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B. W. Powe

Bruce William Powe (/p/; born 23 March 1955), commonly known as B. W. Powe, is a Canadian poet, novelist, essayist, philosopher, and teacher.

B. W. Powe
B. W. Powe. September 2010
Born (1955-03-23) 23 March 1955 (age 69)
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
OccupationWriter--poet, novelist, essayist, philosopher; Associate Professor of Literature
GenresFiction, non-fiction, poetry (lyric), essay, meditations
SpouseMaría Auxiliadora Sánchez Ledesma
ChildrenKatharine Powe
Thomas Powe, Elena Theresa Sanchez Powe

Early life and background edit

Born in Ottawa, Powe lived in Toronto from 1959 until 1996. His father is Bruce Allen Powe, author of the novels, Killing Ground, The Aberhart Summer and The Ice Eaters, among many.

He attended York University in Toronto for English studies where in 1977 graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He won the prestigious Book Award at York University for the highest grades achieved in his final year. He was then awarded an also prestigious Humanities Research Council scholarship to continue his studies at the University of Toronto. Powe received a Master of Arts degree from the University of Toronto in 1981; he studied there with Marshall McLuhan, Northrop Frye and Brian Parker. He received his PhD from York University in October 2009. His PhD is on Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye, their crossings in history, their agon and complementarity (their conflicts and harmonies), and the stirring alchemy of their thought. The thesis was also concerned with the role and position of these visionaries in Canada, and the role and position of guides and mentors.

His uncle is Joe Schlesinger, senior correspondent for the CBC news.

On June 7, 2014, B. W. Powe was married to Maria Auxiliadora Sanchez Ledesma in Cordoba, Spain.

Career edit

Poet, novelist, essayist, and critic, in 1995, B. W. Powe began teaching in the Department of English at York University where he taught first year introduction to literature courses as well as two additional courses entitled Visionary Literature: from Hildegard von Bingen and Dante to Bob Dylan and Joni Mitchell, and Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye: Two Canadian Theorists. [1] In July, 2010, Powe was promoted to Associate Professor of Literature at York and given tenure. [2] Powe was the program director of the Creative Writing Program at York University during the 2013-2014 semester. At York he currently teaches courses on Modernism and Post-Modernism, and divides his time between researching visionary traditions (Visionary Literature: from Dante to Bob Dylan is still offered) and continuing the McLuhan Initiative for the Study of Literacies.[3]

Work edit

Powe has written books of thoughts, poetry, essays, and fiction (long and short). He has also written nationally seen columns for The Globe and Mail and the Toronto Star.

He has been called "way cool" by The Globe and Mail, "one of our finest cultural commentators" by the Toronto Star, a poet who can write "hair-raising lines" that seem to come "fully formed from the cosmos" by The Globe and Mail and who takes "considerable, unfashionable risks" by The Malahat Review, "a visionary--a modern day Magellan" by the Montreal Gazette, "an intellectual terrorist" by Barbara Amiel in Maclean's, and "enigmatic...and necessary..." by the Edmonton Journal. Kenneth J. Harvey said Powe's "Heart beats against the current... [and in his work] at its ultimate core invents something original--and oftentimes breathtaking... To say brilliant would be an understatement" (Ottawa Citizen).

About his novel Outage, the Calgary Herald said: "Powe has created something remarkable...a sort of video novel, a hybrid of genres and media that transcends the ordinary and offers a new vision in a new way of a society dancing to electronically generated signals." Pico Iyer said his writings represented "a soaring alchemical vision." R. Murray Schafer called Outage "a fully realized work of art." Canadian Literature said of his poetry that "[his] subtly textured themes...affirm the importance of the romantic voice in these troubled times." The Montreal Gazette, in 2007, said that his essay prose style is "like well-chosen brush-strokes on a canvas."

At IdeaCity in 2001 Moses Znaimer called B. W. Powe's stances, public lectures and writings "a combination of poetry and rock'n'roll." In 2014, poet-critic Patricia Keeney called Powe's work "an original combination of poetry and scholarship."

