Poorly supplied (uniforms and shoes were rare), and only getting reinforcements irregularly, the Army of Italy was sometimes reduced to looting to survive. When Bonaparte arrived (he took up command on 27 March 1796), indiscipline was rife. Chouan songs were sung by the troops, and a company of the Dauphin was formed. All the while improving the supply system as much as possible, Bonaparte also reestablished discipline. He condemned officers who had cried Vive le roi !, (English: "Live the king!"), dismissed the 13th regiment of hussards for indiscipline and dissolved an entire regiment when it revolted at the end of March. Purged in this way, the Army of Italy was subsequently the most Jacobin of all the French armies.
Its first victories improved things – allowing better resupply and easing pay problems through "war contributions" from the conquered lands – but memoirs (though not official communiques) speak of individual or collective failures right up to 1797.
Reserve armyedit
Much of the original Armée d'Italie became the Army of Egypt. Another army, originally called the armée de Réserve, was formed at Dijon on 8 March 1800 (17 ventôse year VIII) and took the title Armée d'Italie on 23 June 1800 (4 messidor year VIII) when it was merged with the remains of the original Armée d'Italie. The new army's first commander was Masséna, followed by Bonaparte (as First Consul and "Commander in person") and général Berthier (its 'Général en chef' from 2 April to 23 June 1800).[1] It was under Berthier that this army beat the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800 (25 prairial year 8).[2]
from 13 to 15 November, provisionally until the arrival of General Dugommier: General Doppet
from 16 November to 28 December: General Dugommier with the title of General and commander of the Army of Italy (général en chef de armée d'Italie)
from 29 December 1793 to 21 November 1794: General Pierre Jardat Dumerbion (with Napoleon Bonaparte and Andre Massena as subordinates)
from 21 November 1794 to 5 May 1795: General Schérer
from 6 May to 28 September 1795: General Kellermann,[α] commanded the merged Army of Italy and Army of the Alps (armée des Alpes), with the designation of the Army of Italy
from 29 September 1795 to 26 March 1796: General Schérer, resigned
from 27 March 1796 to 16 November 1797: General Bonaparte
from 17 November to 21 December 1797, interim: General Kilmaine
from 22 December 1797 to 3 April 1798: General Berthier
from 1 November 1798 to 31 January 1799: General Joubert, as part of the overall command of the Army of Rome (armée de Rome). From 11 to 25 December, the army's commander was effectively General Moreau.
^"The consular magistracy was essentially civil, the principal of the division of powers and of ministers' responsibilities made it undesirable that the first magistrate of the Republic should be immediately in command of an Armée; but no disposition, just as no principle, would oppose that which was present ... As it turned out, the First Consul commanded the armée de réserve, and Berthier, his major général, took the title général en chef." : Memoirs of Napoléon, vol. VI, p. 196
^Alexandre Berthier, Relation de la bataille de Marengo ...; Paris 1805. // Le Capitaine de Cugnac, Campagne de l’armée de Réserve en 1800; Paris 1900
^Napoleon's Italian Campaign 1805–1815. Frederich C. Schneid. 2002. pp. 161–200.[ISBN missing]
Sourcesedit
C. Clerget : Tableaux des armées françaises pendant les guerres de la Révolution (Librairie militaire 1905) ;
April 12, 2024
army, italy, france, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, army, italy, france, news, newspapers, books, s. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Army of Italy France news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Army of Italy French Armee d Italie was a field army of the French Army stationed on the Italian border and used for operations in Italy itself Though it existed in some form in the 16th century through to the present citation needed it is best known for its role during the French Revolutionary Wars in which it was one of the early commands of Napoleon Bonaparte during his Italian campaign and Napoleonic Wars General Napoleon Bonaparte commander of the Armee d Italie on the bridge at Arcole Contents 1 History 1 1 Bonaparte s reforms 1 2 Reserve army 2 Commanders 3 Campaigns and battles 4 1805 1814 5 References 6 SourcesHistory edit nbsp French Army entering Rome in 1798Bonaparte s reforms edit Poorly supplied uniforms and shoes were rare and only getting reinforcements irregularly the Army of Italy was sometimes reduced to looting to survive When Bonaparte arrived he took up command on 27 March 1796 indiscipline was rife Chouan songs were sung by the troops and a company of the Dauphin was formed All the while improving the supply system as much as possible Bonaparte also reestablished discipline He condemned officers who had cried Vive le roi English Live the king dismissed the 13th regiment of hussards for indiscipline and dissolved an entire regiment when it revolted at the end of March Purged in this way the Army of Italy was subsequently the most Jacobin of all the French armies Its first victories improved