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Airmanship

January 01, 1970

Look up airmanship in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Airmanship is skill and knowledge applied to aerial navigation, similar to seamanship in maritime navigation. Airmanship covers a broad range of desirable behaviors and abilities in an aviator. It is not simply a measure of skill or technique, but also a measure of a pilot’s awareness of the aircraft, the environment in which it operates, and of their own capabilities.[1]

John F. Davis receives the Distinguished Flying Cross “For... establishing a new world record... for class “c” jet aircraft on a 100 kilometer closed course. In the preparation for and execution of this flight, he exercised brilliant airmanship."

Definition edit

Airmanship is a quality comprehensive of all aspects of flight, ranging from control, navigation, awareness, and decision-making.[2][3][4] Airmanship may be derived from applied discipline and extensive training.[5][6]

Airmanship is defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as a "broad term that includes a sound knowledge of and experience with the principles of flight; the knowledge, experience, and ability to operate an aircraft with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air; and the application of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency."[7]

The United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) describes airmanship as "a somewhat controversial and vague expression intended to convey a measure of understanding; experience; or, more succinctly, aviation 'common-sense'. What can be said is that 'Airmanship' is something gained from exposure to the experiences and sage advice of other aviators; properly thinking about and understanding the application of rules, procedures and airspace; and a healthy dose of self-preservation."[8]

Principles edit

A core principle of airmanship taught to student pilots is "Aviate, Navigate, Communicate", to remind them of priorities during an emergency. The highest priority is to keep the aircraft flying, avoiding loss of control or controlled flight into terrain. Next, the pilot(s) should verify their location and navigate toward a suitable destination. Communication with air traffic control or other planes is the lowest priority.[9][10][11][12][13]

History edit

The actions of Captain Alfred C. Haynes and the crew of United Airlines Flight 232 while dealing with their crippled McDonnell Douglas DC-10 are cited as quality airmanship.[14] They were able to bring their craft to a survivable "controlled crash" in Sioux City, Iowa, after a complete loss of all flight controls following an engine failure in July 1989. They did this by improvising a control scheme on the spot using differential engine thrust on the two working engines.[15] Captain Haynes credited his Crew Resource Management training as one of the key factors that saved his and his passengers' lives.[16]

Lack of airmanship in accidents edit

General or commercial aviation edit

The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) occasionally cites poor airmanship as a contributing factor in its determination of probable cause in aviation accidents, although it is implicit in many of the pilot error causes it often uses. For example, in its report on the December 1, 1993, fatal crash of Northwest Airlink Flight 5719, the NTSB determined the "failure of the company management to adequately address the previously identified deficiencies in airmanship" was a contributing factor.[17]

In a 2005 business jet accident at Teterboro Airport, NTSB investigator Steve Demko said determining an aircraft's weight and balance before takeoff is "basic airmanship," a "Flying 101 type of thing."[18] Similarly, in the 2006 New York City plane crash that killed New York Yankees pitcher Cory Lidle, the NTSB cited "inadequate judgment, planning and airmanship" in its probable cause determination.[19]

Military aviation edit

For fighter pilots operating combat aircraft, failures in airmanship can be disastrous. For example, in the Tarnak Farm incident in Afghanistan, the pilot of a U.S. F-16 Fighting Falcon mistakenly targeted a 500 pounds (230 kg) laser-guided bomb on training Canadian troops in April 2003, killing four of them. A "failure of airmanship" was cited by Maurice Baril.[20]