Elana Wolff, poet and critic, in her book Implicate Me: Short Essays on Reading Contemporary Poems (Guernica, 2010), has this to say about Powe's writings: "a prescient writer on the cyber-age and codes and patterns...there is actually no neat genre-division in Powe's writing. ...His prose frequently reads like poetry... The Unsaid Passing is...[an] emotionally unshielded selection of pieces that range in length from five words to several sections. ...Powe wants both transpersonal and transcendent connection from poetry. ...unabashedly spiritual, and passionate...uncommon for our age. He wants us to acknowledge our capacity for deep feeling, our vulnerability and authentic need for each other, and for the sacred. ...In the poems of The Unsaid Passing, B.W. Powe goes where he has not gone in any of his previous work... and written luminous, numinous pieces of mystical and humanistic sensibility." (pp. 119–121)

His work has been profiled on CBC-TV, TVO, CITY-TV, Bravo-TV, ACCESS and CTV.

Outage, was listed as one of the best ten novels of the year by Philip Marchand in the Toronto Star, in 1995/96. It was also an editor's choice novel in The Globe & Mail in 1995. His book, A Tremendous Canada of Light was selected as a notable book of the year by The Globe and Mail in 1993. His book of poems, The Unsaid Passing, was shortlisted for The ReLit Prize in 2006. His novella, These Shadows Remain, was longlisted for The ReLit Prize in 2012.

Towards a Canada of Light (2006; the third revision of the Canada of Light theme) and Mystic Trudeau: The Fire and the Rose (2007) were conceived as companion pieces, part of his contemplation of the visionary possibilities of Canada and its cultural legacy. In Charles Foran's October 2007 review of Mystic Trudeau in The Walrus, he said of the book: "[it] likely makes of its subject only what Trudeau privately made of himself. Powe knew him in his final years and kept records of their conversations. Expanding on Trudeau's pithy remarks, Powe offers a reading of his character and legacy that is as challenging as many of Trudeau's own public assertions. The book is determined to credit Canada with a mystical tradition and to deliberate in that tradition's arguments, employing language that is poetic, emphatic... Wait for the book's kicker: a call for the establishment of a republic in a twenty-first Canada that has...pirouetted away from 'the last vestiges of colonialism and empire.'"

Mystic Trudeau was profiled and reviewed in an essay by Wilf Cude in The Antigonish Review (Summer 2014).

His writings have been translated into French by Derrick de Kerckhove and Michelle Tisseyre. His writings have also been translated into Czech. He has been the program director or co-director for three significant events at York University in Toronto: Marshall McLuhan: What if He Was Right? (1997), The Trudeau Era (1998) and Living Literacies (2002).

He is currently continuing to develop the McLuhan Initiative for the Study of Literacies at York University.[4]

He read from this work at The Northrop Frye International Festival in Moncton in April 2011, and in Barcelona, Spain, at the McLuhan 100 conference, in May 2011. He spoke on Vico, Bruno, Joyce and McLuhan in Naples in June 2011. In the autumn of 2012 he was scholar/writer in residence at IN3, the University of Catalonya in Barcelona. He spoke at the University of Basque Country in Bilbao, Spain, in October 2012.

His non-fiction study, Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye--Apocalypse and Alchemy, was published by the University of Toronto Press in May 2014.

He returned as Scholar/Researcher in Residence at IN3 at the University of Catalunya in Barcelona, Spain, in the spring and summer of 2013, and then returned to IN3 in the spring-summer of 2014. There he was (and still is) collaborating with Cristina de Miranda (artist and professor) and Matteo Ciastellardi (technologist and professor) on the development and production of the meta-book, multi-text, "Opening Time: On the Energy Threshold." This is an electronic work devoted to exploring new manifestations of consciousness and perception in the digital information age.

He was the Creative Writing Program Coordinator in the Department of English from July 2013 until June 2014.

In the fall of 2014, he gave well-received lectures/presentations on his book, Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye: Apocalypse and Alchemy, at Founders College, York University, at Victoria College at the University of Toronto, the Mercer Union in Toronto, at the Italian Cultural Centre, and at St. Michael's College (in collaboration with Professor Robert Logan).

