Aphelenchoides besseyi is a plant pathogenic nematode. It is sometimes referred to as rice white tip, spring dwarf, strawberry bud, flying strawberry nematode or strawberry crimp disease nematode.[1][2][3] This foliar nematode is found in Africa, North, Central, and South America, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Pacific islands.[4][5][6]
A. besseyi has a well-developed and distinct metacorpus. The stylet is small with well-developed knobs. The tail has a mucro with three points. Males have a rose thorn spicule and no bursa.
Life cycleedit
The nematodes survival stage is to remain anhydrobiotic in seed until planting. As surrounding plants grow the nematodes become active and feed on meristematic tissue. A. besseyi reproduces amphimicticly although parthenogenesis can take place. As the plant begins to reach reproductive maturity the number of nematodes increases dramatically. The nematodes migrate to feed on reproductive structures eventually settling in the developing rice seed. As the kernel dries the nematode slowly desiccates and can remain viable in the kernel for up to three years. The life cycle of A.besseyi is generally short consisting of around 8–12 days.[4][6] This species is thermophilic. The lower threshold for development is 13 °C (55 °F) and the optimum temperature varies between 23 and 30 °C (73 and 86 °F). The sum of effective temperatures for the development of one generation is 80 degree-days.[7]
Host-parasite relationshipedit
A. besseyi is an ectoparasitic nematode which means it feeds on the plant tissue externally. This nematode is most often associated with a disease in which the leaves of the rice plant turn white in the meristematic regions followed by necrosis.[4][8] These nematodes can also cause stunting and sterility with yield losses of up to 50% reported[4][9]
Managementedit
The most common management practice for A. besseyi is to maintain clean seed stocks. Since the nematode survives in the seed it is fairly easy to control. Seed can be chemically treated to kill nematodes or can be cleaned using a method in which the seed is initially soaked in cool water to activate the nematode and then briefly soaked in hot water to kill them. These seeds can then either be directly planted or quickly dried for storage.
Referencesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aphelenchoides besseyi.
^ abAphelenchoides besseyi at European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
^ abAphelenchoides besseyi at Nemaplex, University of California
^ abLin, MaoSong; Ding, XiaoFan; Wang, ZiMing; Zhou, FengMing; Lin, Na (2005). "Description of Aphelenchoides besseyi from abnormal rice with small grains and erect panicles in China". Chinese Journal of Rice Science. 19 (4): 361–365.
^ abcdBridge, J., and Jim L. Starr, Plant Nematodes of Agricultural Importance - A Colour Handbook. 2007.
^McGawley, E.C., M.C. Rush, and J.P. Hollis, Occurrence of Aphelenchoides besseyi in Louisiana Rice Seed and Its Interaction with Sclerotium oryzae in Selected Cultivars. J Nematol, 1984. 16(1): p. 65-8.
^ abHoshino, S. and K. Togashi, Effect of Water-Soaking and Air-Drying on Survival of Aphelenchoides besseyiinOryza sativa Seeds. J Nematol, 2000. 32(3): p. 303-8.
^Adamo, J.A., C.P. Madamba, and T.A. Chen, Extracting the Rice White-Tip Nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, with Match Sticks. J Nematol, 1976. 8(2): p. 178-9.
^Hoshino, S. and K. Togashi, A Simple Method for Determining Aphelenchoides besseyi Infestation Level of Oryza sativa Seeds. J Nematol, 1999. 31(4S): p. 641-3.
January 01, 1970
aphelenchoides, besseyi, plant, pathogenic, nematode, sometimes, referred, rice, white, spring, dwarf, strawberry, flying, strawberry, nematode, strawberry, crimp, disease, nematode, this, foliar, nematode, found, africa, north, central, south, america, asia, . Aphelenchoides besseyi is a plant pathogenic nematode It is sometimes referred to as rice white tip spring dwarf strawberry bud flying strawberry nematode or strawberry crimp disease nematode 1 2 3 This foliar nematode is found in Africa North Central and South America Asia Eastern Europe and Pacific islands 4 5 6 Rice white tip nematode Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Nematoda Class Secernentea Order Tylenchida Family Aphelenchoididae Genus Aphelenchoides Species A besseyi Binomial name Aphelenchoides besseyiChristie 1942 Synonyms Aphelenchoides oryzae Yokoo Asteroaphelenchoides besseyi Christie Drozdovski 1 2 3 Contents 1 Morphology 2 Life cycle 3 Host parasite relationship 4 Management 5 ReferencesMorphology editA besseyi has a well developed and distinct metacorpus The stylet is small with well developed knobs The tail has a mucro with three points Males have a rose thorn spicule and no bursa Life cycle editThe nematodes survival stage is to remain anhydrobiotic in seed until planting As surrounding plants grow the nematodes become active and feed on meristematic tissue A besseyi reproduces amphimicticly although parthenogenesis can take place As the plant begins to reach reproductive maturity the number of nematodes increases dramatically The nematodes migrate to feed on reproductive structures eventually settling in the developing rice seed As the kernel dries the nematode slowly desiccates and can remain viable in the kernel for up to three years The life cycle of A besseyi is generally short consisting of around 8 12 days 4 6 This species is thermophilic The lower threshold for development is 13 C 55 F and the optimum temperature varies between 23 and 30 C 73 and 86 F The sum of effective temperatures for the development of one generation is 80 degree days 7 Host parasite relationship editA besseyi is an ectoparasitic nematode which means it feeds on the plant tissue externally This nematode is most often associated with a disease in which the leaves of the rice plant turn white in the meristematic regions followed by necrosis 4 8 These nematodes can also cause stunting and sterility with yield losses of up to 50 reported 4 9 Management editThe most common management practice for A besseyi is to maintain clean seed stocks Since the nematode survives in the seed it is fairly easy to control Seed can be chemically treated to kill nematodes or can be cleaned using a method in which the seed is initially soaked in cool water to activate the nematode and then briefly soaked in hot water to kill them These seeds can then either be directly planted or quickly dried for storage References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aphelenchoides besseyi a b Aphelenchoides besseyi at European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization a b Aphelenchoides besseyi at Nemaplex University of California a b Lin MaoSong Ding XiaoFan Wang ZiMing Zhou FengMing Lin Na 2005 Description of Aphelenchoides besseyi from abnormal rice with small grains and erect panicles in China Chinese Journal of Rice Science 19 4 361 365 a b c d Bridge J and Jim L Starr Plant Nematodes of Agricultural Importance A Colour Handbook 2007 McGawley E C M C Rush and J P Hollis Occurrence of Aphelenchoides besseyi in Louisiana Rice Seed and Its Interaction with Sclerotium oryzae in Selected Cultivars J Nematol 1984 16 1 p 65 8 a b Hoshino S and K Togashi Effect of Water Soaking and Air Drying on Survival of Aphelenchoides besseyiinOryza sativa Seeds J Nematol 2000 32 3 p 303 8 AgroAtlas Adamo J A C P Madamba and T A Chen Extracting the Rice White Tip Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi with Match Sticks J Nematol 1976 8 2 p 178 9 Hoshino S and K Togashi A Simple Method for Determining Aphelenchoides besseyi Infestation Level of Oryza sativa Seeds J Nematol 1999 31 4S p 641 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aphelenchoides besseyi amp oldid 1208591640, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
