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Arado Ar 79

October 17, 2023

The Arado Ar 79 was an aerobatic two-seat trainer and touring aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Arado.[1] It was the final civilian aircraft developed by the company.[2]

Ar 79
Role Aerobatic trainer
Manufacturer Arado
First flight 20 April 1938
Introduction 1938
Produced 72

The Ar 79 was developed during the mid-1930s as a successor to the Arado L I and Arado L II touring aircraft by the aeronautical engineer Walter Rethel. He designed a monoplane with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage that featured mixed construction, the forward fuselage was composed of fabric over steel tube while the rear fuselage was a monocoque structure.[1] The Ar 79 was a relatively durable, light weight, and economical aircraft that possessed favourable flight characteristics. It had a fully-glazed cabin integral with the fuselage, a dedicated luggage compartment, and a pair of fuel tanks within the fuselage. While primarily intended as a civil aircraft, its use as a military trainer was not excluded.

First flying in April 1938, the Ar 79 promptly set multiple world speed records in their class that same year and was praised by high-ranking Nazi officials. Various German figured purchased individual aircraft, including Ernst Udet, Hanna Reitsch, Heinz Rühmann, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, and Stephan von Horthy. At least one was still airworthy as late as 1955.

Development Edit

During the 1920s and early 1930s, the German aircraft manufacturer Arado had entered into the touring aircraft sector with the Arado L I and Arado L II.[3][4] Their designer, the aeronautical engineer Walter Rethel, sought to develop a more capable successor during the mid 1930s.[2] It is likely that the decision to proceed was strengthened by the position advocated by Hermann Göring, Chief of the Luftwaffe High Command, that Germans should be a nation of fliers; a favourable economic situation in Germany at that time would have also encouraged such undertakings.[5]

Although it drew upon these earlier touring aircraft, the design team decided that this new aircraft, which would be designated Ar 79, would be designed for greater reliability, ruggedness, and economy.[2] To promote the aircraft to civil customers, Arado committed to an extensive advertising campaign as a faster alternative to road and railway travel.[5] Furthermore, while the Ar 79 was principally aimed at the civilian market, the aircraft's development was warmly received and promoted by the Reich Air Ministry, and its potential use for military applications was not ruled out.[2]

The Ar 79 was a purpose-built touring and trainer aircraft, possessing excellent flight characteristics through its use of modern aerodynamic innovations.[2] Through the use of split flaps, it could be flown at unusually slow speeds while, when correctly trimmed, stable hands-off flying could also be readily achieved. The Ar 79 was a fully aerobatic aircraft yet had a relatively low price amongst its contemporaries.[2] Partially due to its light weight construction, the Ar 79 was a fuel-efficient aircraft that was capable of flying in excess of 1000 km without refuelling. Its standard powerplant, a single Hirth HM 504 A2 inline engine capable of 105 hp, was purpose developed for the aircraft and delivered more power than most competing aircraft.[6]

A trade paper advertisement by I.G. Farben in May 1939 took advantage of the record-breaking flight from Libya to India in late 1938 (see § Operational history below) using the flight path as a background, and presented a breakdown of the materials used in the aircraft: wood 38.5%, Elektron (cast lightweight magnesium-aluminium alloy made by a subsidiary of I.G. Farben, used for engine crankcases) 25%, steel 10.5%, glass 8.5%, Dural (aluminium-copper alloy) 5.9%, Hydronalium (aluminium-magnesium alloy for casting, patented by I. G. Farben in 1938, possibly for pistons)[7] 4.9%, fabric 3.2%, paint 2.5%, aluminium 1%.[8]

As shown above, the construction made extensive use of metal; the forward fuselage was composed of steel; aft of the twin-seat cabin, monocoque wooden construction is present.[2] The fully-glazed cabin is fully-integral with the fuselage; entry and egress is via sliding upper section. Dual flight controls and comprehensive instrumentation is present throughout, while favourable external visibility is also provisioned.[2] The Ar 79 has easily removable wings, being attached using only three bolts; they are primarily composed of plywood and fabric. The ailerons, horizontal stabilisers, and rudder comprise a metal framework covered by fabric, while the adjustable tailplane is entirely metal.[2] Fuel is housed in two tanks directly beneath the aircraft's luggage compartment. A manually-cranked retractable landing gear arrangement is used; its relatively wide track, hydraulically actuated brakes, and freely traversing tailwheel provide favourable taxiing tendencies.[2]

Operational history Edit

A pair of prototypes, D-EKCX and D-EHCR, were commenced test flying in April 1938. They quickly drew attention via the setting of multiple world speed records in their class that same year,[9][1] Specifically, on 15 July, the solo 1,000 km (621.4 mi) at 229.04 km/h (142.32 mph);[1] on 29 July, the 2,000 km (1,242.8 mi) at 227.029 km/h (141.069 mph);[1] and between 29 and 31 December, a modified Ar 79, with a jettisonable 106 L (28 US gal) fuel tank and extra 520 L (140 US gal) tank behind the cabin, completed a non-stop 6,303 km (3,917 mi) flight from Benghazi, Libya to Gaya, India, at an average speed of 160 km/h (100 mph).[1][10] These achievements were met with the personal praise of several high-ranking Nazi officials, including Göring.

