fbpx
Wikipedia

Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano

March 10, 2024

Antonino Paternò Castello, VIII Marquess of San Giuliano (9 December 1852 – 16 October 1914), was an Italian diplomat and Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
24 December 1905 – 8 February 1906
Prime MinisterAlessandro Fortis
Preceded byAlessandro Fortis
Succeeded byFrancesco Guicciardini
In office
31 March 1910 – 16 October 1914
Prime MinisterLuigi Luzzatti
Giovanni Giolitti
Antonio Salandra
Preceded byFrancesco Guicciardini
Succeeded bySidney Sonnino
Personal details
Born
Antonino Paternò Castello

(1852-12-09)9 December 1852
Catania, Sicily
Died16 October 1914(1914-10-16) (aged 61)
Rome, Italy
Political partyHistorical Right

Early life and political career edit

Antonino Paternò Castello was born in Catania, Sicily, in a family of ancient Aragonese-Sicilian nobility. In his younger years he studied economics and sociology, and published articles on agriculture, industry, population, labour legislation, and emigration in various journals.[1]

In 1882 he was elected to parliament and aligned himself with Sidney Sonnino, representing the conservatives who identified with the old Historical Right. In the early years of the 20th century, he focused on foreign policy in the years of the polarization of European powers into the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente blocs. He was convinced that Italy's national interest could best advanced by balancing itself between the two competing alliances.[1]

Foreign policy edit

He conducted a policy of friendship toward France, while remaining faithful to Italy's commitments to Austria-Hungary and the German Empire. He served as foreign minister (1905–1906), ambassador to London (1906–1909), ambassador to Paris (1909–1910), and foreign minister (1910–1914). An advocate of colonial expansion, his diplomacy cleared the way for the occupation of Libya during the Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912). He resisted the expansion of Austria-Hungary in the Balkans, supported Italian economic penetration of Montenegro, and the independence of Albania.[1]

World War I edit

When World War I broke out, he implemented a policy of neutrality but did not rule out intervention, according to Prime Minister Antonio Salandra's policy of "sacred egoism" (sacro egoismo).[2] Negotiating with both the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance powers, he insisted on gaining maximum territorial concessions for participation in the war to fulfill Italy’s irredentist claims.[2]

He became seriously ill in October 1914 and retired. His successor, Sidney Sonnino, followed the negotiating strategy set by San Giuliano, leading to the secret Treaty of London or London Pact (Italian: Patto di Londra) with the Triple Entente. According to the pact, Italy was to leave the Triple Alliance and join the Triple Entente. Italy was to declare war against Germany and Austria-Hungary within a month in return for territorial concessions at the end of the war.

Honours edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Sarti, Italy: a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present, pp. 539-40
  2. ^ a b Clark, Modern Italy: 1871 to the present, p. 219
  3. ^ a b Italy. Ministero dell'interno (1914). Calendario generale del regno d'Italia. p. 103.
  4. ^ Italy. Ministero dell'interno (1914). Calendario generale del regno d'Italia. p. 81.
  5. ^ Royal Decree of 1910/-Mémorial du centenaire de l'Ordre de Léopold. 1832-1932. Bruxelles, J. Rozez, 1933.
  6. ^ "Journal de Monaco - 31 Mai 1910" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2022.

Further reading edit

  • Bosworth, Richard J.B. Italy the Least of the Great Powers: Italian Foreign Policy Before the First World War (2005).
  • Clark, Martin (2008). Modern Italy: 1871 to the present, Harlow: Pearson Education, ISBN 1-4058-2352-6
  • Lowe, Cedric J. "Britain and Italian Intervention, 1914–1915." Historical Journal 12.3 (1969): 533-548.
  • Renzi, William A. In the Shadow of the Sword: Italy's Neutrality and Entrance into the Great War, 1914-1915 (1987).
  • Sarti, Roland (2004). Italy: a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present, New York: Facts on File Inc., ISBN 0-81607-474-7

