"The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore provides regionally diverse and unique plant communities."[2] "Over 800 plant species occur within the lakeshore, including Wisconsin listed endangered and threatened species."[2] The Apostles are dominated by boreal forest, composed largely of white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea), often mixed with white birch (Betula papyrifera), white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), white pine (Pinus strobus), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). On Madeline Island, Stockton Island, and several other islands, a unique bog dune ecosystem can be found near deep bays and enclosed lagoons.
According to the National Park Service, "One of the greatest concentrations of black bears in North America is found on Stockton Island in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. Bears also regularly inhabit Sand and Oak islands, and, due to their mobility, may be found on just about any of the Apostle Islands."[3]
Sea caves at Devils Island
"The Lakeshore provides important nesting habitat for the following colonial nesting birds: herring and ring-billed gulls, double-crested cormorants, great blue herons, and cliff swallows. Gull and Eagle Islands combined have 88% of the lakeshore's breeding herring gull populations and 80% of the herring gull breeding population on the entire Wisconsin shore of Lake Superior. Eagle Island has the only great blue heron rookery in the park."[4]
Sea caves
Some winters the lake freezes solid enough that the Park Service lets people walk from Meyers Beach across the lake ice to see the caves.
Good examples of the sea caves of the Great Lakes are located on the shorelines of the Apostle Islands. Examples include the following locations: Swallow Point on Sand Island, the North Shore of Devils Island, and near Mawikwe[5] Bay on the mainland. Arches and delicate chambers are visible. During the winters, visitors can see frozen waterfalls and chambers filled with delicate icicles.
History
Though archeological finds have pointed to traces of human activity as early as 100BC, the earliest known full-time settlers to the islands were Anishinaabe peoples migrating from the east coast beginning in around 950AD, following the waterways comprising the established trade routes that had connected the eastern nations to western nations for thousands of years. Details and stories of these migration were preserved in the birch bark scrolls, Some can now be seen being preserved in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C. As these migrations continued west, they created several prominent settlements, but when the wild rice growing in the marshes of the shallow Chequamegon Bay, they made Mooningwanekaaning (now Madeline Island) their capital, with settlements on Stockton Island and Manitou Island as well as along the shoreline.
On and around these islands, the Ojibwa people discovered and innovated agricultural advancements, including excavating copper deposits and creating specialized tools for agriculture, hunting and fishing, the use of canoes in rice harvesting, conjugal collaborative farming, and the Three Sisters Crop Complex, enabling the Ojibwa to greatly expand their population, territory and power outward in all directions creating an enormous nation. However, these rapid advances in technology, along with five more centuries of migration from the east, also caused divisive ideological disagreements over traditionalism, and ultimately, the Potowatomi, Ottawa, and other tribes split off, leaving the Ojibwe alone wielding full control over the entire Lake Superior region, with the Islands remaining their current power center, but all the many Mississippi nations' ancient cultural and spiritual home.
When the early French traders arrived around 1640, the capital city on Madeline Island was given the name La Pointe, and by 1693 it was fortified and included as an official Trading Post city in the Empire of New France, but with the westward expansion of European colonialism, conflicts boiled into formal wars from 1775 onward. Over the next 35 years, as more and more Native populations were concentrated into increasingly smaller areas, these areas became unable to provide sustenance for the swelling populations, and in 1811, the recognized principal Chief Buffalo from La Pointe led an army of Ojibwa to fight in Tecumseh's War against the U.S.. However, he had a change of heart and pursued diplomacy when he met Michel Caddotte in Sault Ste Marie, who convinced him that by avoiding violence against the US, he could negotiate better treaties for the Ojibwa people. Though the American flag was hoisted over the Islands in 1816, Chief Buffalo fought decades of the United States' government and mining and lumber capitalists continual and sometimes deadly efforts to completely remove the Ojibwe people, successfully securing permanent reserves of land including the mainland coastline nearest the Islands for the Red Cliff band, as well as entire reservations for other bands in the region.
"Zaagawaamikong", Southernmost; not geologically part of the Apostle Islands, but rather an extension of Chequamegon Point; in Town of Sanborn, Ashland County
^Bear of the Apostles. July 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine National Park Service. 4 March 2008.
^Birds. 8 January 2008. National Park Service. 4 March 2008.
^"Squaw Bay gets new name". Duluth News Tribune. 15 June 2007.
^Historic Diaries: James Doty, 1820; Wisconsin Historical Society; Retrieved July 26, 2008
^Paprock, John-Brian; Teresa Peneguy Paprock (2001). Sacred Sites of Wisconsin. Big Earth Publishing. p. 105. ISBN1-931599-01-7.
^. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
External links
"Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (U.S. National Park Service)".
Madeline Island History Museum
"Apostle Islands | PDF". "A Unique Collection of Islands" book
"Lake Superior Trials". "Lake Superior Trials" public radio report
December 26, 2022
apostle, islands, islands, crozet, archipelago, Îlots, apôtres, group, islands, lake, superior, bayfield, peninsula, northern, wisconsin, majority, islands, located, ashland, county, only, sand, york, eagle, raspberry, islands, located, bayfield, county, islan. For the islands in the Crozet Archipelago see Ilots des Apotres The Apostle Islands are a group of 22 islands in Lake Superior off the Bayfield Peninsula in northern Wisconsin 1 The majority of the islands are located in Ashland County only Sand York Eagle and Raspberry Islands are located in Bayfield County All the islands except for Madeline Island are part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore The islands in Ashland County are all in the Town of La Pointe except for Long Island which is in the Town of Sanborn while those in Bayfield County are in the Towns of Russell and Bayfield Apostle IslandsAshland County Wisconsin from 1895 U S Atlas with Apostle Islands located in the northApostle IslandsShow map of WisconsinApostle IslandsShow map of the United StatesGeographyLocationLake SuperiorCoordinates46 57 55 N 90 39 51 W 46 96528 N 90 66417 W 46 96528 90 66417 Coordinates 46 57 55 N 90 39 51 W 46 96528 N 90 66417 W 46 96528 90 66417 Contents 1 Environment 2 Sea caves 3 History 4 Islands 5 Climate 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksEnvironment Edit The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore provides regionally diverse and unique plant communities 2 Over 800 plant species occur within the lakeshore including Wisconsin listed endangered and threatened species 2 The Apostles are dominated by boreal forest composed largely of white spruce Picea glauca and balsam fir Abies balsamea often mixed with white birch Betula papyrifera white cedar Thuja occidentalis white pine Pinus strobus balsam poplar Populus balsamifera and quaking aspen Populus tremuloides On Madeline Island Stockton Island and several other islands a unique bog dune ecosystem can be found near deep bays and enclosed lagoons According to the National Park Service One of the greatest concentrations of black bears in North America is found on Stockton Island in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Bears also regularly inhabit Sand and Oak islands and due to their mobility may be found on just about any of the Apostle Islands 3 Sea caves at Devils Island The Lakeshore provides important nesting habitat for the following colonial nesting birds herring and ring billed gulls double crested cormorants great blue herons and cliff swallows Gull and Eagle Islands combined have 88 of the lakeshore s breeding herring gull populations and 80 of the herring gull breeding population on the entire Wisconsin shore of Lake Superior Eagle Island has the only great blue heron rookery in the park 4 Sea caves Edit Some winters the lake freezes solid enough that the Park Service lets people walk from Meyers Beach across the lake ice to see the caves Good examples of the sea caves of the Great Lakes are located on the shorelines of the Apostle Islands Examples include the following locations Swallow Point on Sand Island the North Shore of Devils Island and near Mawikwe 5 Bay on the mainland Arches and delicate chambers are visible During the winters visitors can see frozen waterfalls and chambers filled with delicate icicles History EditThough archeological finds have pointed to traces of human activity as early as 100 BC the earliest known full time settlers to the islands were Anishinaabe peoples migrating from the east coast beginning in around 950 AD following the waterways comprising the established trade routes that had connected the eastern nations to western nations for thousands of years Details and stories of these migration were preserved in the birch bark scrolls Some can now be seen being preserved in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington D C As these migrations continued west they created several prominent settlements but when the wild rice growing in the marshes of the shallow Chequamegon Bay they made Mooningwanekaaning now Madeline Island their capital with settlements on Stockton Island and Manitou Island as well as along the shoreline On and around these islands the Ojibwa people discovered and innovated agricultural advancements including excavating copper deposits and creating specialized tools for agriculture hunting and fishing the use of canoes in rice harvesting conjugal collaborative farming and the Three Sisters Crop Complex enabling the Ojibwa to greatly expand their population territory and power outward in all directions creating an enormous nation However these rapid advances in technology along with five more centuries of migration from the east also caused divisive ideological disagreements over traditionalism and ultimately the Potowatomi Ottawa and other tribes split off leaving the Ojibwe