Furthermore, the Ar 79 placed well in numerous air races; on 31 July 1938, one aircraft took first place in race A of the International Air Races held at Frankfurt.[11] Individual aircraft were acquired by various German figures, including Ernst Udet, Hanna Reitsch, Heinz Rühmann, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, and Stephan von Horthy.[12] Numerous aircraft survived the Second World War intact, at least one being airworthy as late as 1955.[12]

Operators Edit

  Hungary

Specifications Edit

 

Data from Aircraft of the Third Reich,[13] Flugzeug-Typenbuch. Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt 1944[14]

General characteristics

  • Crew: two
  • Length: 7.6 m (24 ft 11 in)
  • Wingspan: 10 m (32 ft 10 in)
  • Height: 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in)
  • Wing area: 14 m2 (150 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 7.14
  • Empty weight: 460 kg (1,014 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 760 kg (1,676 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 120 L (32 US gal; 26 imp gal) fuel + 4 L (1.1 US gal; 0.88 imp gal) oil
  • Powerplant: 1 × Hirth HM 504A-2 inverted 4-cyl. air-cooled in-line piston engine 105 PS (104 hp; 77 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed pitch propeller, 2 m (6 ft 7 in) diameter

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 230 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn) at sea level
  • Cruise speed: 205 km/h (127 mph, 111 kn) 75 PS (74 hp; 55 kW) at sea level
  • Range: 1,025 km (637 mi, 553 nmi)
  • Endurance: Five hours and 18 minutes
  • Service ceiling: 5,300 m (17,400 ft) solo
4,500 m (14,800 ft) dual
  • g limits: +10.8 (ultimate)
  • Rate of climb: 4 m/s (790 ft/min)
  • Time to altitude:
  • 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in three minutes and 48 seconds
  • 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in eight minutes and 24 seconds
  • Wing loading: 57 kg/m2 (12 lb/sq ft)
  • Power/mass: 0.1314 PS/kg (0.0588 hp/lb; 0.0966 kW/kg)
  • Fuel consumption: 11 L/km (4.7 US gal/mi; 3.9 imp gal/mi)
  • Oil consumption: 0.15 L/km (0.064 US gal/mi; 0.053 imp gal/mi)
  • Take-off run: 180 m (590 ft)

References Edit

Citations Edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Donald 1997, p. 60.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kranzhoff 1997, p. 94.
  3. ^ "Arado L II". www.histaviation.com. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  4. ^ "Start from berlin" (PDF). Flight: 842–843. 25 July 1930. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  5. ^ a b Kranzhoff 1997, p. 95.
  6. ^ Kranzhoff 1997, pp. 94-95.
  7. ^ "Castings of aluminium alloys". US patent US2139246A. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  8. ^ "Werkstoff-Volumenanteile der 'AR' 79" [Materials proportions by volume of the AR 79 (advertising back matter) ]. Flugsport (in German). Frankfurt/Main. 31 (8): 229 [pdf 32]. 12 April 1939.
  9. ^ Kranzhoff 1997, p. 96.
  10. ^ Kranzhoff 1997, pp. 96-97.
  11. ^ Kranzhoff 1997, p. 97.
  12. ^ a b Kranzhoff 1997, p. 99.
  13. ^ Green 2010, pp. 36-37.
  14. ^ Schneider 1944, pp. 22-23.