He has other works in progress: new poems (for a book called Decoding Dust); a collection of essays, thoughts, stories, and aphorisms; a study of visionaries and of the nature of inspiration; a trilogy of novels called The Forking of the Ways. He has been at work since 2012 on a new book of poems and stories about his experiences in Spain—tentatively titled, Eternal Andalusia.

In 2014 he began an editorial-creative relationship with the Hamilton Arts and Letters (HAL) publication.

In 2015 he founded a theatre group at York University, called The Dead Tree Medium Group. The troupe consists of York University Theatre/Creative Writing students. They performed "Technogenie" from Decoding Dust at the Pages Unbound Literary Festival in Toronto in May. In 2015, he was nominated to become a member of the Royal Society of Canada (he was rejected).

Also in 2015, he was nominated for a total of six awards for his two books, Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye: Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye, and Where Seas and Fables Meet.

In the summer of 2015, he returned to be Writer-Scholar in Residence at IN3, the University of Catalunya, now in Casteldefels, Spain. In 2015 he gave lectures and readings in Barcelona, Toronto, and Ottawa.

Bibliography edit

  • 1984: "A Climate Charged" (Mosaic) ISBN 0-88962-258-2
  • 1987: "The Solitary Outlaw" (Lester & Orpen Dennys) ISBN 0-88619-141-6
  • 1989: "Noise of Time" in "The Glenn Gould Profile", Collections Canada, National Library Archives
  • 1993: "A Tremendous Canada of Light" (Coach House) ISBN 0-88910-415-8
  • 1995: "Outage: A Journey into Electric City" (Random House) ISBN 0-394-22124-9
  • 1997: "The Solitary Outlaw", revised and expanded (Somerville House)ISBN 1-895897-79-3
  • 1997: "A Canada of Light", revised and expanded (Somerville House) ISBN 1-895897-89-0
  • 2004: "The Living Literacies Print Record", editor (Coach House) ISBN 0-9736828-0-9
  • 2005: "The Unsaid Passing" (Guernica) ISBN 1-55071-209-8
  • 2006: "Towards a Canada of Light", revised and expanded again (Thomas Allen) ISBN 0-88762-228-3
  • 2007: "Mystic Trudeau: The Fire and The Rose" (Thomas Allen) ISBN 0-88762-281-X
  • 2011: "These Shadows Remain: A Fable" (Guernica) ISBN 978-1-55071-314-5
  • 2014: "Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye, Apocalypse and Alchemy" (The University of Toronto Press) ISBN 978-1-4426-4811-1
  • 2014: Two Poems, "Reader" and "Technogenie" in "The Medium is the Muse: Channeling Marshall McLuhan", edited by Lance Strate and Adeena Karasick (Neo Poiesis Press), ISBN 978-0-9855577-5-1
  • 2014-15: "Opening Time: On the Energy Threshold." (IN3, University of Catalunya/York University)
  • 2015: "Where Seas and Fables Meet: Parables, Aphorisms, Fragments, Thought" (Guernica) ISBN 978-1-77183-019-5
  • 2016: "Decoding Dust" (Neo Poiesis Press). ISBN 978-0-9903565-8-5 Spring 2016
  • 2016: "The Tigers of Perception" (Hamilton Arts and Letters: HAL/Samizdat). Autumn 2016
  • 2019: "The Charge in the Global Membrane" (Neo Poiesis Press). ISBN 978-0-9975021-8-3

References edit

  1. ^ Various Authors (1 December 2011). Understanding Media, Today 2011-12 (Fuera de Colección). Editorial UOC. p. 28. ISBN 9788493880255.
  2. ^ Ralón, Laureano. . Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  3. ^ . Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  4. ^ McLuhan Initiative for the Study of Literacies, Staff 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine

