Delta Air Lines pioneered the hub and spoke system for aviation in 1955 from its hub in Atlanta, Georgia, United States,[3] in an effort to compete with Eastern Air Lines. FedEx adopted the hub and spoke model for overnight package delivery during the 1970s. When the United States airline industry was deregulated in 1978, Delta's hub and spoke paradigm was adopted by several airlines. Many airlines around the world operate hub-and-spoke systems facilitating passenger connections between their respective flights.
Public transportEdit
In suburban Toronto, Finch Station connects underground train, local, regional, and interregional bus services.
Intermodal passenger transport hubs in public transport include bus stations, railway stations and metro stations, while a major transport hub, often multimodal (bus and rail), may be referred to as a transport centre or, in American English, as a transit center.[4] Sections of city streets that are devoted to functioning as transit hubs are referred to as transit malls. In cities with a central station, that station often also functions as a transport hub in addition to being a railway station.
Journey planning involving transport hubs is more complicated than direct trips, as journeys will typically require a transfer at the hub. Modern electronic journey planners for public transport have a digital representation of both the stops and transport hubs in a network, to allow them to calculate journeys that include transfers at hubs.
Airports have a twofold hub function. First they concentrate passenger traffic into one place for onward transportation. This makes it important for airports to be connected to the surrounding transport infrastructure, including roads, bus services, and railway and rapid transit systems. Secondly some airports function as intra-modular hubs for the airlines, or airline hubs. This is a common strategy among network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs if they want to get between two cities the airline doesn't fly directly between.
Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis, and to create major routes between the hubs. This reduces the need to travel long distances between nodes that are close together. Another method is to use focus cities to implement point-to-point service for high traffic routes, bypassing the hub entirely.
FreightEdit
There are usually three kinds of freight hubs: sea-road, sea-rail and road-rail, though they can also be sea-road-rail. With the growth of containerization, intermodal freight transport has become more efficient, often making multiple legs cheaper than through services—increasing the use of hubs.[citation needed]
^http://www.timetableimages.com 2017-09-12 at the Wayback Machine, April 24, 1966 & July 1, 1986 Braniff International Airways system timetables; Jan. 15, 1956 Continental Airlines system timetable; Sept. 30, 1966 Delta Air Lines system timetable; June 1, 1980 Alaska Airlines system timetable; April 24, 1966 United Airlines system timetable; March 2, 1962 National Airlines system timetable; June 1, 1969 Pan Am system timetable
^Delta Air Lines. "Delta through decades". from the original on 2005-11-24.
^"A transit center is a major transit hub served by several bus or rail lines." Tri-Met: Transit Centers 2010-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
October 15, 2023
transport, transport, place, where, passengers, cargo, exchanged, between, vehicles, between, transport, modes, public, transport, hubs, include, railway, stations, rapid, transit, stations, stops, tram, stops, airports, ferry, slips, freight, hubs, include, c. A transport hub is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles and or between transport modes Public transport hubs include railway stations rapid transit stations bus stops tram stops airports and ferry slips Freight hubs include classification yards airports seaports and truck terminals or combinations of these For private transport by car the parking lot functions as a unimodal hub Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan New York City the busiest transportation hub in the Western HemisphereUnderground bus and coach terminal and metro station are located underneath the Kamppi Center in Helsinki FinlandSzczecin Port of Szczecin motorway expressway and railway connections an inter city public transport a city bus and electric trams network and Solidarity Szczecin Goleniow Airport PolandSouth Station an MBTA Amtrak and Greyhound transportation hub in Boston Massachusetts United StatesDHL hub Leipzig Halle Airport Germany Contents 1 History 2 Public transport 3 Airports 4 Freight 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory EditHistorically an interchange service in the scheduled passenger air transport industry involved a through plane flight operated by two or more airlines where a single aircraft was used with the individual airlines operating it with their own flight crews on their respective portions of a direct no change of plane multi stop flight In the U S a number of air carriers including Alaska Airlines American Airlines Braniff International Airways Continental Airlines Delta Air Lines Eastern Airlines Frontier Airlines 1950 1986 Hughes Airwest National Airlines 1934 1980 Pan Am Trans World Airlines TWA United Airlines and Western Airlines previously operated such cooperative through plane interchange flights on both domestic and or international services with these schedules appearing in their respective system timetables 1 2 Delta Air Lines pioneered the hub and spoke system for aviation in 1955 from its hub in Atlanta Georgia United States 3 in an effort to compete with Eastern Air Lines FedEx adopted the hub and spoke model for overnight package delivery during the 1970s When the United States airline industry was deregulated in 1978 Delta s hub and spoke paradigm was adopted by several airlines Many airlines around the world operate hub and spoke systems facilitating passenger connections between their respective flights Public transport Edit nbsp In suburban Toronto Finch Station connects underground train local regional and interregional bus services Intermodal passenger transport hubs in public transport include bus stations railway stations and metro stations while a major transport hub often multimodal bus and rail may be referred to as a transport centre or in American English as a transit center 4 Sections of city streets that are devoted to functioning as transit hubs are referred to as transit malls In cities with a central station that station often also functions as a transport hub in addition to being a railway station Journey planning involving transport hubs is more complicated than direct trips as journeys will typically require a transfer at the hub Modern electronic journey planners for public transport have a digital representation of both the stops and transport hubs in a network to allow them to calculate journeys that include transfers at hubs Airports EditMain article Airline hub Airports have a twofold hub function First they concentrate passenger traffic into one place for onward transportation This makes it important for airports to be connected to the surrounding transport infrastructure including roads bus services and railway and rapid transit systems Secondly some airports function as intra modular hubs for the airlines or airline hubs This is a common strategy among network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs if they want to get between two cities the airline doesn t fly directly between Airlines have extended the hub and spoke model in various ways One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis and to create major routes between the hubs This reduces the need to travel long distances between nodes that are close together Another method is to use focus cities to implement point to point service for high traffic routes bypassing the hub entirely Freight EditThere are usually three kinds of freight hubs sea road sea rail and road rail though they can also be sea road rail With the growth of containerization intermodal freight transport has become more efficient often making multiple legs cheaper than through services increasing the use of hubs citation needed See also EditCentral station Infrastructure security Intermodal journey planner Junction traffic Layover Spoke hub distribution paradigm Transit desert Transit mallReferences Edit http www timetableimages com Archived 2017 09 12 at the Wayback Machine April 24 1966 amp July 1 1986 Braniff International Airways system timetables Jan 15 1956 Continental Airlines system timetable Sept 30 1966 Delta Air Lines system timetable June 1 1980 Alaska Airlines system timetable April 24 1966 United Airlines system timetable March 2 1962 National Airlines system timetable June 1 1969 Pan Am system timetable http www departedflights com Archived 2016 10 20 at the Wayback Machine March 1 1981 Western Airlines route map Delta Air Lines Delta through decades Archived from the original on 2005 11 24 A transit center is a major transit hub served by several bus or rail lines Tri Met Transit Centers Archived 2010 06 12 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Transport hub amp oldid 1151150761, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