Bibliography Edit

  • Donald, David, ed. (1997). The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Prospero Books. p. 118. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
  • Green, William (2010). Aircraft of the Third Reich. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). London, UK: Aerospace Publishing Limited. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-1-900732-06-2.
  • Kranzhoff, Jörg Armin (1997). Arado, History of an Aircraft Company. Atglen, Pennsylvania, US: Schiffer Books. ISBN 0-7643-0293-0.
  • Schneider, Helmut (1944). Flugzeug-Typenbuch. Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt- und Zubehör-Industrie (in German) (Sonderausg ed.). Leipzig, Germany: Herm. Beyer Verlag. pp. 22–23. ISBN 381120484X.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arado Ar 79.
  • Clipwings.com video of restored Arado Ar 79B 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine

October 17, 2023
arado, aerobatic, seat, trainer, touring, aircraft, designed, produced, german, aircraft, manufacturer, arado, final, civilian, aircraft, developed, company, 79role, aerobatic, trainermanufacturer, aradofirst, flight, april, 1938introduction, 1938produced, 72t. The Arado Ar 79 was an aerobatic two seat trainer and touring aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Arado 1 It was the final civilian aircraft developed by the company 2 Ar 79Role Aerobatic trainerManufacturer AradoFirst flight 20 April 1938Introduction 1938Produced 72The Ar 79 was developed during the mid 1930s as a successor to the Arado L I and Arado L II touring aircraft by the aeronautical engineer Walter Rethel He designed a monoplane with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage that featured mixed construction the forward fuselage was composed of fabric over steel tube while the rear fuselage was a monocoque structure 1 The Ar 79 was a relatively durable light weight and economical aircraft that possessed favourable flight characteristics It had a fully glazed cabin integral with the fuselage a dedicated luggage compartment and a pair of fuel tanks within the fuselage While primarily intended as a civil aircraft its use as a military trainer was not excluded First flying in April 1938 the Ar 79 promptly set multiple world speed records in their class that same year and was praised by high ranking Nazi officials Various German figured purchased individual aircraft including Ernst Udet Hanna Reitsch Heinz Ruhmann Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach and Stephan von Horthy At least one was still airworthy as late as 1955 Contents 1 Development 2 Operational history 3 Operators 4 Specifications 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 Bibliography 6 External linksDevelopment EditDuring the 1920s and early 1930s the German aircraft manufacturer Arado had entered into the touring aircraft sector with the Arado L I and Arado L II 3 4 Their designer the aeronautical engineer Walter Rethel sought to develop a more capable successor during the mid 1930s 2 It is likely that the decision to proceed was strengthened by the position advocated by Hermann Goring Chief of the Luftwaffe High Command that Germans should be a nation of fliers a favourable economic situation in Germany at that time would have also encouraged such undertakings 5 Although it drew upon these earlier touring aircraft the design team decided that this new aircraft which would be designated Ar 79 would be designed for greater reliability ruggedness and economy 2 To promote the aircraft to civil customers Arado committed to an extensive advertising campaign as a faster alternative to road and railway travel 5 Furthermore while the Ar 79 was principally aimed at the civilian market the aircraft s development was warmly received and promoted by the Reich Air Ministry and its potential use for military applications was not ruled out 2 The Ar 79 was a purpose built touring and trainer aircraft possessing excellent flight characteristics through its use of modern aerodynamic innovations 2 Through the use of split flaps it could be flown at unusually slow speeds while when correctly trimmed stable hands off flying could also be readily achieved The Ar 79 was a fully aerobatic aircraft yet had a relatively low price amongst its contemporaries 2 Partially due to its light weight construction the Ar 79 was a fuel efficient aircraft that was capable of flying in excess of 1000 km without refuelling Its standard powerplant a single Hirth HM 504 A2 inline engine capable of 105 hp was purpose developed for the aircraft and delivered more power than most competing aircraft 6 A trade paper advertisement by I G Farben in May 1939 took advantage of the record breaking flight from Libya to India in late 1938 see Operational history below using the flight path as a background and presented a breakdown of the materials used in the aircraft wood 38 5 Elektron cast lightweight magnesium aluminium alloy made by a subsidiary of I G Farben used for engine crankcases 25 steel 10 5 glass 8 5 Dural aluminium copper alloy 5 9 Hydronalium aluminium magnesium