External links edit

  • B.W. Powe's blog
  • by Adebe D.A for Openbook Toronto, 27 January 2011.
  • Soules, Marshall: Bruce Powe & The Solitary Outlaws
  • The Glenn Gould Archive (Library and Archives Canada): Noise of Time
  • (Winter 1992)
  • Spiritbookword: "An Interview with B.W. Powe"
  • York University: B.W. Powe fonds, accessed 17 July 2006
  • York University: B.W. Powe[permanent dead link], accessed 17 July 2006
  • Early Media Prophet Is Now Getting His Due, accessed 26 July 2011

powe, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, biography, living, person, relies, much, references, primary, sources, please, help, adding, secondary, tert. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This biography of a living person relies too much on references to primary sources Please help by adding secondary or tertiary sources Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately especially if potentially libelous or harmful Find sources B W Powe news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article is an autobiography or has been extensively edited by the subject or by someone connected to the subject It may need editing to conform to Wikipedia s neutral point of view policy There may be relevant discussion on the talk page September 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification Please help by adding reliable sources Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page especially if potentially libelous Find sources B W Powe news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Bruce William Powe p aʊ born 23 March 1955 commonly known as B W Powe is a Canadian poet novelist essayist philosopher and teacher B W PoweB W Powe September 2010Born 1955 03 23 23 March 1955 age 69 Ottawa Ontario CanadaOccupationWriter poet novelist essayist philosopher Associate Professor of LiteratureGenresFiction non fiction poetry lyric essay meditationsSpouseMaria Auxiliadora Sanchez LedesmaChildrenKatharine PoweThomas Powe Elena Theresa Sanchez Powe Contents 1 Early life and background 2 Career 3 Work 4 Bibliography 5 References 6 External linksEarly life and background editBorn in Ottawa Powe lived in Toronto from 1959 until 1996 His father is Bruce Allen Powe author of the novels Killing Ground The Aberhart Summer and The Ice Eaters among many He attended York University in Toronto for English studies where in 1977 graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree He won the prestigious Book Award at York University for the highest grades achieved in his final year He was then awarded an also prestigious Humanities Research Council scholarship to continue his studies at the University of Toronto Powe received a Master of Arts degree from the University of Toronto in 1981 he studied there with Marshall McLuhan Northrop Frye and Brian Parker He received his PhD from York University in October 2009 His PhD is on Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye their crossings in history their agon and complementarity their conflicts and harmonies and the stirring alchemy of their thought The thesis was also concerned with the role and position of these visionaries in Canada and the role and position of guides and mentors His uncle is Joe Schlesinger senior correspondent for the CBC news On June 7 2014 B W Powe was married to Maria Auxiliadora Sanchez Ledesma in Cordoba Spain Career editPoet novelist essayist and critic in 1995 B W Powe began teaching in the Department of English at York University where he taught first year introduction to literature courses as well as two additional courses entitled Visionary Literature from Hildegard von Bingen and Dante to Bob Dylan and Joni Mitchell and Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye Two Canadian Theorists 1 In July 2010 Powe was promoted to Associate Professor of Literature at York and given tenure 2 Powe was the program director of the Creative Writing Program at York University during the 2013 2014 semester At York he currently teaches courses on Modernism and Post Modernism and divides his time between researching visionary traditions Visionary Literature from Dante to Bob Dylan is still offered and continuing the McLuhan Initiative for the Study of Literacies 3 Work editPowe has written books of thoughts poetry essays and fiction long and short He has also written nationally seen columns for The Globe and Mail and the Toronto Star He has been called way cool by The Globe and Mail one of our finest cultural commentators by the Toronto Star a poet who can write hair raising lines that seem to come fully formed from the cosmos by The Globe and Mail and who takes considerable unfashionable risks by The Malahat Review a visionary a modern day Magellan by the Montreal Gazette an intellectual terrorist by Barbara Amiel in Maclean s and enigmatic and necessary