References edit

  1. ^ DeMaria, Chris, CFI (2006-11-09). "Understanding Airmanship". Aviation Channel. Retrieved 2007-02-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ English, Dave (2018-06-01). "Inner? Art? Airmanshp?". Inner Art of Airmanship. Retrieved 2018-06-14. Airmanship is a multi-dimensional concept.
  3. ^ Lankford, Terry T. (1998). Controlling Pilot Error: Weather. Introduction by Tony Kern. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. xvi. ISBN 0-07-137328-4.
  4. ^ Kern, Anthony T; Kern, Tony (1997). Redefining Airmanship. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 21. ISBN 0-07-034284-9.
  5. ^ Kern, Anthony T; Kern, Tony (1998). Flight Discipline. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 3. ISBN 0-07-034371-3.
  6. ^ Ebbage, L.; Spencer, P. D. (2003). "Airmanship training for modern aircrew". Paper Presented at the TRO HFM Symposium Advanced Technologies for Military Training (Technologies Avanc — Es Pour Lentra — Nement Militaire). RTO-MP-HFM-101. Genoa, Italy.
  7. ^ Federal Aviation Administration. Airplane Flying Handbook (PDF). US Department of Transportation. FAA-H-8083-3C. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  8. ^ Analysis of Airprox in UK Airspace. Report Number 29, January 2013 – December 2013. [1]
  9. ^ "Fly the Aircraft First" (PDF). faa.gov. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  10. ^ "Setting Priorities - Aviate, Navigate, Communicate". iflyamerica.org. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  11. ^ "Tweet". The Navigator. 25 (2). Department of the Air Force, Air Training Command: 19. 1978. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  12. ^ Stowell, Rich (1996). Emergency Maneuver Training: Controlling Your Airplane During a Crisis. Rich Stowell, Master CFI-A. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-879425-92-7. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  13. ^ Billings, Charles E. (1991). Human-centered Aircraft Automation: A Concept and Guidelines. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center. p. 16. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  14. ^ Galison, Peter (2000). Atmospheric Flight in the Twentieth Century. Berlin: Springer. p. 11. ISBN 0-7923-6037-0.
  15. ^ Kern, Anthony T; Kern, Tony (1997). Redefining Airmanship. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 283–301. ISBN 0-07-034284-9.
  16. ^ Haynes' Eyewitness account 2013-10-26 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ "NTSB brief of accident DCA94MA022". 1994-12-27. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  18. ^ Collogan, David (6 November 2006). . aviationweek.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 2007-02-25.
  19. ^ The Associated Press (1 May 2007). "Lidle crash was pilot error". New York Daily News. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  20. ^ "Pilots blamed for 'friendly fire' deaths". BBC News. 2002-06-28. Retrieved 2007-03-01.

