Aplysina aerophoba forms colonies up to 1 m (3 ft) across of irregular, yellow, tubular processes. Individual tubes are up to 4 cm (1.6 in) long and 2.5 cm (1.0 in) wide, with small oscula or exhalant pores in the centre of the flattened end. The surface of both basal mass and tubes bears small, cylindrical projections of variable length. The surface is slippery to the touch and the texture is firm and rubbery.[2] When removed from water, this sponge turns blue, leading to its specific name "aerophoba" (Greek: "fear of air").[3]
Aplysina aerophoba could be confused with another yellow sponge, Aplysina cavernicola, but the two have different textures, morphology and pigmentation, and occupy different habitats, with A. aerophoba being found in sunlit spots and A. cavernicola in marine caves. Another, dis-similar, dwarf yellow sponge has been found in the Mediterranean in the early 21st century; genetic analysis has confirmed that it is a miniature form of A. aerophoba.[4]
The dwarf form is a bright sulphur yellow colour and forms small lobular patches on the surface of rocks. These do not usually touch each other, but there may be some non-apparent connection between them. Each lobe is somewhere between 2 and 15 mm (0.1 and 0.6 in) in diameter and often has small, slender cylindrical projections a few millimetres long. The surface is pitted with small puncture marks which correspond to the inhalant pores. The oscula are very small, usually less than 1 mm in diameter.[5]
Distribution and habitat
Aplysina aerophoba is chiefly a Mediterranean species, but is also found in adjacent parts of the Atlantic Ocean in Portugal and northwestern Spain.[2] It is common in the Canary Islands.[3] Its depth range is from the lower intertidal zone to about 20 m (70 ft), usually being found in sunlit locations.[2] The dwarf form is known from a few locations in the Mediterranean Sea including Liguria, Provence and Corsica, and lives in caves and under overhangs in very shallow water.[5]
Ecology
This sponge feeds by drawing water in through small pores known as ostia at the base of the sponge and ejecting the water from the oscula, having filtered out organic particles such as bacteria, unicellular algae and tiny particles of detritus. It is a hermaphrodite; the gametes are released into the sea where fertilisation occurs, the larvae are planktonic and soon settle in a suitable location and undergo metamorphosis into juvenile sponges. Under certain conditions, the sponge can produce buds which separate off from the parent and form new colonies.[5]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aplysina aerophoba.
Wikispecies has information related to Aplysina aerophoba.
^ abBoury-Esnault, Nicole (2020). "Aplysina aerophoba (Nardo, 1833)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
^ abcvan Soest, Rob. "Aplysina aerophoba". Sponges of the NE Atlantic. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
^ abKreuzberg, Ronny. "Yellow tube sponge: Aplysina aerophoba". Tauchen auf den Kanaren. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
^Costa, G.; Violi, B.; Bavestrello, G.; Pansini, M. & Bertolino, M. (2020). "Aplysina aerophoba (Nardo, 1833) (Porifera, Demospongiae): an unexpected miniaturised growth form from the tidal zone of Mediterranean caves: morphology and DNA barcoding". The European Zoological Journal. 87 (1): 73–81. doi:10.1080/24750263.2020.1720833.
^ abcAndré, Frédéric & Miquel, Jean-Pierre (10 February 2020). "Aplysina aerophoba (forme naine) (Nardo, 1833)" (in French). DORIS. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
January 31, 2023
aplysina, aerophoba, species, sponge, family, aplysinidae, yellow, tube, forming, encrusting, sponge, native, eastern, atlantic, ocean, mediterranean, type, locality, adriatic, scientific, classificationkingdom, animaliaphylum, poriferaclass, demospongiaeorder. Aplysina aerophoba is a species of sponge in the family Aplysinidae It is a yellow tube forming or encrusting sponge and is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea the type locality is the Adriatic Sea 1 Aplysina aerophobaScientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum PoriferaClass DemospongiaeOrder VerongidaFamily AplysinidaeGenus AplysinaSpecies A aerophobaBinomial nameAplysina aerophoba Nardo 1833 1 SynonymsAplysia aerophoba Nardo 1833Aplysina carnosa Schmidt 1862Verongia aerophoba Nardo 1833 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Ecology 4 ReferencesDescription EditAplysina aerophoba forms colonies up to 1 m 3 ft across of irregular yellow tubular processes Individual tubes are up to 4 cm 1 6 in long and 2 5 cm 1 0 in wide with small oscula or exhalant pores in the centre of the flattened end The surface of both basal mass and tubes bears small cylindrical projections of variable length The surface is slippery to the touch and the texture is firm and rubbery 2 When removed from water this sponge turns blue leading to its specific name aerophoba Greek fear of air 3 Aplysina aerophoba could be confused with another yellow sponge Aplysina cavernicola but the two have different textures morphology and pigmentation and occupy different habitats with A aerophoba being found in sunlit spots and A cavernicola in marine caves Another dis similar dwarf yellow sponge has been found in the Mediterranean in the early 21st century genetic analysis has confirmed that it is a miniature form of A aerophoba 4 The dwarf form is a bright sulphur yellow colour and forms small lobular patches on the surface of rocks These do not usually touch each other but there may be some non apparent connection between them Each lobe is somewhere between 2 and 15 mm 0 1 and 0 6 in in diameter and often has small slender cylindrical projections a few millimetres long The surface is pitted with small puncture marks which correspond to the inhalant pores The oscula are very small usually less than 1 mm in diameter 5 Distribution and habitat EditAplysina aerophoba is chiefly a Mediterranean species but is also found in adjacent parts of the Atlantic Ocean in Portugal and northwestern Spain 2 It is common in the Canary Islands 3 Its depth range is from the lower intertidal zone to about 20 m 70 ft usually being found in sunlit locations 2 The dwarf form is known from a few locations in the Mediterranean Sea including Liguria Provence and Corsica and lives in caves and under overhangs in very shallow water 5 Ecology EditThis sponge feeds by drawing water in through small pores known as ostia at the base of the sponge and ejecting the water from the oscula having filtered out organic particles such as bacteria unicellular algae and tiny particles of detritus It is a hermaphrodite the gametes are released into the sea where fertilisation occurs the larvae are planktonic and soon settle in a suitable location and undergo metamorphosis into juvenile sponges Under certain conditions the sponge can produce buds which separate off from the parent and form new colonies 5 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aplysina aerophoba Wikispecies has information related to Aplysina aerophoba a b Boury Esnault Nicole 2020 Aplysina aerophoba Nardo 1833 WoRMS World Register of Marine Species Retrieved 21 September 2020 a b c van Soest Rob Aplysina aerophoba Sponges of the NE Atlantic Marine Species Identification Portal Retrieved 22 September 2020 a b Kreuzberg Ronny Yellow tube sponge Aplysina aerophoba Tauchen auf den Kanaren Retrieved 22 September 2020 Costa G Violi B Bavestrello G Pansini M amp Bertolino M 2020 Aplysina aerophoba Nardo 1833 Porifera Demospongiae an unexpected miniaturised growth form from the tidal zone of Mediterranean caves morphology and DNA barcoding The European Zoological Journal 87 1 73 81 doi 10 1080 24750263 2020 1720833 a b c Andre Frederic amp Miquel Jean Pierre 10 February 2020 Aplysina aerophoba forme naine Nardo 1833 in French DORIS Retrieved 21 September 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aplysina aerophoba amp oldid 997348570, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
