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Austin Church

January 01, 1970

Austin Church (January 8, 1799 – August 7, 1879) was an American medical doctor and a pioneer of bicarbonate of soda manufacturing. He was a co-founder of the company that first developed the product in America from chemical compound salts. His company was the first to use the Arm & Hammer trademark to sell the product as a baking soda. He was a businessman involved with merchandising the soda product in a variety of uses from cooking and cleaning ingredients to health product supplements. As a philanthropist Church was involved with charities across the United States.

Austin Church
Born(1799-01-08)January 8, 1799
East Haddam, Connecticut
DiedAugust 7, 1879(1879-08-07) (aged 80)
Brooklyn, New York
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Businessman, manufacturer, medical doctor
Known forpioneer of bicarbonate of soda

Early life edit

 
Arm & Hammer trade card from the 1870s
 
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Church was born in East Haddam, Connecticut, on January 8, 1799. He was the son of Oliver Church, a school teacher, and Elizabeth (née Cone) Church.[1] His mother and father died while he was still a child, leaving him an orphan with little means. However, Church was able to finish high school and put himself through Yale Medical School to become a medical doctor.[2] He began his medical career in Utica, New York, in 1824. In 1826 he moved to and practiced in Cooperstown, New York, and in 1829 went to Ithaca, New York.[1]

Career edit

In 1834, Church began to experiment with sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide to try to find a yeast substitute for making bread rise while being baked. Bicarbonate of soda became a replacement for the potash then used for baking. Church gave up his medical practice and established a factory to make pearlash and saleratus in Rochester, New York.[1] He partnered with his brother-in-law John Dwight in 1846 and started manufacturing baking soda from Dwight's farmhouse kitchen.[3][4] Church and Dwight called their business John Dwight & Company and in 1847 moved to New York City, just west of 10th Avenue at 25th Street.[1][3] Their product became the first commercially produced bicarbonate of soda manufactured in the United States.[5][6]

Church and Dwight packaged the product themselves in one-pound (450 g) brightly colored bags for grocery store shelves.[7] The sales increased from 1 short ton (910 kg) of production in 1846 to over 10,000 short tons (9,100,000 kg) a year thirty years later. The factory that produced the baking soda was in Brooklyn, where Church lived for twenty-five years. The main office of the company was on Front Street in Rochester, New York.[2] In the mid-1860s, Church and Dwight showed an interest in their sons becoming partners in their company, but a recent investor in the company objected because he did not like the idea of them intruding.[8] Church resigned from the company, and founded Church & Company of Massachusetts with his sons in 1867. They used the Arm & Hammer trademark (hammer-wielding arm of Vulcan the god of fire)[9] from the Vulcan Spice Mills company, which was owned by one of Church's sons.[10][11][12] They used the well recognized trademark to sell the Arm & Hammer Baking Soda product for hundreds of uses in cooking and cleaning and marketed it worldwide.[9][13]

Church's soda product was the same as Dwight's product, which he continued selling under the Cow Brand trademark. Church and Dwight remained friends and competed for 29 years.[14] The two firms were joined again in 1896 by the descendants of the founders and became the Church & Dwight Company.[4] The Cow Brand and Arm & Hammer Brand were seen by the public as one and the same, so both logos were used after the merger. For example, they gave away recipe books with both trademarks on the cover. For fifty years, the company was one of the most well-known grocery store supply vendors in the United States. Dwight was the first president of Church and Dwight Company and kept this position until his death in 1903.[15] Arm & Hammer's sales of their product had increased 25 percent a year from 1970 through 1995. There were 300 industrial uses for the soda product in North America by 1995, some of which were for environmental purposes.[16]

Philanthropy edit

Church was known as a generous contributor to various charities in Brooklyn,[17] one being the New York Association for Improvement of the Poor.[2][18][19]

Family edit

On May 3, 1827, Church married Nancy Dwight; she was the daughter of Elihu Dwight, a physician of South Hadley, Massachusetts.[1] They had two sons and two daughters.[1] Nancy was the older sibling to John Dwight.[3]

