Atmospheric icing occurs in the atmosphere when water droplets suspended in air freeze on objects they come in contact with. It is not the same as freezing rain, which is caused directly by precipitation. Icing conditions can be particularly dangerous to aircraft, as the built-up ice changes the aerodynamics of the flight surfaces and airframe, which can increase the risk of a stall and potentially accidents. For this reason, on-board ice protection systems have been developed on aircraft intended to fly through these conditions.
Water does not always freeze at 0 °C (32 °F). Water that persists in liquid state below this temperature is said to be supercooled, and supercooled water droplets cause icing on aircraft. Below −20 °C (−4 °F), icing is rare because clouds at these temperatures usually consist of ice particles rather than supercooled water droplets. Below −48 °C (−54 °F), supercooled water always freezes; therefore, icing is impossible.[1]
Atmospheric icing also occurs on towers, wind turbines, boats, oil rigs, and trees. Unmanned aircraft are particularly sensitive to icing.[2] In cold climates, particularly those at higher elevations, atmospheric icing is common in winter as elevated terrain interacts with supercooled clouds that can cause icing on contact.[3] Ice loads are a major cause of catastrophic failures of overhead electrical power lines, as power lines can break under the sheer weight of accumulated ice. Therefore, estimation of maximum potential ice load is crucial in the structural design of power line systems to withstand ice loads,[4] and this can be done with numerical icing models and examples that include meteorological data.[5]
^Moore, Emily; Valeria Molinero (24 November 2011). "structural transformation in supercooled water controls the crystallization rate of ice". Nature. 479 (7374): 506–508. arXiv:1107.1622. Bibcode:2011Natur.479..506M. doi:10.1038/nature10586. PMID 22113691. S2CID 1784703.
^Hann, Richard; Johansen, Tor (2020). "Unsettled Topics in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Icing (EPR2020008 Research Report) - SAE Mobilus". saemobilus.sae.org. doi:10.4271/epr2020008. S2CID 226200723. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
^Yang, Jing; Jones, Kathleen F.; Yu, Wei; Morris, Robert (2012-09-08). "Simulation of in-cloud icing events on Mount Washington with the GEM-LAM". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 117 (D17): n/a. Bibcode:2012JGRD..11717204Y. doi:10.1029/2012jd017520. ISSN 0148-0227.
^Farzaneh, M. (2008) Atmospheric Icing of Power Networks. Springer Science & Business Media, 2008, 381 p. ISBN978-1-4020-8530-7
^Makkonen, L. (2000) Models for the growth of rime, glaze, icicles and wet snow deposits on structures. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, 358 (1776): 2913-2939.
Sources
: Pilot Precautions and Procedures to be taken in Preventing Aircraft Reciprocating Engine Induction System and Fuel System Icing Problems
: Hazards Following Ground Deicing and Ground Operations in Conditions Conducive to Aircraft Icing
: Turbojet, Turboprop, and Turbofan Engine Induction System Icing and Ice Ingestion
: Icing on wind turbines
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atmospheric icing.
Airline Regulators Grapple With Engine-Shutdown Peril WSJ April 7, 2008
Supercooled liquid water and airframe icing
February 15, 2024
atmospheric, icing, occurs, atmosphere, when, water, droplets, suspended, freeze, objects, they, come, contact, with, same, freezing, rain, which, caused, directly, precipitation, icing, conditions, particularly, dangerous, aircraft, built, changes, aerodynami. Atmospheric icing occurs in the atmosphere when water droplets suspended in air freeze on objects they come in contact with It is not the same as freezing rain which is caused directly by precipitation Icing conditions can be particularly dangerous to aircraft as the built up ice changes the aerodynamics of the flight surfaces and airframe which can increase the risk of a stall and potentially accidents For this reason on board ice protection systems have been developed on aircraft intended to fly through these conditions The effect of atmospheric icing on a tree in the Black Forest of GermanyWater does not always freeze at 0 C 32 F Water that persists in liquid state below this temperature is said to be supercooled and supercooled water droplets cause icing on aircraft Below 20 C 4 F icing is rare because clouds at these temperatures usually consist of ice particles rather than supercooled water droplets Below 48 C 54 F supercooled water always freezes therefore icing is impossible 1 Atmospheric icing also occurs on towers wind turbines boats oil rigs and trees Unmanned aircraft are particularly sensitive to icing 2 In cold climates particularly those at higher elevations atmospheric icing is common in winter as elevated terrain interacts with supercooled clouds that can cause icing on contact 3 Ice loads are a major cause of catastrophic failures of overhead electrical power lines as power lines can break under the sheer weight of accumulated ice Therefore estimation of maximum potential ice load is crucial in the structural design of power line systems to withstand ice loads 4 and this can be done with numerical icing models and examples that include meteorological data 5 See also editCondensation Frost Hard rime Soft rime Icing nautical References edit Moore Emily Valeria Molinero 24 November 2011 structural transformation in supercooled water controls the crystallization rate of ice Nature 479 7374 506 508 arXiv 1107 1622 Bibcode 2011Natur 479 506M doi 10 1038 nature10586 PMID 22113691 S2CID 1784703 Hann Richard Johansen Tor 2020 Unsettled Topics in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Icing EPR2020008 Research Report SAE Mobilus saemobilus sae org doi 10 4271 epr2020008 S2CID 226200723 Retrieved 2021 02 14 Yang Jing Jones Kathleen F Yu Wei Morris Robert 2012 09 08 Simulation of in cloud icing events on Mount Washington with the GEM LAM Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 117 D17 n a Bibcode 2012JGRD 11717204Y doi 10 1029 2012jd017520 ISSN 0148 0227 Farzaneh M 2008 Atmospheric Icing of Power Networks Springer Science amp Business Media 2008 381 p ISBN 978 1 4020 8530 7 Makkonen L 2000 Models for the growth of rime glaze icicles and wet snow deposits on structures Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A 358 1776 2913 2939 SourcesFAA U S Advisory Circular 20 113 Pilot Precautions and Procedures to be taken in Preventing Aircraft Reciprocating Engine Induction System and Fuel System Icing Problems FAA U S Advisory Circular 20 117 Hazards Following Ground Deicing and Ground Operations in Conditions Conducive to Aircraft Icing FAA U S Advisory Circular 20 147 Turbojet Turboprop and Turbofan Engine Induction System Icing and Ice Ingestion Wind Energy in Cold Climates Icing on wind turbinesExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atmospheric icing Airline Regulators Grapple With Engine Shutdown Peril WSJ April 7 2008 Supercooled liquid water and airframe icing Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Atmospheric icing amp oldid 1195674388, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