things allowing better resupply and easing pay problems through war contributions from the conquered lands but memoirs though not official communiques speak of individual or collective failures right up to 1797 Reserve army edit Much of the original Armee d Italie became the Army of Egypt Another army originally called the armee de Reserve was formed at Dijon on 8 March 1800 17 ventose year VIII and took the title Armee d Italie on 23 June 1800 4 messidor year VIII when it was merged with the remains of the original Armee d Italie The new army s first commander was Massena followed by Bonaparte as First Consul and Commander in person and general Berthier its General en chef from 2 April to 23 June 1800 1 It was under Berthier that this army beat the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800 25 prairial year 8 2 Commanders editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message from 7 November to 25 December 1792 General d Anselme with neither the title nor the prerogative of a general from 26 December 1792 to 9 February 1793 interim marechal de camp Brunet from 10 February to 4 May 1793 General Biron from 5 May to 8 August 1793 General Brunet from 2 June subordinate to General Kellermann from 9 August 1793 to 20 November 1794 General du Merbion Army before Toulon Armee devant Toulon from 5 September to 6 November 1793 General Carteaux from 7 to 12 November interim General La Poype from 13 to 15 November provisionally until the arrival of General Dugommier General Doppet from 16 November to 28 December General Dugommier with the title of General and commander of the Army of Italy general en chef de armee d Italie from 29 December 1793 to 21 November 1794 General Pierre Jardat Dumerbion with Napoleon Bonaparte and Andre Massena as subordinates from 21 November 1794 to 5 May 1795 General Scherer from 6 May to 28 September 1795 General Kellermann a commanded the merged Army of Italy and Army of the Alps armee des Alpes with the designation of the Army of Italy from 29 September 1795 to 26 March 1796 General Scherer resigned from 27 March 1796 to 16 November 1797 General Bonaparte from 17 November to 21 December 1797 interim General Kilmaine from 22 December 1797 to 3 April 1798 General Berthier from 4 April to 27 July 1798 General Brune from 28 July to 18 August 1798 interim General Gaultier from 19 August to 31 October 1798 General Brune from 1 November 1798 to 31 January 1799 General Joubert as part of the overall command of the Army of Rome armee de Rome From 11 to 25 December the army s commander was effectively General Moreau from 1 February to 6 March General Delmas from 7 to 11 March 1799 provisional General Bruneteto Sainte Suzanne from 12 March to 26 April 1799 General Scherer as part of his overall command of the Army of Naples armee de Naples from 27 April to 4 August 1799 General Moreau as part of his overall command of the Army of Naples from 5 to 15 August 1799 General Joubert commander of both the Army of Italy and the Army of the Alps killed at the battle of Novi from 15 August to 20 September 1799 General Moreau from 21 September to 30 December 1799 General Championnet from 31 December 1799 to 5 January 1800 General Suchet a from 6 to 15 January 1800 interim General Marbot from 16 January to 16 June 1800 General Massena a from 17 to 24 June 1800 interim General Suchet from 25 June to 21 August 1800 General Massena from 22 August 1800 to 7 March 1801 General Brune a from 8 March to 27 August 1801 interim General Moncey a a b c d e Made a Marshal of the Empire marechal d Empire or was in the staff of one Campaigns and battles edit21 September 1794 First Battle of Dego won thanks to its artillery commander Bonaparte 24 November 1795 battle of Loano unexploited victory by Benedetto of Savoy Duke of Chablais First Italian Campaign Second Italian Campaign1805 1814 editArmee d Italie participated in the war of the Third Coalition 1805 in the battles of Verona and Caldiero in northern Italy under Andre Massena During the war of the Fifth Coalition 1809 Armee d Italie was commanded by Eugene de Beauharnais and fought the Austrians at Sacile Caldiero Piave and Raab In 1813 1814 Eugene fought the Austrians with his army in northern Italy Battle of Mincio 3 References edit The consular magistracy was essentially civil the principal of the division of powers and of ministers responsibilities made it undesirable that the first magistrate of the Republic should be immediately in command of an Armee but no disposition just as no principle would oppose that which was present As it turned out the First Consul commanded the armee de reserve and Berthier his major general took the title general en chef Memoirs of Napoleon vol VI p 196 Alexandre Berthier Relation de la bataille de Marengo Paris 1805 Le Capitaine de Cugnac Campagne de l armee de Reserve en 1800 Paris 1900 Napoleon s Italian Campaign 1805 1815 Frederich C Schneid 2002 pp 161 200 ISBN missing Sources editC Clerget Tableaux des armees francaises pendant les guerres de la Revolution Librairie militaire 1905 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Army of Italy France amp oldid 1194552528, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