Later life and death edit

Church retired from the bicarbonate of soda manufacturing business in 1876. He lived to celebrate his golden wedding anniversary in 1877.[20] Church died in Brooklyn, New York, on August 7, 1879.[1] His two sons, E. Dwight Church and James Austin Church, managed Church and Dwight Company after his death.[2]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Yale University 1859, p. 412.
  2. ^ a b c d Hall 1895, p. 141.
  3. ^ a b c Jorgensen 1994, p. 16.
  4. ^ a b "Baking Soda first made in South Hadley in 1846". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. October 28, 1926. p. 31 – via Newspapers.com  . Dr. Church started the manufacture of bicarbonate of soda in this country, the first factory being the kitchen of his home.
  5. ^ "Church & Dwight Co". Syracuse Herald-Journal. Syracuse, New York. March 20, 1939. p. D13 – via Newspapers.com  . Nearly a century ago Dr. Austin Church and John Dwight joined to produce the first bicarbonate made in the Western Hemisphere.
  6. ^ "Baking Soda / The household 'geni' in a box". Logansport Pharos-Tribune. Logansport, Indiana. September 28, 1984. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com  . Bicarbonate of sada has been made in America since 1839. Prior to that it was imported and expensive. Rochester, N.Y., is where made-in-America baking soda first was concocted by Dr. Austin Church. He teamed up about seven years later with his brother-in-law, John Dwight, in New York City in what became a multi-million dollar company.
  7. ^ Allen, Ida Bailey (October 14, 1961). "Ordinary Baking Soda Kitchen Fire-Fighter". Tyrone Daily Herald. Tyrone, Pennsylvania. United Press International. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com  .
  8. ^ Williams 2017, p. 66.
  9. ^ a b Moore, Connie (November 23, 2008). "Baking soda helps make the cake". Springfield News-Sun. Springfield, Ohio. p. C9 – via Newspapers.com  .
  10. ^ "What is the origin of the Arm & Hammer trademark". Alton Evening Telegraph. Alton, Illinois. January 6, 1947. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com  . Q. What is the origin of the Arm & Hammer trade-mark used on boxes of baking soda? A.The firm of Church and Sons was established by Dr. Austin Church and two sons to produce soda in about 1846. One of the sons had owned the Vulcan Spice Mills which had the arm and hammer trade-mark. This was adopted by the new firm.
  11. ^ Rice 1994, p. 55.
  12. ^ Grant 2005, p. 78.
  13. ^ Douglas, Anne (December 28, 1979). "Grandma's wonder products are still going strong". Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com  .
  14. ^ Williams 2017, p. 67.
  15. ^ White 1935, p. 310.
  16. ^ Hamlin, Suzanne (January 10, 1996). "The powder and the Glory". The Charlotte Observer. Charlotte, North Carolina. p. 39 – via Newspapers.com  .
  17. ^ "The late Austin Church, M.D." Democrat and Chronicle. Rockchester, New York. August 11, 1879. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com  . He was a member of the American Institute and of the New York Association for the Improvement of the Poor.
  18. ^ "Austin Church, M.D." New York Daily Herald. New York, New York. August 9, 1879. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com  . ...charity among the sick during the cholera epidemic in 1832...
  19. ^ "Dr. Austin Church". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. August 8, 1879. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com  . He was a member of the American Institute and of the New York Association for the Improvement of the Poor.
  20. ^ Herringshaw 1904, p. 215.

Sources edit

  • Grant, Tina (1 February 2005). Directory of Company Histories. St. James Press. ISBN 978-1-55862-543-3.
  • Hall, Henry (1895). America's Successful Men... New York tribune. p. 141. OCLC 866423166. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)
  • Herringshaw, Thomas William (1904). Herringshaw's Encyclopedia... American Publishers' Association. OCLC 844003736.
  • Jorgensen, Janice (1994). Encyclopedia of Consumer Brands. Saint James Press. ISBN 978-1-55862-336-1.
  • Rice, Randall Peter (1994). Beyond The Bottom Line... Randall Peter Rice. The Arm & Hammer trademark came from another Church family business, Vulcan Spice Mills.
  • White, James T. (1935). Austin Church. James T. White & Company, Volume 24. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  • Williams, Robert Jr and Helena (21 April 2017). Vintage Marketing. Palgrave Macmillan US. ISBN 978-1-137-38721-9. John R. Maurice, who was a recent investor in the company, objected to the son's intrusion, so Church eventually resigned from the company.
  • Yale University (1859). Yale University. Yale University. OCLC 883798902.

