This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December 2021)
Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic is widespread,[1][2] but there are notable differences within the trade.[3]Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine founded on the idea that all disease is caused by disruption of the flow of "innate" (or innate intelligence) in the spine, by so-called vertebral subluxations – a pseudoscientific concept. Over time chiropractic has divided into "straights" who adhere to the subluxation theory and "mixers" who adhere more closely to a reality-based view of anatomy. "Straight" chiropractors are very likely to be anti-vaccination,[4] but all chiropractic training tends to reduce acceptance of vaccines.[5]
Chiropractic anti-vaccinationism has led to negative impacts on both public health and mainstream acceptance of chiropractic.[6]
Details
Most chiropractic writings on vaccination focus on its alleged negative aspects,[1] claiming that vaccination is hazardous, ineffective, and unnecessary.[6]
It is certainly the case that most chiropractic writings on vaccination focus almost exclusively on the negative aspects, either ignoring the huge amount of evidence supporting the benefits of vaccination or summarily dismissing this as “bad science” or government/industrial propaganda.[1]
This is done despite an enormous body of legitimate studies,[7] peer-reviewed work[8] and real-world proof that vaccines lessen the impacts of,[9] and even eliminate,[10] dangerous and deadly diseases.[11] Nonetheless, this area where chiropractors and vaccines intersect has drawn attention, split the profession,[12] led to misinformation,[13] and been the subject of study.[5] Meanwhile, chiropractic training tends to increase opposition to vaccination,[5] and prominent anti-vaccinationists such as Andrew Wakefield have spoken at chiropractic conferences.[14]
Although most chiropractic colleges try to teach about vaccination in a manner consistent with scientific evidence, several have faculty who seem to stress negative views. Some chiropractors have embraced vaccination, but a significant portion of the profession rejects it, as original chiropractic philosophy traces diseases to causes in the spine and states that vaccines interfere with healing.[6] The extent to which anti-vaccination views perpetuate the current chiropractic profession is uncertain.[1] The American Chiropractic Association and the International Chiropractors Association support individual exemptions to compulsory vaccination laws, and a 1995 survey of U.S. chiropractors found that about a third believed there was no scientific proof that immunization prevents disease.[6] The California Chiropractic Association lobbied against a 2015 bill ending belief exemptions for vaccines. They had also opposed a 2012 bill related to vaccination exemptions.[15]
The Canadian Chiropractic Association supports vaccination;[1] a survey in Alberta in 2002 found that 25% of chiropractors advised patients for, and 27% against, vaccinating themselves or their children.[16] Chiropractors have lobbied against pro-vaccination measures such as the removal of personal belief exemptions to vaccine mandates.[17] A survey of a 1999–2000 cross-section of students of Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), which does not formally teach anti-vaccination views, reported that fourth-year students opposed vaccination more strongly than did first-year students, with 29.4% of fourth-year students opposing vaccination.[18] A follow-up study on 2011–12 CMCC students found that pro-vaccination attitudes heavily predominated. Students reported support rates ranging from 84% to 90%. One of the study's authors proposed the change in attitude to be due to the lack of the previous influence of a "subgroup of some charismatic students who were enrolled at CMCC at the time, students who championed the Palmer postulates that advocated against the use of vaccination".[19]
In the United States, courts have examined chiropractic objections to vaccination. The United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio ruled in the 1985 case of Hanzel v. Arter that belief in chiropractic ethics did not constitute a religious belief justifying exemption from vaccination under a statute permitting religious exemptions.[20] In the 2015 case of Head v. Adams Farm Living, Inc., the North Carolina Court of Appeals ruled that a chiropractor was not competent to attest to the need for a medical exemption for vaccination.[21]
References
^ abcdeBusse JW, Morgan L, Campbell JB (2005). "Chiropractic antivaccination arguments". J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 28 (5): 367–73. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.04.011. PMID 15965414. It is certainly the case that most chiropractic writings on vaccination focus almost exclusively on the negative aspects, either ignoring the huge amount of evidence supporting the benefits of vaccination or summarily dismissing this as "bad science" or government/industrial propaganda.
^Frketich, Joanna (2015-02-27). "Anti-vaccination attitudes high among alternative health care providers". The Hamilton Spectator. ISSN 1189-9417. Retrieved 2019-02-11.
^Wardle, Jon; Frawley, Jane; Steel, Amie; Sullivan, Elizabeth (2016). "Complementary medicine and childhood immunisation: A critical review". Vaccine. 34 (38): 4484–4500. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.026. ISSN 0264-410X. PMID 27475472.
