Ariane is a series of European civilian expendable launch vehicles for space launch use. The name comes from the French spelling of the mythological character Ariadne. France first proposed the Ariane project and it was officially agreed upon at the end of 1973 after discussions between France, Germany and the UK. The project was Western Europe's second attempt at developing its own launcher following the unsuccessful Europa project. The Ariane project was code-named L3S (the French abbreviation for third-generation substitution launcher).
The first ever Ariane 4 launch from Kourou on June 14, 1988
In early development, due for launch from the 2030s[2]
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Evolution of the Ariane rocket family
Ariane 1 was a three-stage launcher, derived from missile technology. The first two stages used hypergolic propellants and the third stage used cryogenicliquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen (LH2/LOX). Ariane 2–4 were enhancements of the basic vehicle. The major differences are improved versions of the engines, allowing stretched first- and third-stage tanks and greater payloads. The largest versions can launch two satellites, mounted in the SPELDA (Structure Porteuse Externe pour Lancements Doubles Ariane) adapter.
Such later versions are often seen with strap-on boosters. These layouts are designated by suffixes after the generation number. First is the total number of boosters, then letters designating liquid- or solid-fuelled stages. For example, an Ariane 42P is an Ariane 4 with two solid-fuel boosters. An Ariane 44LP has two solid, two liquid boosters, and a 44L has four liquid-fuel boosters.
Ariane 5 is a nearly complete redesign. The two hypergolic lower stages are replaced with a single LH2/LOX core stage. This simplifies the stack, along with the use of a single core engine (Vulcain). Because the core cannot lift its own weight, two solid-fuel boosters are strapped to the sides. The boosters can be recovered for examination, but are not reused. There are two versions of the upper stage, one hypergolic and restartable with a single Aestus engine [3] and the other with a HM7B cryogenic engine burning LH2/LOX.
On 4 May 2007, an Ariane 5-ECA rocket set a new commercial payload record, lifting two satellites with a combined mass of 9.4 tonnes.[4]
By January 2006, 169 Ariane flights had boosted 290 satellites, successfully placing 271 of them on orbit (223 main passengers and 48 auxiliary passengers) for a total mass of 575,000 kg successfully delivered on orbit.[citation needed] Attesting to the ubiquity of Ariane launch vehicles, France's Cerise satellite, which was orbited by an Ariane 4 in 1995,[5] struck a discarded Ariane rocket stage in 1996.[6] The incident marked the first verified case of a collision with a piece of catalogued space debris.[7]
^"Arianespace looks to transitions of vehicles and business in 2022". SpaceNews. 2022-01-07. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
^Patureau de Mirand, Antoine (July 2019). Ariane Next, a vision for a reusable cost efficient European rocket(PDF). 8th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences. doi:10.13009/EUCASS2019-949. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
^Aestus Rocket Engine 2014-02-02 at the Wayback Machine Astrium (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company)
^"SPACEWARN Bulletin Number 501". NASA. from the original on 2009-08-14. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
^"Space Junk". Newsweek. from the original on 2009-10-08. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
^"CO2 prolongs life of 'space junk'". BBC News. May 5, 2005. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
^Gebhardt, Chris (2011-02-15). "Ariane 5 launches ATV-2 for journey to the ISS". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
^"Ariane's 250th mission is a success: TIBA-1 and Inmarsat GX5 are in orbit!". Arianespace. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
^"Ariane 5 launches NASA's James Webb Space Telescope".
^Svenson, Adam (2023-07-06). "Last Ariane 5 Mission Leaves Europe Without Launch Capacity". AIR SPACE News. Retrieved 2023-07-23.