External links edit

  • Arm & Hammer Homepage

January 01, 1970
austin, church, january, 1799, august, 1879, american, medical, doctor, pioneer, bicarbonate, soda, manufacturing, founder, company, that, first, developed, product, america, from, chemical, compound, salts, company, first, hammer, trademark, sell, product, ba. Austin Church January 8 1799 August 7 1879 was an American medical doctor and a pioneer of bicarbonate of soda manufacturing He was a co founder of the company that first developed the product in America from chemical compound salts His company was the first to use the Arm amp Hammer trademark to sell the product as a baking soda He was a businessman involved with merchandising the soda product in a variety of uses from cooking and cleaning ingredients to health product supplements As a philanthropist Church was involved with charities across the United States Austin ChurchBorn 1799 01 08 January 8 1799East Haddam ConnecticutDiedAugust 7 1879 1879 08 07 aged 80 Brooklyn New YorkNationalityAmericanOccupation s Businessman manufacturer medical doctorKnown forpioneer of bicarbonate of soda Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Philanthropy 4 Family 5 Later life and death 6 References 7 Sources 8 External linksEarly life edit nbsp Arm amp Hammer trade card from the 1870s nbsp Advertisement Church was born in East Haddam Connecticut on January 8 1799 He was the son of Oliver Church a school teacher and Elizabeth nee Cone Church 1 His mother and father died while he was still a child leaving him an orphan with little means However Church was able to finish high school and put himself through Yale Medical School to become a medical doctor 2 He began his medical career in Utica New York in 1824 In 1826 he moved to and practiced in Cooperstown New York and in 1829 went to Ithaca New York 1 Career editIn 1834 Church began to experiment with sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide to try to find a yeast substitute for making bread rise while being baked Bicarbonate of soda became a replacement for the potash then used for baking Church gave up his medical practice and established a factory to make pearlash and saleratus in Rochester New York 1 He partnered with his brother in law John Dwight in 1846 and started manufacturing baking soda from Dwight s farmhouse kitchen 3 4 Church and Dwight called their business John Dwight amp Company and in 1847 moved to New York City just west of 10th Avenue at 25th Street 1 3 Their product became the first commercially produced bicarbonate of soda manufactured in the United States 5 6 Church and Dwight packaged the product themselves in one pound 450 g brightly colored bags for grocery store shelves 7 The sales increased from 1 short ton 910 kg of production in 1846 to over 10 000 short tons 9 100 000 kg a year thirty years later The factory that produced the baking soda was in Brooklyn where Church lived for twenty five years The main office of the company was on Front Street in Rochester New York 2 In the mid 1860s Church and Dwight showed an interest in their sons becoming partners in their company but a recent investor in the company objected because he did not like the idea of them intruding 8 Church resigned from the company and founded Church amp Company of Massachusetts with his sons in 1867 They used the Arm amp Hammer trademark hammer wielding arm of Vulcan the god of fire 9 from the Vulcan Spice Mills company which was owned by one of Church s sons 10 11 12 They used the well recognized trademark to sell the Arm amp Hammer Baking Soda product for hundreds of uses in cooking and cleaning and marketed it worldwide 9 13 Church s soda product was the same as Dwight s product which he continued selling under the Cow Brand trademark Church and Dwight remained friends and competed for 29 years 14 The two firms were joined again in 1896 by the descendants of the founders and became the Church amp Dwight Company 4 The Cow Brand and Arm amp Hammer Brand were seen by the public as one and the same so both logos were used after the merger For example they gave away recipe books with both trademarks on the cover For fifty years the company was one of the most well known grocery store supply vendors in the United States Dwight was the first president of Church and Dwight Company and kept this position until his death in 1903 15 Arm amp Hammer s sales of their product had increased 25 percent a year from 1970 through 1995 There were 300 industrial uses for the soda product in North America by 1995 some of which were for environmental purposes 16 Philanthropy editChurch was known as a generous contributor to various charities in Brooklyn 