January 01, 1970
airmanship, look, airmanship, wiktionary, free, dictionary, skill, knowledge, applied, aerial, navigation, similar, seamanship, maritime, navigation, covers, broad, range, desirable, behaviors, abilities, aviator, simply, measure, skill, technique, also, measu. Look up airmanship in Wiktionary the free dictionary Airmanship is skill and knowledge applied to aerial navigation similar to seamanship in maritime navigation Airmanship covers a broad range of desirable behaviors and abilities in an aviator It is not simply a measure of skill or technique but also a measure of a pilot s awareness of the aircraft the environment in which it operates and of their own capabilities 1 John F Davis receives the Distinguished Flying Cross For establishing a new world record for class c jet aircraft on a 100 kilometer closed course In the preparation for and execution of this flight he exercised brilliant airmanship Contents 1 Definition 2 Principles 3 History 3 1 Lack of airmanship in accidents 3 1 1 General or commercial aviation 3 1 2 Military aviation 4 ReferencesDefinition editAirmanship is a quality comprehensive of all aspects of flight ranging from control navigation awareness and decision making 2 3 4 Airmanship may be derived from applied discipline and extensive training 5 6 Airmanship is defined by the Federal Aviation Administration FAA as a broad term that includes a sound knowledge of and experience with the principles of flight the knowledge experience and ability to operate an aircraft with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air and the application of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency 7 The United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority CAA describes airmanship as a somewhat controversial and vague expression intended to convey a measure of understanding experience or more succinctly aviation common sense What can be said is that Airmanship is something gained from exposure to the experiences and sage advice of other aviators properly thinking about and understanding the application of rules procedures and airspace and a healthy dose of self preservation 8 Principles editA core principle of airmanship taught to student pilots is Aviate Navigate Communicate to remind them of priorities during an emergency The highest priority is to keep the aircraft flying avoiding loss of control or controlled flight into terrain Next the pilot s should verify their location and navigate toward a suitable destination Communication with air traffic control or other planes is the lowest priority 9 10 11 12 13 History editThe actions of Captain Alfred C Haynes and the crew of United Airlines Flight 232 while dealing with their crippled McDonnell Douglas DC 10 are cited as quality airmanship 14 They were able to bring their craft to a survivable controlled crash in Sioux City Iowa after a complete loss of all flight controls following an engine failure in July 1989 They did this by improvising a control scheme on the spot using differential engine thrust on the two working engines 15 Captain Haynes credited his Crew Resource Management training as one of the key factors that saved his and his passengers lives 16 Lack of airmanship in accidents edit General or commercial aviation edit The U S National Transportation Safety Board NTSB occasionally cites poor airmanship as a contributing factor in its determination of probable cause in aviation accidents although it is implicit in many of the pilot error causes it often uses For example in its report on the December 1 1993 fatal crash of Northwest Airlink Flight 5719 the NTSB determined the failure of the company management to adequately address the previously identified deficiencies in airmanship was a contributing factor 17 In a 2005 business jet accident at Teterboro Airport NTSB investigator Steve Demko said determining an aircraft s weight and balance before takeoff is basic airmanship a Flying 101 type of thing 18 Similarly in the 2006 New York City plane crash that killed New York Yankees pitcher Cory Lidle the NTSB cited inadequate judgment planning and airmanship in its probable cause determination 19 Military aviation edit For fighter pilots operating combat aircraft failures in airmanship can be disastrous For example in the Tarnak Farm incident in Afghanistan the pilot of a U S F 16 Fighting Falcon mistakenly targeted a 500 pounds 230 kg laser guided bomb on training Canadian troops in April 2003 killing four of them A failure of airmanship was cited by Maurice Baril 20 References edit DeMaria Chris CFI 2006 11 09 Understanding Airmanship Aviation Channel Retrieved 2007 02 24 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link English Dave 2018 06 01 Inner Art Airmanshp Inner Art of Airmanship Retrieved 2018 06 14 Airmanship is a multi dimensional concept Lankford Terry T 1998 Controlling Pilot Error Weather Introduction by Tony Kern McGraw Hill Professional pp xvi ISBN 0 07 137328 4 Kern Anthony T Kern Tony 1997 Redefining Airmanship McGraw Hill Professional p 21 ISBN 0 07 034284 9 Kern Anthony T Kern Tony 1998 Flight Discipline McGraw Hill Professional p 3 ISBN 0 07 034371 3 Ebbage L Spencer P D 2003 Airmanship training for modern aircrew Paper Presented at the TRO HFM Symposium Advanced Technologies for Military Training Technologies Avanc Es Pour Lentra Nement Militaire RTO MP HFM 101 Genoa Italy Federal Aviation Administration Airplane Flying Handbook PDF US Department of Transportation FAA H 8083 3C Retrieved 22 April 2023 Analysis of Airprox in UK Airspace Report Number 29 January 2013 December 2013 1 Fly the Aircraft First PDF faa gov Retrieved 20 April 2023 Setting Priorities Aviate Navigate Communicate iflyamerica org Retrieved 20 April 2023 Tweet The Navigator 25 2 Department of the Air Force Air Training Command 19 1978 Retrieved 20 April 2023 Stowell Rich 1996 Emergency Maneuver Training Controlling Your Airplane During a Crisis Rich Stowell Master CFI A p 192 ISBN 978 1 879425 92 7 Retrieved 20 April 2023 Billings Charles E 1991 Human centered Aircraft Automation A Concept and Guidelines National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center p 16 Retrieved 20 April 2023 Galison Peter 2000 Atmospheric Flight in the Twentieth Century Berlin Springer p 11 ISBN 0 7923 6037 0 Kern Anthony T Kern Tony 1997 Redefining Airmanship McGraw Hill Professional pp 283 301 ISBN 0 07 034284 9 Haynes Eyewitness account Archived 2013 10 26 at the Wayback Machine NTSB brief of accident DCA94MA022 1994 12 27 Retrieved 2007 02 24 Collogan David 6 November 2006 NTSB Critical Of Failures In Challenger Overrun At TEB aviationweek com Archived from the original on 9 July 2011 Retrieved 2007 02 25 The Associated Press 1 May 2007 Lidle crash was pilot error New York Daily News Retrieved 22 April 2023 Pilots blamed for friendly fire deaths BBC News 2002 06 28 Retrieved 2007 03 01 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Airmanship amp oldid 1164083938 Principles, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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