External linksedit
European Space Agency
Arianespace
Downloadable paper models of various ESA spacecraft (Ariane at the bottom)
Media related to Ariane (rocket) at Wikimedia Commons
February 16, 2024
ariane, rocket, family, ariane, series, european, civilian, expendable, launch, vehicles, space, launch, name, comes, from, french, spelling, mythological, character, ariadne, france, first, proposed, ariane, project, officially, agreed, upon, 1973, after, dis. Ariane is a series of European civilian expendable launch vehicles for space launch use The name comes from the French spelling of the mythological character Ariadne France first proposed the Ariane project and it was officially agreed upon at the end of 1973 after discussions between France Germany and the UK The project was Western Europe s second attempt at developing its own launcher following the unsuccessful Europa project The Ariane project was code named L3S the French abbreviation for third generation substitution launcher The first ever Ariane 4 launch from Kourou on June 14 1988The European Space Agency ESA charged Airbus Defence and Space with the development of all Ariane launchers and of the testing facilities while Arianespace a commercial subsidiary created in 1980 handles production operations and marketing Arianespace launches Ariane rockets from the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou in French Guiana Contents 1 Ariane versions 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksAriane versions editAriane 1Ariane 2Ariane 3Ariane 4Ariane 5Ariane 6 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Launch vehicle Launches successes total Variants Payload to GTO Payload to LEO Height Mass StagesAriane 1 9 11 1 850 kg 4 080 lb 47 46 m 155 7 ft 211 500 kg 466 300 lb 3Ariane 2 5 6 2 180 kg 4 810 lb 49 13 m 161 2 ft 220 950 kg 487 110 lb 3Ariane 3 10 11 2 700 kg 6 000 lb 49 13 m 161 2 ft 234 t 258 short tons 3Ariane 4 113 116 40 42P 42L 44P 44LP 44L 2 000 4 300 kg 4 400 9 500 lb 5 000 7 600 kg 11 000 16 800 lb 58 72 m 192 7 ft 240 470 t 260 520 short tons 3Ariane 5 115 117 G G GS ECA 6 950 10 500 kg 15 320 23 150 lb 16 000 21 000 kg 35 000 46 000 lb 46 52 m 151 171 ft 720 780 t 790 860 short tons 2Ariane 6 In development due for launch in mid 2024 1 62 64 5 000 10 500 kg 11 000 23 100 lb 7 000 20 000 kg 15 000 44 000 lb 63 m 207 ft 500 900 t 550 990 short tons 2Ariane Next In early development due for launch from the 2030s 2 source source source source source source source source Evolution of the Ariane rocket familyAriane 1 was a three stage launcher derived from missile technology The first two stages used hypergolic propellants and the third stage used cryogenic liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen LH2 LOX Ariane 2 4 were enhancements of the basic vehicle The major differences are improved versions of the engines allowing stretched first and third stage tanks and greater payloads The largest versions can launch two satellites mounted in the SPELDA Structure Porteuse Externe pour Lancements Doubles Ariane adapter Such later versions are often seen with strap on boosters These layouts are designated by suffixes after the generation number First is the total number of boosters then letters designating liquid or solid fuelled stages For example an Ariane 42P is an Ariane 4 with two solid fuel boosters An Ariane 44LP has two solid two liquid boosters and a 44L has four liquid fuel boosters nbsp Ariane 5 rocket at Le Bourget Air and Space Museum ParisAriane 5 is a nearly complete redesign The two hypergolic lower stages are replaced with a single LH2 LOX core stage This simplifies the stack along with the use of a single core engine Vulcain Because the core cannot lift its own weight two solid fuel boosters are strapped to the sides The boosters can be recovered for examination but are not reused There are two versions of the upper stage one hypergolic and restartable with a single Aestus engine 3 and the other with a HM7B cryogenic engine burning LH2 LOX On 4 May 2007 an Ariane 5 ECA rocket set a new commercial payload record lifting two satellites with a combined mass of 9 4 tonnes 4 By January 2006 169 Ariane flights had boosted 290 satellites successfully placing 271 of them on orbit 223 main passengers and 48 auxiliary passengers for a total mass of 575 000 kg successfully delivered on orbit citation needed Attesting to the ubiquity of Ariane launch vehicles France s Cerise satellite which was orbited by an Ariane 4 in 1995 5 struck a discarded Ariane rocket stage in 1996 6 The incident marked the first verified case of a collision with a piece of catalogued space debris 7 On February 16 2011 the 200th Ariane rocket was launched successfully carrying the Johannes Kepler ATV into low Earth orbit and providing International Space Station with supplies 8 On November 26 2019 flight number 250 was performed lifting two communications satellites TIBA 1 and Inmarsat 5 F5 GX5 9 On December 25 2021 Ariane flight VA256 lifted NASA s James Webb Space Telescope towards Earth Sun Lagrange point L2 10 Ariane 5 flew its final mission on 5 July 2023 11 See also editList of Ariane launches Liquid fly back booster Comparison of orbital launchers families Diamant Europa rocket Vega French space program European Space Agency ArianespaceReferences edit Arianespace looks to transitions of vehicles and business in 2022 SpaceNews 2022 01 07 Retrieved 2022 01 31 Patureau de Mirand Antoine July 2019 Ariane Next a vision for a reusable cost efficient European rocket PDF 8th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences doi 10 13009 EUCASS2019 949 Retrieved 18 August 2021 Aestus Rocket Engine Archived 2014 02 02 at the Wayback Machine Astrium European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company European rocket powers to record BBC news SPACEWARN Bulletin Number 501 NASA Archived from the original on 2009 08 14 Retrieved 2009 08 26 Space Junk Newsweek Archived from the original on 2009 10 08 Retrieved 2009 08 26 CO2 prolongs life of space junk BBC News May 5 2005 Retrieved 2009 08 26 Gebhardt Chris 2011 02 15 Ariane 5 launches ATV 2 for journey to the ISS NASASpaceFlight com Retrieved 2019 12 24 Ariane s 250th mission is a success TIBA 1 and Inmarsat GX5 are in orbit Arianespace Retrieved 2019 12 24 Ariane 5 launches NASA s James Webb Space Telescope Svenson Adam 2023 07 06 Last Ariane 5 Mission Leaves Europe Without Launch Capacity AIR SPACE News Retrieved 2023 07 23 External links editEuropean Space Agency Arianespace Downloadable paper models of various ESA spacecraft Ariane at the bottom nbsp Media related to Ariane rocket at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ariane rocket family amp oldid 1205996214, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
