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Arslan Tash amulets

The Arslan Tash amulets are talismans found at Arslan Tash (Turkish: Arslan Taş, literally "Lion Stone") in northwest Syria, the site of ancient Hadatu. They are to be distinguished from larger finds such as the Arslan Tash reliefs. The inscriptions on the tablets are known as KAI 27.

Arslan Tash amulet

Discovery

In 1933, Robert du Mesnil du Buisson purchased from a peasant[1] two inscribed limestone plaques "Arslan Tash 1" ("AT1") and the smaller "Arslan Tash 2" ("AT2") which are now in the Museum of Aleppo. His drawings and photographs of AT1 were published in 1939.[2] Count du Mesnil du Buisson made gypsum casts of the tablets, though these are now lost.[3]

Description

Since the small rectangular plaque had a hole in one end it was identified as an amulet. On the obverse is a lamassu (a winged lion with a human head, a talismanic figure) standing over a she-wolf with a scorpion's tail (a demonic figure) devouring a male or female figure. On the reverse is a marching god with late-Assyrian headgear carrying an axe instead of the expected lightning bolt.

The limestone plaque "AT1" includes incantations meant to deter demons from entering the household, and the appeals to such deities as Assur, Baal, Horon, and to Heaven and Earth.[4]

Nevertheless, rather than 'Assur', some scholars interpret the inscription as referring to the female deity Asherah.

"Although other scholars like T. Caster (1942) proposed reading the first god-name as Asur rather than Asherah, Cross and Saley (1970:46) support the "Asherah" reading..."[5]

Mesnil du Buisson and Caquot published AT2 in 1971. It shows a male demon, "m-z-h". It measures 53 by 33 mm. and contains short inscriptions on both sides that are written in the same language and script as the first amulet.[6]

Translations

Working from du Mesnil du Buisson's photographs, and in some cases casts, the text on the plaque "AT1" was translated from the Phoenician by Dupont-Sommer (1939),[7] Albright (1939),[8] Gaster (1942)[9] (1947)[10] Torczyner (1947)[11] Cross and Saley (1970)[12] Texidor (1971)[13] Caquot (1973),[14] and Röllig (1974).[15] Albright introduced some readings which have now been shown to be incorrect; modern scholarship now follows Caquot.[citation needed]

The text includes a broken word lly- which with the addition of -t could possibly be analogous to the Hebrew Lilith, or ll wyn "night and day".[16][17]

Authenticity

The authenticity of the amulets AT1 and AT2 has been questioned, particularly by J. Teixidor and P. Amiet (1983), who examined the originals in the National Museum of Aleppo.[18][19] However Jacobus van Dijk (1992) defends the tablets as genuine.[20][21] Dennis Pardee (1998) leaves the matter open to question.[22][23][24]