alloy for casting patented by I G Farben in 1938 possibly for pistons 7 4 9 fabric 3 2 paint 2 5 aluminium 1 8 As shown above the construction made extensive use of metal the forward fuselage was composed of steel aft of the twin seat cabin monocoque wooden construction is present 2 The fully glazed cabin is fully integral with the fuselage entry and egress is via sliding upper section Dual flight controls and comprehensive instrumentation is present throughout while favourable external visibility is also provisioned 2 The Ar 79 has easily removable wings being attached using only three bolts they are primarily composed of plywood and fabric The ailerons horizontal stabilisers and rudder comprise a metal framework covered by fabric while the adjustable tailplane is entirely metal 2 Fuel is housed in two tanks directly beneath the aircraft s luggage compartment A manually cranked retractable landing gear arrangement is used its relatively wide track hydraulically actuated brakes and freely traversing tailwheel provide favourable taxiing tendencies 2 Operational history EditA pair of prototypes D EKCX and D EHCR were commenced test flying in April 1938 They quickly drew attention via the setting of multiple world speed records in their class that same year 9 1 Specifically on 15 July the solo 1 000 km 621 4 mi at 229 04 km h 142 32 mph 1 on 29 July the 2 000 km 1 242 8 mi at 227 029 km h 141 069 mph 1 and between 29 and 31 December a modified Ar 79 with a jettisonable 106 L 28 US gal fuel tank and extra 520 L 140 US gal tank behind the cabin completed a non stop 6 303 km 3 917 mi flight from Benghazi Libya to Gaya India at an average speed of 160 km h 100 mph 1 10 These achievements were met with the personal praise of several high ranking Nazi officials including Goring Furthermore the Ar 79 placed well in numerous air races on 31 July 1938 one aircraft took first place in race A of the International Air Races held at Frankfurt 11 Individual aircraft were acquired by various German figures including Ernst Udet Hanna Reitsch Heinz Ruhmann Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach and Stephan von Horthy 12 Numerous aircraft survived the Second World War intact at least one being airworthy as late as 1955 12 Operators Edit nbsp HungaryRoyal Hungarian Air ForceSpecifications Edit nbsp Data from Aircraft of the Third Reich 13 Flugzeug Typenbuch Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt 1944 14 General characteristicsCrew two Length 7 6 m 24 ft 11 in Wingspan 10 m 32 ft 10 in Height 2 1 m 6 ft 11 in Wing area 14 m2 150 sq ft Aspect ratio 7 14 Empty weight 460 kg 1 014 lb Max takeoff weight 760 kg 1 676 lb Fuel capacity 120 L 32 US gal 26 imp gal fuel 4 L 1 1 US gal 0 88 imp gal oil Powerplant 1 Hirth HM 504A 2 inverted 4 cyl air cooled in line piston engine 105 PS 104 hp 77 kW Propellers 2 bladed fixed pitch propeller 2 m 6 ft 7 in diameterPerformance Maximum speed 230 km h 140 mph 120 kn at sea level Cruise speed 205 km h 127 mph 111 kn 75 PS 74 hp 55 kW at sea level Range 1 025 km 637 mi 553 nmi Endurance Five hours and 18 minutes Service ceiling 5 300 m 17 400 ft solo4 500 m 14 800 ft dual dd dd dd g limits 10 8 ultimate Rate of climb 4 m s 790 ft min Time to altitude 1 000 m 3 300 ft in three minutes and 48 seconds 2 000 m 6 600 ft in eight minutes and 24 secondsWing loading 57 kg m2 12 lb sq ft Power mass 0 1314 PS kg 0 0588 hp lb 0 0966 kW kg Fuel consumption 11 L km 4 7 US gal mi 3 9 imp gal mi Oil consumption 0 15 L km 0 064 US gal mi 0 053 imp gal mi Take off run 180 m 590 ft References EditCitations Edit a b c d e f Donald 1997 p 60 a b c d e f g h i j Kranzhoff 1997 p 94 Arado L II www histaviation com Retrieved 20 January 2019 Start from berlin PDF Flight 842 843 25 July 1930 Retrieved 20 January 2019 a b Kranzhoff 1997 p 95 Kranzhoff 1997 pp 94 95 Castings of aluminium alloys US patent US2139246A Retrieved 9 October 2023 Werkstoff Volumenanteile der AR 79 Materials proportions by volume of the AR 79 advertising back matter Flugsport in German Frankfurt Main 31 8 229 pdf 32 12 April 1939 Kranzhoff 1997 p 96 Kranzhoff 1997 pp 96 97 Kranzhoff 1997 p 97 a b Kranzhoff 1997 p 99 Green 2010 pp 36 37 Schneider 1944 pp 22 23 Bibliography Edit Donald David ed 1997 The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft Prospero Books p 118 ISBN 1 85605 375 X Green William 2010 Aircraft of the Third Reich Vol 1 1st ed London UK Aerospace Publishing Limited pp 36 37 ISBN 978 1 900732 06 2 Kranzhoff Jorg Armin 1997 Arado History of an Aircraft Company Atglen Pennsylvania US Schiffer Books ISBN 0 7643 0293 0 Schneider Helmut 1944 Flugzeug Typenbuch Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt und Zubehor Industrie in German Sonderausg ed Leipzig Germany Herm Beyer Verlag pp 22 23 ISBN 381120484X External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arado Ar 79 Clipwings com video of restored Arado Ar 79B Archived 2011 07 08 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arado Ar 79 amp oldid 1179228385, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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