by the Edmonton Journal Kenneth J Harvey said Powe s Heart beats against the current and in his work at its ultimate core invents something original and oftentimes breathtaking To say brilliant would be an understatement Ottawa Citizen About his novel Outage the Calgary Herald said Powe has created something remarkable a sort of video novel a hybrid of genres and media that transcends the ordinary and offers a new vision in a new way of a society dancing to electronically generated signals Pico Iyer said his writings represented a soaring alchemical vision R Murray Schafer called Outage a fully realized work of art Canadian Literature said of his poetry that his subtly textured themes affirm the importance of the romantic voice in these troubled times The Montreal Gazette in 2007 said that his essay prose style is like well chosen brush strokes on a canvas At IdeaCity in 2001 Moses Znaimer called B W Powe s stances public lectures and writings a combination of poetry and rock n roll In 2014 poet critic Patricia Keeney called Powe s work an original combination of poetry and scholarship Elana Wolff poet and critic in her book Implicate Me Short Essays on Reading Contemporary Poems Guernica 2010 has this to say about Powe s writings a prescient writer on the cyber age and codes and patterns there is actually no neat genre division in Powe s writing His prose frequently reads like poetry The Unsaid Passing is an emotionally unshielded selection of pieces that range in length from five words to several sections Powe wants both transpersonal and transcendent connection from poetry unabashedly spiritual and passionate uncommon for our age He wants us to acknowledge our capacity for deep feeling our vulnerability and authentic need for each other and for the sacred In the poems of The Unsaid Passing B W Powe goes where he has not gone in any of his previous work and written luminous numinous pieces of mystical and humanistic sensibility pp 119 121 His work has been profiled on CBC TV TVO CITY TV Bravo TV ACCESS and CTV Outage was listed as one of the best ten novels of the year by Philip Marchand in the Toronto Star in 1995 96 It was also an editor s choice novel in The Globe amp Mail in 1995 His book A Tremendous Canada of Light was selected as a notable book of the year by The Globe and Mail in 1993 His book of poems The Unsaid Passing was shortlisted for The ReLit Prize in 2006 His novella These Shadows Remain was longlisted for The ReLit Prize in 2012 Towards a Canada of Light 2006 the third revision of the Canada of Light theme and Mystic Trudeau The Fire and the Rose 2007 were conceived as companion pieces part of his contemplation of the visionary possibilities of Canada and its cultural legacy In Charles Foran s October 2007 review of Mystic Trudeau in The Walrus he said of the book it likely makes of its subject only what Trudeau privately made of himself Powe knew him in his final years and kept records of their conversations Expanding on Trudeau s pithy remarks Powe offers a reading of his character and legacy that is as challenging as many of Trudeau s own public assertions The book is determined to credit Canada with a mystical tradition and to deliberate in that tradition s arguments employing language that is poetic emphatic Wait for the book s kicker a call for the establishment of a republic in a twenty first Canada that has pirouetted away from the last vestiges of colonialism and empire Mystic Trudeau was profiled and reviewed in an essay by Wilf Cude in The Antigonish Review Summer 2014 His writings have been translated into French by Derrick de Kerckhove and Michelle Tisseyre His writings have also been translated into Czech He has been the program director or co director for three significant events at York University in Toronto Marshall McLuhan What if He Was Right 1997 The Trudeau Era 1998 and Living Literacies 2002 He is currently continuing to develop the McLuhan Initiative for the Study of Literacies at York University 4 He read from this work at The Northrop Frye International Festival in Moncton in April 2011 and in Barcelona Spain at the McLuhan 100 conference in May 2011 He spoke on Vico Bruno Joyce and McLuhan in Naples in June 2011 In the autumn of 2012 he was scholar writer in residence at IN3 the University of Catalonya in Barcelona He spoke at the University of Basque Country in Bilbao Spain in October 2012 His non fiction study Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye Apocalypse and Alchemy was published by the University of Toronto Press in May 2014 He returned as Scholar Researcher in Residence at IN3 at the University of Catalunya in Barcelona Spain in the spring and summer of 2013 and then returned to IN3 in the spring summer of 2014 There he was and still is collaborating with Cristina de Miranda artist and professor and