2015, the unit achieved minimum controlled power again, at 0.13 % of rated power. Commercial operations was expected to start before the end of 2016, with a power rating of 789 MWe.[7] The reactor was connected to the electricity grid in February 2016[8] and achieved full power for the first time in August 2016.[3] Commercial power production started on November 1, 2016.[9]

With both the United States and Russia reaching an agreement in 2001 to render a joint 34 tons of weapons grade plutonium, into reactor grade plutonium alongside reaching the spent fuel standard, that is mixed with the other more highly radioactive products within spent fuel.[10]

US president Barack Obama canceled construction of the agreement-supporting US MOX fuel fabrication facility in 2016, citing cost overruns and for financial reasons proposing instead that for the US share of plutonium, it be diluted with non-radioactive material and disposed in the underground WIPP facility.[10][11] However, the dilution could be reversed, and the material reconverted into weapons-grade plutonium.[10]

On October 3, 2016, Russian president Vladimir Putin ordered the agreement to be suspended because the US did not meet its obligations.[12]

In January 2020 the reactor started commercial operation with the first batch of MOX reprocessed uranium-plutonium fuel.[13]

Transmutation

The BN-800 could be used to close the fuel circle. The core load of 15 t material consists mostly of U-238 and about 20.5 % plutonium. This could be taken from processed old nuclear fuel rods.

See also

References

  1. ^ "List of Generation III (and III+) reactors". world-nuclear.org. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  2. ^ Kütt, Moritz; Frieß, Friederike; Englert, Matthias (2 September 2014). "Plutonium Disposition in the BN-800 Fast Reactor: An Assessment of Plutonium Isotopics and Breeding" (PDF). Science & Global Security. 22 (3): 188–208. Bibcode:2014S&GS...22..188K. doi:10.1080/08929882.2014.952578. ISSN 1547-7800. S2CID 73571691. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Russian fast reactor reaches full power". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  4. ^ "Rosatom postpones fast reactor project, report says". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  5. ^ "Mox fuel for Russia's BN 800 - Nuclear Engineering International". www.neimagazine.com. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  6. ^ "Фотографии со строительства блока с реактором БН-800 на Белоярской АЭС". atominfo.ru. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  7. ^ a b "Fast reactor progress at Beloyarsk". Nuclear Engineering International. 14 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  8. ^ "Russian Fast Reactor Connected to the Grid". powermag.com. 1 February 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  9. ^ "Russia's BN-800 unit enters commercial operation". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  10. ^ a b c Pavel Podvig: Can the US-Russia plutonium disposition agreement be saved? Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 28. April 2016.
  11. ^ "Obama seeks to terminate MOX project at Savannah River". World Nuclear News. 10 February 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  12. ^ Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 03.10.2016 № 511 (in Russian).
  13. ^ Larson, Aaron (2020-01-28). "MOX Nuclear Fuel Loaded in Russian Reactor, More to Come". POWER Magazine. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
  • The content in this article is from the existing Russian and German Wikipedia equivalents.

External links

  • Official website  . Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2019.. (The possible updated link Fast neutron reactors)
  • "BN-800 Fast neutron reactor plant" (PDF). - on OKBM Afrikantov official pdf(in English)
  • B.A. Vasilyev; S.F. Shepelev; M.R. Ashirmetov; V.M. Poplavsky (4 March 2013). "BN-1200 Reactor Power Unit Design Development" (PDF). International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles: Safe Technologies and Sustainable Scenarios (FR13) Presentations, (p. v). International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): IAEA. IAEA. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  • The BN-800 Fast Reactor – a Milestone on a Long Road