Most scholars accept the authenticity of Arslan Tash amulet AT1 at this time.[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ Syria 75–76 Edmond Pottier, René Dussaud, Gaston Migeon – 1998 "En tout cas, ce paysan les a vendus "pour un faible prix" au Comte du Mesnil du Buisson lors de sa visite du site"
  2. ^ Robert du Mesnil du Boisson, "Une tablette magique de la région du moyen Euphrate", in Mélanges syriens offerts a monsieur René Dussaud par ses amis et ses élèves 1, Paris, 1939, 421–34
  3. ^ Letter from Prof. Caquot to van Dijk, dated 13 October 1989
  4. ^ Brown, W. (2019, February 26). Arslan Tash Amulet. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Arslan_Tash_Amulet/
  5. ^ Willett, E.A.R. 1999. Women and household shrines in ancient Israel. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona, p. 354
  6. ^ Willett, E.A.R. 1999. Women and household shrines in ancient Israel. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona, p. 367
  7. ^ A. Dupont-Sommer: "L'Inscription de l'amulette d'Arslan Tash" in RHR, Paris, 1939,
  8. ^ BASOR 1939
  9. ^ T. H. Gaster: "A Canaanitic Magical Text" in OR, Rome, 1942, Vol. XI, p. 41ff 4.
  10. ^ Gaster "The Magical Inscription from Arslan Tash," JNES 6 (1947), pp. 186–188;
  11. ^ H. Torczyner, "A Hebrew Incantation Against Night Demons from Biblical Times," JNES 6 (1947) on JSTOR
  12. ^ Frank Moore Cross, Jr. and Richard J. Saley, "Phoenician Incantations on a Plaque of the Seventh Century b.c. from Arslan Tash in Upper Syria", BASOR 197 (1970), 42–9.
  13. ^ J. Teixidor, Syria 48 (1971), 472–4.
  14. ^ A. Caquot, "Observations sur la Premiere Tablette Magique d'Arslan Tash", JANES 5 (1973), 45–51.
  15. ^ W. Röllig: "Die Amulette von Arslan Tash" in Neue Ephemeris für Semitische Epigraphik. Wiesbaden, 1974,
  16. ^ Manfred Hutter, Sylvia Hutter-Braunsar Offizielle Religion, lokale Kulte und individuelle Religiosität 2004
  17. ^ Guy Bunnens,J. D. Hawkins,I. Leirens A new Luwian stele and the cult of the storm-god at Til Barsib-Masuwari
  18. ^ J. Texidor, 'Les tablettes d'Arslan Tash au Musee d'Alep', Aula Orientalis 1(1983), pp. 105–8 (106).
  19. ^ P. Amiet, 'Observations sur les "Tabletter Magiques" d'Arslan Tash', Aula Orientalis 1(1983), p. 109
  20. ^ van Dijk pdf
  21. ^ Oscar White Muscarella The lie became great: the forgery of ancient Near Eastern cultures 2000 Page 181 "In their most recent publication by J. van Dijk, "The Authenticity of the Arslan Tash Amulets," Iraq, LIV, 1992: pp. 65–68, they are claimed as authentic"
  22. ^ D. Pardee, Les documents d' Arslan Tash : authentiques ou faux?, Syria 75 (1998) pp. 15–54
  23. ^ Judit M. Blair De-demonising the Old Testament 2009 Page 27 "On a seventh or eighth century BCE limestone plaque, discovered at Arslan Tash, Syria, we have an incantation to expel child-killing demons ... Torczyner argues that the incantation is directed against the demons of darkness in general"
  24. ^ Yitsḥaḳ Avishur Phoenician inscriptions and the Bible: select inscriptions 2000
  25. ^ Brown, W. (2019, February 26). Arslan Tash Amulet. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Arslan_Tash_Amulet/

Literature

  • Willett, E.A.R. 1999. Women and household shrines in ancient Israel. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona.
  • Brown, W. (2019, February 26). Arslan Tash Amulet. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Arslan_Tash_Amulet