Matteo Ciastellardi technologist and professor on the development and production of the meta book multi text Opening Time On the Energy Threshold This is an electronic work devoted to exploring new manifestations of consciousness and perception in the digital information age He was the Creative Writing Program Coordinator in the Department of English from July 2013 until June 2014 In the fall of 2014 he gave well received lectures presentations on his book Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye Apocalypse and Alchemy at Founders College York University at Victoria College at the University of Toronto the Mercer Union in Toronto at the Italian Cultural Centre and at St Michael s College in collaboration with Professor Robert Logan He has other works in progress new poems for a book called Decoding Dust a collection of essays thoughts stories and aphorisms a study of visionaries and of the nature of inspiration a trilogy of novels called The Forking of the Ways He has been at work since 2012 on a new book of poems and stories about his experiences in Spain tentatively titled Eternal Andalusia In 2014 he began an editorial creative relationship with the Hamilton Arts and Letters HAL publication In 2015 he founded a theatre group at York University called The Dead Tree Medium Group The troupe consists of York University Theatre Creative Writing students They performed Technogenie from Decoding Dust at the Pages Unbound Literary Festival in Toronto in May In 2015 he was nominated to become a member of the Royal Society of Canada he was rejected Also in 2015 he was nominated for a total of six awards for his two books Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye and Where Seas and Fables Meet In the summer of 2015 he returned to be Writer Scholar in Residence at IN3 the University of Catalunya now in Casteldefels Spain In 2015 he gave lectures and readings in Barcelona Toronto and Ottawa Bibliography edit1984 A Climate Charged Mosaic ISBN 0 88962 258 2 1987 The Solitary Outlaw Lester amp Orpen Dennys ISBN 0 88619 141 6 1989 Noise of Time in The Glenn Gould Profile Collections Canada National Library Archives 1993 A Tremendous Canada of Light Coach House ISBN 0 88910 415 8 1995 Outage A Journey into Electric City Random House ISBN 0 394 22124 9 1997 The Solitary Outlaw revised and expanded Somerville House ISBN 1 895897 79 3 1997 A Canada of Light revised and expanded Somerville House ISBN 1 895897 89 0 2004 The Living Literacies Print Record editor Coach House ISBN 0 9736828 0 9 2005 The Unsaid Passing Guernica ISBN 1 55071 209 8 2006 Towards a Canada of Light revised and expanded again Thomas Allen ISBN 0 88762 228 3 2007 Mystic Trudeau The Fire and The Rose Thomas Allen ISBN 0 88762 281 X 2011 These Shadows Remain A Fable Guernica ISBN 978 1 55071 314 5 2014 Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye Apocalypse and Alchemy The University of Toronto Press ISBN 978 1 4426 4811 1 2014 Two Poems Reader and Technogenie in The Medium is the Muse Channeling Marshall McLuhan edited by Lance Strate and Adeena Karasick Neo Poiesis Press ISBN 978 0 9855577 5 1 2014 15 Opening Time On the Energy Threshold IN3 University of Catalunya York University 2015 Where Seas and Fables Meet Parables Aphorisms Fragments Thought Guernica ISBN 978 1 77183 019 5 2016 Decoding Dust Neo Poiesis Press ISBN 978 0 9903565 8 5 Spring 2016 2016 The Tigers of Perception Hamilton Arts and Letters HAL Samizdat Autumn 2016 2019 The Charge in the Global Membrane Neo Poiesis Press ISBN 978 0 9975021 8 3References edit Various Authors 1 December 2011 Understanding Media Today 2011 12 Fuera de Coleccion Editorial UOC p 28 ISBN 9788493880255 Ralon Laureano Interview with B W Powe Archived from the original on 24 April 2015 Retrieved 24 April 2015 B W Powe Archived from the original on 24 April 2015 Retrieved 24 April 2015 McLuhan Initiative for the Study of Literacies Staff Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback MachineExternal links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to B W Powe B W Powe s blog Interview with B W Powe by Adebe D A for Openbook Toronto 27 January 2011 Soules Marshall Bruce Powe amp The Solitary Outlaws The Glenn Gould Archive Library and Archives Canada Noise of Time 15 Years in Exile Volume 16 Number 4 Winter 1992 Spiritbookword An Interview with B W Powe https web archive org web 20071022004712 http www imaginingtoronto com 2007week3slidesGEOG4280 ppt York University B W Powe fonds accessed 17 July 2006 York University B W Powe permanent dead link accessed 17 July 2006 Early Media Prophet Is Now Getting His Due accessed 26 July 2011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title B W Powe amp oldid 1163812361, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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