17 one being the New York Association for Improvement of the Poor 2 18 19 Family editOn May 3 1827 Church married Nancy Dwight she was the daughter of Elihu Dwight a physician of South Hadley Massachusetts 1 They had two sons and two daughters 1 Nancy was the older sibling to John Dwight 3 Later life and death editChurch retired from the bicarbonate of soda manufacturing business in 1876 He lived to celebrate his golden wedding anniversary in 1877 20 Church died in Brooklyn New York on August 7 1879 1 His two sons E Dwight Church and James Austin Church managed Church and Dwight Company after his death 2 References edit a b c d e f g Yale University 1859 p 412 a b c d Hall 1895 p 141 a b c Jorgensen 1994 p 16 a b Baking Soda first made in South Hadley in 1846 The Boston Globe Boston Massachusetts October 28 1926 p 31 via Newspapers com nbsp Dr Church started the manufacture of bicarbonate of soda in this country the first factory being the kitchen of his home Church amp Dwight Co Syracuse Herald Journal Syracuse New York March 20 1939 p D13 via Newspapers com nbsp Nearly a century ago Dr Austin Church and John Dwight joined to produce the first bicarbonate made in the Western Hemisphere Baking Soda The household geni in a box Logansport Pharos Tribune Logansport Indiana September 28 1984 p 6 via Newspapers com nbsp Bicarbonate of sada has been made in America since 1839 Prior to that it was imported and expensive Rochester N Y is where made in America baking soda first was concocted by Dr Austin Church He teamed up about seven years later with his brother in law John Dwight in New York City in what became a multi million dollar company Allen Ida Bailey October 14 1961 Ordinary Baking Soda Kitchen Fire Fighter Tyrone Daily Herald Tyrone Pennsylvania United Press International p 5 via Newspapers com nbsp Williams 2017 p 66 a b Moore Connie November 23 2008 Baking soda helps make the cake Springfield News Sun Springfield Ohio p C9 via Newspapers com nbsp What is the origin of the Arm amp Hammer trademark Alton Evening Telegraph Alton Illinois January 6 1947 p 4 via Newspapers com nbsp Q What is the origin of the Arm amp Hammer trade mark used on boxes of baking soda A The firm of Church and Sons was established by Dr Austin Church and two sons to produce soda in about 1846 One of the sons had owned the Vulcan Spice Mills which had the arm and hammer trade mark This was adopted by the new firm Rice 1994 p 55 Grant 2005 p 78 Douglas Anne December 28 1979 Grandma s wonder products are still going strong Detroit Free Press Detroit Michigan p 17 via Newspapers com nbsp Williams 2017 p 67 White 1935 p 310 Hamlin Suzanne January 10 1996 The powder and the Glory The Charlotte Observer Charlotte North Carolina p 39 via Newspapers com nbsp The late Austin Church M D Democrat and Chronicle Rockchester New York August 11 1879 p 4 via Newspapers com nbsp He was a member of the American Institute and of the New York Association for the Improvement of the Poor Austin Church M D New York Daily Herald New York New York August 9 1879 p 10 via Newspapers com nbsp charity among the sick during the cholera epidemic in 1832 Dr Austin Church Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn New York August 8 1879 p 4 via Newspapers com nbsp He was a member of the American Institute and of the New York Association for the Improvement of the Poor Herringshaw 1904 p 215 Sources editGrant Tina 1 February 2005 Directory of Company Histories St James Press ISBN 978 1 55862 543 3 Hall Henry 1895 America s Successful Men New York tribune p 141 OCLC 866423166 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a newspaper ignored help Herringshaw Thomas William 1904 Herringshaw s Encyclopedia American Publishers Association OCLC 844003736 Jorgensen Janice 1994 Encyclopedia of Consumer Brands Saint James Press ISBN 978 1 55862 336 1 Rice Randall Peter 1994 Beyond The Bottom Line Randall Peter Rice The Arm amp Hammer trademark came from another Church family business Vulcan Spice Mills White James T 1935 Austin Church James T White amp Company Volume 24 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Williams Robert Jr and Helena 21 April 2017 Vintage Marketing Palgrave Macmillan US ISBN 978 1 137 38721 9 John R Maurice who was a recent investor in the company objected to the son s intrusion so Church eventually resigned from the company Yale University 1859 Yale University Yale University OCLC 883798902 External links editArm amp Hammer Homepage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Austin Church amp oldid 1179393819, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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