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Aral, also known as Aralsk or Aral'sk, (Kazakh: Арал, Aral, ارال; Russian: Аральск, Araljsk) 46°47′N61°40′E / 46.783°N 61.667°E / 46.783; 61.667 is a small city in south-western Kazakhstan, located in the oblast (region) of Kyzylorda. It serves as the administrative center of Aral District. Aral was formerly a fishing port and harbour city on the banks of the Aral Sea, and was a major supplier of fish to the neighboring region. Population: 29,987 (2009 Census results);[1] 30,347 (1999 Census results).[1]
In 1817, there was a village Alty-Kuduk (Six Wells) near the present city of Aralsk. This is currently a railway passing-track in the southern part of the city. Since the 1870s, this was recorded as the Aralsky settlement. The development of Aralsk began when the Orenburg-Tashkent railway was being constructed (1899-1905). In 1905, the railway station was constructed and continues to operate. The official history of Aralsk began that same year.
In 1905, Russian merchants organized large fishing companies and formed a joint-stock firm in Aralsk. This was the beginning of fishery in the Aral Sea and shipbuilding plants soon followed in Aralsk.
After the Revolution, the station “Aralskoye more (sea)” with the adjoining settlement received the name Aralsk. In 1938, Aralsk and the Aralsky district became a part of newly formed Kzyl-Orda oblast of Kazakh SSR and turned into the town.
Aralsk is not to be confused with Fort Aralsk which was about 120 km south. In 1847 Russia built Raimsk, later called Fort Aralsk, near the mouth of the Syr Darya. In either 1848 or 1853 or 1855 Raimsk was abandoned and Fort Aralsk moved upriver to Fort Number One, or Kazalinsk. Further upriver were forts No. 2 and 3 which were the old Kokandi forts of Karmaktschy and Kumish-Kurgan. Fort Aralsk was used to launch ships to map the Aral Sea and as a base to attack Ak Mechet.[2]
Declineedit
Since the retreat of the Aral Sea since 1960, due to diversion of the rivers flowing into it for irrigation, mainly of cotton, during the Soviet era, Aral is now completely landlocked about 12 km from the northern remnant of the Aral Sea,[3] though this is less than the 100 km distance observed before the completion of a dam in 2005. Aral has greatly diminished in population and socioeconomic significance, resulting in high levels of unemployment. For the last 25 years it has not been possible to see the sea from the town. There are also serious health problems for the local population caused by airborne toxic chemicals[citation needed] exposed to the wind by the retreating waters and, possibly, from chemical and biological agents unsafely stored on the island of Vozrozhdeniya.
In 1971, a massive public health response to a smallpox outbreak in Aral ensued once the disease was recognized as resulting from the release of weaponized smallpox from a nearby biological weapons test site. In less than 2 weeks, approximately 50,000 residents of Aral were vaccinated. Household quarantine of potentially exposed individuals was enacted, and hundreds were isolated in a makeshift facility at the edge of the city. All traffic in and out of the city was stopped, and approximately 54,000 square feet of living space and 18 metric tons of household goods were decontaminated by health officials. The original outbreak sickened ten people in Aral, of whom 3 died.[4]
^ abc"Население Республики Казахстан" [Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (in Russian). Департамент социальной и демографической статистики. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^This section from ‘An Indian Officer’, Russia’s March towards India,1894, page 160 and Hugo Stumm,The Russian Campaign against Khiva in 1873,1876, pages 29 and 229. Since these sources contradict this section needs to be improved.
^"Stephen M Bland | Journalist and Author | Central Asia Caucasus".
^Zelicoff, A.P., “An epidemiological analysis of the 1971 smallpox outbreak in Aralsk, Kazakhstan” (2002), In: Tucker, J.B. and R.A. Zilinskas,eds., The 1971 Smallpox Epidemic in Aralsk, Kazakhstan, and the Soviet Biological Warfare Program; Monterey, California: Monterey Institute of International Studies, Center for Nonproliferation Studies. Occasional Paper No. 9.
^"Weather and Climate- The Climate of Aral" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 3 January 2022.