External links edit

March 10, 2024
antonino, paternò, castello, marchese, giuliano, antonino, paternò, castello, viii, marquess, giuliano, december, 1852, october, 1914, italian, diplomat, minister, foreign, affairs, minister, foreign, affairsin, office, december, 1905, february, 1906prime, min. Antonino Paterno Castello VIII Marquess of San Giuliano 9 December 1852 16 October 1914 was an Italian diplomat and Minister of Foreign Affairs Antonino Paterno Castello Marchese di San GiulianoMinister of Foreign AffairsIn office 24 December 1905 8 February 1906Prime MinisterAlessandro FortisPreceded byAlessandro FortisSucceeded byFrancesco GuicciardiniIn office 31 March 1910 16 October 1914Prime MinisterLuigi Luzzatti Giovanni Giolitti Antonio SalandraPreceded byFrancesco GuicciardiniSucceeded bySidney SonninoPersonal detailsBornAntonino Paterno Castello 1852 12 09 9 December 1852Catania SicilyDied16 October 1914 1914 10 16 aged 61 Rome ItalyPolitical partyHistorical Right Contents 1 Early life and political career 2 Foreign policy 3 World War I 4 Honours 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksEarly life and political career editAntonino Paterno Castello was born in Catania Sicily in a family of ancient Aragonese Sicilian nobility In his younger years he studied economics and sociology and published articles on agriculture industry population labour legislation and emigration in various journals 1 In 1882 he was elected to parliament and aligned himself with Sidney Sonnino representing the conservatives who identified with the old Historical Right In the early years of the 20th century he focused on foreign policy in the years of the polarization of European powers into the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente blocs He was convinced that Italy s national interest could best advanced by balancing itself between the two competing alliances 1 Foreign policy editHe conducted a policy of friendship toward France while remaining faithful to Italy s commitments to Austria Hungary and the German Empire He served as foreign minister 1905 1906 ambassador to London 1906 1909 ambassador to Paris 1909 1910 and foreign minister 1910 1914 An advocate of colonial expansion his diplomacy cleared the way for the occupation of Libya during the Italo Turkish War 1911 1912 He resisted the expansion of Austria Hungary in the Balkans supported Italian economic penetration of Montenegro and the independence of Albania 1 World War I editWhen World War I broke out he implemented a policy of neutrality but did not rule out intervention according to Prime Minister Antonio Salandra s policy of sacred egoism sacro egoismo 2 Negotiating with both the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance powers he insisted on gaining maximum territorial concessions for participation in the war to fulfill Italy s irredentist claims 2 He became seriously ill in October 1914 and retired His successor Sidney Sonnino followed the negotiating strategy set by San Giuliano leading to the secret Treaty of London or London Pact Italian Patto di Londra with the Triple Entente According to the pact Italy was to leave the Triple Alliance and join the Triple Entente Italy was to declare war against Germany and Austria Hungary within a month in return for territorial concessions at the end of the war Honours edit nbsp 1 December 1907 Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 3 1910 Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy 3 21 October 1912 Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation 4 nbsp 1910 Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold 5 nbsp 19 May 1910 Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Charles 6 See also editItalian entry into World War IReferences edit a b c Sarti Italy a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present pp 539 40 a b Clark Modern Italy 1871 to the present p 219 a b Italy Ministero dell interno 1914 Calendario generale del regno d Italia p 103 Italy Ministero dell interno 1914 Calendario generale del regno d Italia p 81 Royal Decree of 1910 Memorial du centenaire de l Ordre de Leopold 1832 1932 Bruxelles J Rozez 1933 Journal de Monaco 31 Mai 1910 PDF Archived PDF from the original on 19 March 2022 Further reading editBosworth Richard J B Italy the Least of the Great Powers Italian Foreign Policy Before the First World War 2005 Clark Martin 2008 Modern Italy 1871 to the present Harlow Pearson Education ISBN 1 4058 2352 6 Lowe Cedric J Britain and Italian Intervention 1914 1915 Historical Journal 12 3 1969 533 548 Renzi William A In the Shadow of the Sword Italy s Neutrality and Entrance into the Great War 1914 1915 1987 Sarti Roland 2004 Italy a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present New York Facts on File Inc ISBN 0 81607 474 7External links editNewspaper clippings about Antonino Paterno Castello Marchese di San Giuliano in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antonino Paterno Castello Marchese di San Giuliano amp oldid 1212956188, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.