arslan, tash, amulets, talismans, found, arslan, tash, turkish, arslan, taş, literally, lion, stone, northwest, syria, site, ancient, hadatu, they, distinguished, from, larger, finds, such, arslan, tash, reliefs, inscriptions, tablets, known, arslan, tash, amu. The Arslan Tash amulets are talismans found at Arslan Tash Turkish Arslan Tas literally Lion Stone in northwest Syria the site of ancient Hadatu They are to be distinguished from larger finds such as the Arslan Tash reliefs The inscriptions on the tablets are known as KAI 27 Arslan Tash amulet Contents 1 Discovery 2 Description 3 Translations 4 Authenticity 5 See also 6 References 7 LiteratureDiscovery EditIn 1933 Robert du Mesnil du Buisson purchased from a peasant 1 two inscribed limestone plaques Arslan Tash 1 AT1 and the smaller Arslan Tash 2 AT2 which are now in the Museum of Aleppo His drawings and photographs of AT1 were published in 1939 2 Count du Mesnil du Buisson made gypsum casts of the tablets though these are now lost 3 Description EditSince the small rectangular plaque had a hole in one end it was identified as an amulet On the obverse is a lamassu a winged lion with a human head a talismanic figure standing over a she wolf with a scorpion s tail a demonic figure devouring a male or female figure On the reverse is a marching god with late Assyrian headgear carrying an axe instead of the expected lightning bolt The limestone plaque AT1 includes incantations meant to deter demons from entering the household and the appeals to such deities as Assur Baal Horon and to Heaven and Earth 4 Nevertheless rather than Assur some scholars interpret the inscription as referring to the female deity Asherah Although other scholars like T Caster 1942 proposed reading the first god name as Asur rather than Asherah Cross and Saley 1970 46 support the Asherah reading 5 Mesnil du Buisson and Caquot published AT2 in 1971 It shows a male demon m z h It measures 53 by 33 mm and contains short inscriptions on both sides that are written in the same language and script as the first amulet 6 Translations EditWorking from du Mesnil du Buisson s photographs and in some cases casts the text on the plaque AT1 was translated from the Phoenician by Dupont Sommer 1939 7 Albright 1939 8 Gaster 1942 9 1947 10 Torczyner 1947 11 Cross and Saley 1970 12 Texidor 1971 13 Caquot 1973 14 and Rollig 1974 15 Albright introduced some readings which have now been shown to be incorrect modern scholarship now follows Caquot citation needed The text includes a broken word lly which with the addition of t could possibly be analogous to the Hebrew Lilith or ll wyn night and day 16 17 Authenticity EditThe authenticity of the amulets AT1 and AT2 has been questioned particularly by J Teixidor and P Amiet 1983 who examined the originals in the National Museum of Aleppo 18 19 However Jacobus van Dijk 1992 defends the tablets as genuine 20 21 Dennis Pardee 1998 leaves the matter open to question 22 23 24 Most scholars accept the authenticity of Arslan Tash amulet AT1 at this time 25 See also EditCanaanite and Aramaic inscriptionsReferences Edit Syria 75 76 Edmond Pottier Rene Dussaud Gaston Migeon 1998 En tout cas ce paysan les a vendus pour un faible prix au Comte du Mesnil du Buisson lors de sa visite du site Robert du Mesnil du Boisson Une tablette magique de la region du moyen Euphrate in Melanges syriens offerts a monsieur Rene Dussaud par ses amis et ses eleves 1 Paris 1939 421 34 Letter from Prof Caquot to van Dijk dated 13 October 1989 Brown W 2019 February 26 Arslan Tash Amulet World History Encyclopedia Retrieved from https www worldhistory org Arslan Tash Amulet Willett E A R 1999 Women and household shrines in ancient Israel PhD dissertation University of Arizona p 354 Willett E A R 1999 Women and household shrines in ancient Israel PhD dissertation University of Arizona p 367 A Dupont Sommer L Inscription de l amulette d Arslan Tash in RHR Paris 1939 BASOR 1939 T H Gaster A Canaanitic Magical Text in OR Rome 1942 Vol XI p 41ff 4 Gaster The Magical Inscription from Arslan Tash JNES 6 1947 pp 186 188 H Torczyner A Hebrew Incantation Against Night Demons from Biblical Times JNES 6 1947 on JSTOR Frank Moore Cross Jr and Richard J Saley Phoenician Incantations on a Plaque of the Seventh Century b c from Arslan Tash in Upper Syria BASOR 197 1970 42 9 J Teixidor Syria 48 1971 472 4 A Caquot Observations sur la Premiere Tablette Magique d Arslan Tash JANES 5 1973 45 51 W Rollig Die Amulette von Arslan Tash in Neue Ephemeris fur Semitische Epigraphik Wiesbaden 1974 Manfred Hutter Sylvia Hutter Braunsar Offizielle Religion lokale Kulte und individuelle Religiositat 2004 Guy Bunnens J D Hawkins I Leirens A new Luwian stele and the cult of the storm god at Til Barsib Masuwari J Texidor Les tablettes d Arslan Tash au Musee d Alep Aula Orientalis 1 1983 pp 105 8 106 P Amiet Observations sur les Tabletter Magiques d Arslan Tash Aula Orientalis 1 1983 p 109 van Dijk pdf Oscar White Muscarella The lie became great the forgery of ancient Near Eastern cultures 2000 Page 181 In their most recent publication by J van Dijk The Authenticity of the Arslan Tash Amulets Iraq LIV 1992 pp 65 68 they are claimed as authentic D Pardee Les documents d Arslan Tash authentiques ou faux Syria 75 1998 pp 15 54 Judit M Blair De demonising the Old Testament 2009 Page 27 On a seventh or eighth century BCE limestone plaque discovered at Arslan Tash Syria we have an incantation to expel child killing demons Torczyner argues that the incantation is directed against the demons of darkness in general Yitsḥaḳ Avishur Phoenician inscriptions and the Bible select inscriptions 2000 Brown W 2019 February 26 Arslan Tash Amulet World History Encyclopedia Retrieved from https www worldhistory org Arslan Tash Amulet Literature EditWillett E A R 1999 Women and household shrines in ancient Israel PhD dissertation University of Arizona Brown W 2019 February 26 Arslan Tash Amulet World History Encyclopedia Retrieved from https www worldhistory org Arslan Tash Amulet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arslan Tash amulets amp oldid 1083448262, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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