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This article is about the city For other uses see Aral disambiguation Not to be confused with Oral Kazakhstan You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian February 2009 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Russian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Aralsk see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated ru Aralsk to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Aral also known as Aralsk or Aral sk Kazakh Aral Aral ارال Russian Aralsk Araljsk 46 47 N 61 40 E 46 783 N 61 667 E 46 783 61 667 is a small city in south western Kazakhstan located in the oblast region of Kyzylorda It serves as the administrative center of Aral District Aral was formerly a fishing port and harbour city on the banks of the Aral Sea and was a major supplier of fish to the neighboring region Population 29 987 2009 Census results 1 30 347 1999 Census results 1 Aral AralSealAralLocation in KazakhstanCoordinates 46 47 0 N 61 40 0 E 46 78333 N 61 66667 E 46 78333 61 66667Country KazakhstanRegionKyzylordaPopulation 2009 1 Total29 987 Square in Aral What used to be the harbour of Aral 2009 Fish factory in Aral Contents 1 History 1 1 Early settlement 1 2 Decline 1 3 Aral smallpox incident 2 Climate 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksHistory editEarly settlement edit In 1817 there was a village Alty Kuduk Six Wells near the present city of Aralsk This is currently a railway passing track in the southern part of the city Since the 1870s this was recorded as the Aralsky settlement The development of Aralsk began when the Orenburg Tashkent railway was being constructed 1899 1905 In 1905 the railway station was constructed and continues to operate The official history of Aralsk began that same year In 1905 Russian merchants organized large fishing companies and formed a joint stock firm in Aralsk This was the beginning of fishery in the Aral Sea and shipbuilding plants soon followed in Aralsk After the Revolution the station Aralskoye more sea with the adjoining settlement received the name Aralsk In 1938 Aralsk and the Aralsky district became a part of newly formed Kzyl Orda oblast of Kazakh SSR and turned into the town Aralsk is not to be confused with Fort Aralsk which was about 120 km south In 1847 Russia built Raimsk later called Fort Aralsk near the mouth of the Syr Darya In either 1848 or 1853 or 1855 Raimsk was abandoned and Fort Aralsk moved upriver to Fort Number One or Kazalinsk Further upriver were forts No 2 and 3 which were the old Kokandi forts of Karmaktschy and Kumish Kurgan Fort Aralsk was used to launch ships to map the Aral Sea and as a base to attack Ak Mechet 2 Decline edit Since the retreat of the Aral Sea since 1960 due to diversion of the rivers flowing into it for irrigation mainly of cotton during the Soviet era Aral is now completely landlocked about 12 km from the northern remnant of the Aral Sea 3 though this is less than the 100 km distance observed before the completion of a dam in 2005 Aral has greatly diminished in population and socioeconomic significance resulting in high levels of unemployment For the last 25 years it has not been possible to see the sea from the town There are also serious health problems for the local population caused by airborne toxic chemicals citation needed exposed to the wind by the retreating waters and possibly from chemical and biological agents unsafely stored on the island of Vozrozhdeniya Aral smallpox incident edit Main article Aral smallpox incident In 1971 a massive public health response to a smallpox outbreak in Aral ensued once the disease was recognized as resulting from the release of weaponized smallpox from a nearby biological weapons test site In less than 2 weeks approximately 50 000 residents of Aral were vaccinated Household quarantine of potentially exposed individuals was enacted and hundreds were isolated in a makeshift facility at the edge of the city All traffic in and out of the city was stopped and approximately 54 000 square feet of living space and 18 metric tons of household goods were decontaminated by health officials The original outbreak sickened ten people in Aral of whom 3 died 4 Climate editAral has a cold desert climate Koppen climate classification BWk with cold winters and hot summers Climate data for Aral 1991 2020 extremes 1905 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high C F 6 3 43 3 17 8 64 0 29 2 84 6 36 0 96 8 39 9 103 8 44 6 112 3 44 8 112 6 44 4 111 9 41 0 105 8 32 6 90 7 24 7 76 5 10 7 51 3 44 8 112 6 Mean daily maximum C F 6 8 19 8 4 9 23 2 5 3 41 5 18 2 64 8 26 5 79 7 32 4 90 3 34 2 93 6 32 6 90 7 25 2 77 4 15 8 60 4 4 0 39 2 4 2 24 4 14 9 58 8 Daily mean C F 10 7 12 7 9 4 15 1 0 0 32 0 11 8 53 2 19 7 67 5 25 8 78 4 27 7 81 9 25 7 78 3 18 1 64 6 9 1 48 4 0 6 30 9 7 9 17 8 9 1 48 4 Mean daily minimum C F 14 4 6 1 13 6 7 5 4 4 24 1 5 8 42 4 12 7 54 9 18 4 65 1 20 5 68 9 18 4 65 1 11 2 52 2 3 3 37 9 4 4 24 1 11 4 11 5 3 5 38 3 Record low C F 37 9 36 2 37 2 35 0 36 1 33 0 15 9 3 4 5 4 22 3 2 2 36 0 8 2 46 8 5 0 41 0 4 4 24 1 15 7 3 7 31 6 24 9 34 8 30 6 37 9 36 2 Average precipitation mm inches 11 0 4 13 0 5 16 0 6 14 0 6 14 0 6 12 0 5 8 0 3 6 0 2 4 0 2 14 0 6 14 0 6 13 0 5 139 5 5 Average extreme snow depth cm inches 8 3 1 7 2 8 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 8 3 1 Average rainy days 4 3 6 8 10 7 8 5 5 7 7 5 75 Average snowy days 16 12 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 13 55 Average relative humidity 84 82 76 53 45 37 37 37 43 58 76 82 59 Mean monthly sunshine hours 124 168 198 260 337 363 377 360 296 218 139 106 2 946 Source 1 Pogoda ru net 5 Source 2 NOAA sun 1961 1990 6 References edit a b c Naselenie Respubliki Kazahstan Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Russian Departament socialnoj i demograficheskoj statistiki Retrieved 8 December 2013 This section from An Indian Officer Russia s March towards India 1894 page 160 and Hugo Stumm The Russian Campaign against Khiva in 1873 1876 pages 29 and 229 Since these sources contradict this section needs to be improved Stephen M Bland Journalist and Author Central Asia Caucasus Zelicoff A P An epidemiological analysis of the 1971 smallpox outbreak in Aralsk Kazakhstan 2002 In Tucker J B and R A Zilinskas eds The 1971 Smallpox Epidemic in Aralsk Kazakhstan and the Soviet Biological Warfare Program Monterey California Monterey Institute of International Studies Center for Nonproliferation Studies Occasional Paper No 9 Weather and Climate The Climate of Aral in Russian Weather and Climate Pogoda i klimat Retrieved 3 January 2022 Aralskoe More Aral Climate Normals 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved 13 May 2015 Further reading editBissell Tom 2003 Chasing the Sea Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia New York Pantheon Books ISBN 0 375 42130 0 External links edit nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Aral nbsp Media related to Aral city at Wikimedia Commons News story on the plight of Aralsk and the Aral Sea 1 The shrinking Aral Sea 2 Bringing life back to Asia s dead sea 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aral Kazakhstan amp oldid 1143604351, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