alone wielding full control over the entire Lake Superior region with the Islands remaining their current power center but all the many Mississippi nations ancient cultural and spiritual home When the early French traders arrived around 1640 the capital city on Madeline Island was given the name La Pointe and by 1693 it was fortified and included as an official Trading Post city in the Empire of New France but with the westward expansion of European colonialism conflicts boiled into formal wars from 1775 onward Over the next 35 years as more and more Native populations were concentrated into increasingly smaller areas these areas became unable to provide sustenance for the swelling populations and in 1811 the recognized principal Chief Buffalo from La Pointe led an army of Ojibwa to fight in Tecumseh s War against the U S However he had a change of heart and pursued diplomacy when he met Michel Caddotte in Sault Ste Marie who convinced him that by avoiding violence against the US he could negotiate better treaties for the Ojibwa people Though the American flag was hoisted over the Islands in 1816 Chief Buffalo fought decades of the United States government and mining and lumber capitalists continual and sometimes deadly efforts to completely remove the Ojibwe people successfully securing permanent reserves of land including the mainland coastline nearest the Islands for the Red Cliff band as well as entire reservations for other bands in the region The islands were renamed the Apostle Islands by New France historian Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix 6 who renamed them after the 12 apostles for the 12 largest islands 7 Islands EditAll islands lie in the Town of La Pointe in Ashland County unless indicated otherwise Name Size Acres NotesMadeline Island 15359 45 Acres Mooniingwanekaaning Largest inhabited amp not part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Stockton Island 9892 46 Acres Gigawekamingo Gull Island 3 51 Acres Gayaashko The smallest islandEagle Island 27 7 Acres Naabikwaani Westernmost in Town of Bayfield Bayfield CountyOuter Island 7860 88 Acres Gichi ishkwaayaan Easternmost and northernmost site of Outer Island LighthouseOak Island 5024 09 Acres Mitigominikaani Sand Island 2859 33 Acres Waabaabikaa In Town of Bayfield Bayfield County site of Sand Island LighthouseBasswood Island 1914 28 Acres Wiigobiish Bear Island 1814 03 Acres Makwa Michigan Island 1538 74 Acres Bagidaabii Site of Michigan Island LighthouseHermit Island 787 60 Acres Eshkwegwindeg Cat Island 1339 07 Acres Gaagaagiwanzhiikaag Otter Island 1322 68 Acres Anweshin nigig Manitou Island 1325 20 Acres Manidoo Rocky Island 1049 32 Acres Ziinzibaakwado Long Island 308 7 Acres Zaagawaamikong Southernmost not geologically part of the Apostle Islands but rather an extension of Chequamegon Point in Town of Sanborn Ashland CountyIronwood Island 666 05 Acres Gaa maananoonsi York Island 273 83 Acres Miskwaabiimizhikaag In Town of Russell Bayfield CountyRaspberry Island 287 6 Acres Miskominikaani In Town of Russell Bayfield County site of Raspberry Island LighthouseDevils Island 310 28 Acres Maji manidoo Site of Devils Island LighthouseSouth Twin Island 336 37 Acres Waaboozo North Twin Island 165 7 Acres Miskwasinikaag source except for Native American place names Climate Edit Taken by Resourcesat 2 on March 24 2022Apostle IslandsClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 69 11 16 74 12 17 64 2 7 86 3 2 163 6 2 147 13 9 100 18 15 142 16 13 87 16 13 86 9 7 93 4 4 77 2 6Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource 8 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 2 7 12 3 2 9 10 1 2 5 28 19 3 4 37 28 6 4 43 36 5 8 55 48 3 9 64 59 5 6 61 55 3 4 61 55 3 4 48 45 3 7 39 39 3 28 21Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inchesSee also EditApostle Islands Lighthouses Apostle Islands National Lakeshore La Pointe Wisconsin La Pointe community Wisconsin Big Bay State Park Islands of the Midwest List of islands of the United States Islands of the Great Lakes Populated islands of the Great Lakes KechewaishkeReferences Edit Apostle Islands a b Plants Archived May 18 2008 at the Wayback Machine National Park Service 4 March 2008 Bear of the Apostles Archived July 24 2008 at the Wayback Machine National Park Service 4 March 2008 Birds 8 January 2008 National Park Service 4 March 2008 Squaw Bay gets new name Duluth News Tribune 15 June 2007 Historic Diaries James Doty 1820 Wisconsin Historical Society Retrieved July 26 2008 Paprock John Brian Teresa Peneguy Paprock 2001 Sacred Sites of Wisconsin Big Earth Publishing p 105 ISBN 1 931599 01 7 NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index NASA Archived from the original on 6 August 2013 Retrieved 30 January 2016 External links Edit Apostle Islands National Lakeshore U S National Park Service Friends of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore web site Madeline Island History Museum Apostle Islands PDF A Unique Collection of Islands book Lake Superior Trials Lake Superior Trials public radio report Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Apostle Islands amp oldid 1118078168, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