March 07, 2023
reactor, russian, реактор, БН, sodium, cooled, fast, breeder, reactor, built, beloyarsk, nuclear, power, station, zarechny, sverdlovsk, oblast, russia, reactor, designed, generate, electrical, power, plant, considered, part, weapons, grade, plutonium, manageme. The BN 800 reactor Russian reaktor BN 800 is a sodium cooled fast breeder reactor built at the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station in Zarechny Sverdlovsk Oblast Russia The reactor is designed to generate 880 MW of electrical power The plant was considered part of the weapons grade Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement signed between the United States and Russia with the reactor being part of the final step for a plutonium burner core a core designed to burn and in the process destroy and recover energy from plutonium 2 The plant reached its full power production in August 2016 3 According to Russian business journal Kommersant the BN 800 project cost 140 6 billion rubles roughly 2 17 billion dollars 4 BN 800GenerationGeneration III 1 Reactor conceptFast breeder reactorStatusOperationalLocationZarechny Sverdlovsk Oblast RussiaMain parameters of the reactor coreFuel fissile material U Pu nitride MOX or metalFuel stateSolidNeutron energy spectrumFastPrimary coolantLiquid sodiumReactor usagePower thermal 2100 MWthPower electric 789 MWe net885 MWe grossExternal imageBN 800 reactor Photo from Rosatom Contents 1 Design 2 History 3 Transmutation 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDesign EditThe plant is a pool type LMFBR in which the reactor coolant pumps intermediate heat exchangers and associated piping are all located in a common liquid sodium pool This is essentially the same general design as EBR II which entered service in 1963 The design of this plant was started in 1983 and was completely revised in 1987 after the Chernobyl disaster and to a somewhat lesser degree in 1993 according to the new safety guidelines After the second revision the electric output power was increased by 10 to 880 MW due to the increased efficiency of the planned power generator steam turbines The reactor core is in size and mechanical properties very similar to the BN 600 reactor core but the fuel composition is very different While BN 600 uses medium enriched uranium dioxide this plant burns mixed uranium plutonium fuel 5 helping to reduce the weapon grade plutonium stockpile and provide information about the functioning of the closed uranium plutonium fuel cycle It was highlighted that the closed cycle will not require plutonium separation or other chemical processing The unit employs a three circuit coolant arrangement sodium coolant circulates in both the primary and secondary circuits Water and steam flow in the third circuit This heat is transferred from the reactor core via several independent circulation loops Each comprises a primary sodium pump two intermediate heat exchangers a secondary sodium pump with an expansion tank located upstream and an emergency pressure discharge tank These feed a steam generator which in turn supplies a condensing turbine that turns the generator 6 Many infrastructure facilities were designed to accommodate both the BN 800 and a proposed follow on BN 1200 reactor 7 History EditThe construction of BN 800 started in 1983 as Unit 4 at the Beloyarsk nuclear power plant but was put on hold after the 1986 Chernobyl accident It resumed in 2006 and BN 800 achieved minimum controlled power in 2014 but issues led to further fuel development work On 31 July 2015 the unit achieved minimum controlled power again at 0 13 of rated power Commercial operations was expected to start before the end of 2016 with a power rating of 789 MWe 7 The reactor was connected to the electricity grid in February 2016 8 and achieved full power for the first time in August 2016 3 Commercial power production started on November 1 2016 9 With both the United States and Russia reaching an agreement in 2001 to render a joint 34 tons of weapons grade plutonium into reactor grade plutonium alongside reaching the spent fuel standard that is mixed with the other more highly radioactive products within spent fuel 10 US president Barack Obama canceled construction of the agreement supporting US MOX fuel fabrication facility in 2016 citing cost overruns and for financial reasons proposing instead that for the US share of plutonium it be diluted with non radioactive material and disposed in the underground WIPP facility 10 11 However the dilution could be reversed and the material reconverted into weapons grade plutonium 10 On October 3 2016 Russian president Vladimir Putin ordered the agreement to be suspended because the US did not meet its obligations 12 In January 2020 the reactor started commercial operation with the first batch of MOX reprocessed uranium plutonium fuel 13 Transmutation EditThe BN 800 could be used to close the fuel circle The core load of 15 t material consists mostly of U 238 and about 20 5 plutonium This could be taken from processed old nuclear fuel rods See also Edit Energy portal Nuclear technology portal Russia portalGeneration III reactor BN Reactor reactor family from RussiaPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback BN 350 reactor Russian fast breeder reactor operated from 1973 to 1993 BN 600 reactor Russian sodium cooled fast breeder reactor BN 1200 reactor Fast breeder nuclear reactor under development in Russia Integral Fast Reactor Nuclear reactor designPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targetsReferences Edit List of Generation III and III reactors world nuclear org Retrieved 3 December 2022 Kutt Moritz Friess Friederike Englert Matthias 2 September 2014 Plutonium Disposition in the BN 800 Fast Reactor An Assessment of Plutonium Isotopics and Breeding PDF Science amp Global Security 22 3 188 208 Bibcode 2014S amp GS 22 188K doi 10 1080 08929882 2014 952578 ISSN 1547 7800 S2CID 73571691 Retrieved 5 November 2022 a b Russian fast reactor reaches full power www world nuclear news org Retrieved 21 April 2018 Rosatom postpones fast reactor project report says www world nuclear news org Retrieved 13 August 2019 Mox fuel for Russia s BN 800 Nuclear Engineering International www neimagazine com Retrieved 16 October 2017 Fotografii so stroitelstva bloka s reaktorom BN 800 na Beloyarskoj AES atominfo ru Retrieved 21 April 2018 a b Fast reactor progress at Beloyarsk Nuclear Engineering International 14 January 2016 Retrieved 19 January 2016 Russian Fast Reactor Connected to the Grid powermag com 1 February 2016 Retrieved 21 April 2018 Russia s BN 800 unit enters commercial operation www world nuclear news org Retrieved 21 April 2018 a b c Pavel Podvig Can the US Russia plutonium disposition agreement be saved Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 28 April 2016 Obama seeks to terminate MOX project at Savannah River World Nuclear News 10 February 2016 Retrieved 6 July 2017 Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 03 10 2016 511 in Russian Larson Aaron 2020 01 28 MOX Nuclear Fuel Loaded in Russian Reactor More to Come POWER Magazine Retrieved 2020 03 05 The content in this article is from the existing Russian and German Wikipedia equivalents External links EditOfficial website Reactor Plants Archived from the original on 4 August 2018 Retrieved 14 March 2019 The possible updated link Fast neutron reactors BN 800 Fast neutron reactor plant PDF on OKBM Afrikantov official pdf in English B A Vasilyev S F Shepelev M R Ashirmetov V M Poplavsky 4 March 2013 BN 1200 Reactor Power Unit Design Development PDF International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles Safe Technologies and Sustainable Scenarios FR13 Presentations p v International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA IAEA IAEA Retrieved 14 March 2019 The BN 800 Fast Reactor a Milestone on a Long Road Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title BN 800 reactor amp oldid 1132844923, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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