^Vernon, Leonard F.; Kent, Christopher (2009). "SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research". Complementary Health Practice Review. 14: 36–50. doi:10.1177/1533210109333771.
^ abcGleberzon, Brian; Lameris, Marlee; Schmidt, Catherine; Ogrady, Jillian (September 2013). "On Vaccination & Chiropractic: when ideology, history, perception, politics and jurisprudence collide". The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 57 (3): 205–213. ISSN 0008-3194. PMC3743646. PMID 23997246.
^"Immunizations". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. 26 December 2019. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
^tjordan_drupal. "Peer review of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine data confirms 100% effectiveness in adolescents | AHA News". www.aha.org. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
^"The chickenpox virus has a fascinating evolutionary history that continues to affect peoples' health today". Department of Biology. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
^"ACIP General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2022-03-15. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
^Astor, Maggie (2021-07-14). "Vocal Anti-Vaccine Chiropractors Split the Profession". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
^"Anti-vaccine chiropractors capitalizing on Covid and sowing misinformation". The Guardian. Associated Press. 2021-10-09. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
^Lee, Bruce Y. "Are Chiropractors Backing The Anti-Vaccine Movement?". Retrieved 2019-02-11.
^ Mason M (March 5, 2015). "Chiropractors lobby against bill ending belief exemptions for vaccines". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
^Russell ML, Injeyan HS, Verhoef MJ, Eliasziw M (2004). "Beliefs and behaviours: understanding chiropractors and immunization". Vaccine. 23 (3): 372–79. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.05.027. PMID 15530683.
^Mason, Melanie (5 March 2015). "Chiropractors lobby against bill ending belief exemptions for vaccines". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Busse JW, Wilson K, Campbell JB (November 2008). "Attitudes towards vaccination among chiropractic and naturopathic students". Vaccine. 26 (49): 6237–43. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.020. PMID 18674581.
^Lameris M, Schmidt C, Gleberzon B, Ogrady J (September 2013). "Attitudes toward vaccination: A cross-sectional survey of students at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College". The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 57 (3): 214–20. PMC3743647. PMID 23997247.
^Brian Dean Abramson, Vaccine, Vaccination, and Immunization Law (Bloomberg Law, 2019), 6-35.
^Brian Dean Abramson, Vaccine, Vaccination, and Immunization Law (Bloomberg Law, 2019), 6-30.
March 04, 2023
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This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information December 2021 Anti vaccinationism in chiropractic is widespread 1 2 but there are notable differences within the trade 3 Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine founded on the idea that all disease is caused by disruption of the flow of innate or innate intelligence in the spine by so called vertebral subluxations a pseudoscientific concept Over time chiropractic has divided into straights who adhere to the subluxation theory and mixers who adhere more closely to a reality based view of anatomy Straight chiropractors are very likely to be anti vaccination 4 but all chiropractic training tends to reduce acceptance of vaccines 5 Chiropractic anti vaccinationism has led to negative impacts on both public health and mainstream acceptance of chiropractic 6 Details EditMost chiropractic writings on vaccination focus on its alleged negative aspects 1 claiming that vaccination is hazardous ineffective and unnecessary 6 It is certainly the case that most chiropractic writings on vaccination focus almost exclusively on the negative aspects either ignoring the huge amount of evidence supporting the benefits of vaccination or summarily dismissing this as bad science or government industrial propaganda 1 This is done despite an enormous body of legitimate studies 7 peer reviewed work 8 and real world proof that vaccines lessen the impacts of 9 and even eliminate 10 dangerous and deadly diseases 11 Nonetheless this area where chiropractors and vaccines intersect has drawn attention split the profession 12 led to misinformation 13 and been the subject of study 5 Meanwhile chiropractic training tends to increase opposition to vaccination 5 and prominent anti vaccinationists such as Andrew Wakefield have spoken at chiropractic conferences 14 Although most chiropractic colleges try to teach about vaccination in a manner consistent with scientific evidence several have faculty who seem to stress negative views Some chiropractors have embraced vaccination but a significant portion of the profession rejects it as original chiropractic philosophy traces diseases to causes in the spine and states that vaccines interfere with healing 6 The extent to which anti vaccination views perpetuate the current chiropractic profession is uncertain 1 The American Chiropractic Association and the International Chiropractors Association support individual exemptions to compulsory vaccination laws and a 1995 survey of U S chiropractors found that about a third believed there was no scientific proof that immunization prevents disease 6 The California Chiropractic Association lobbied against a 2015 bill ending belief exemptions for vaccines They had also opposed a 2012 bill related to vaccination exemptions 15 The Canadian Chiropractic Association supports vaccination 1 a survey in Alberta in 2002 found that 25 of chiropractors advised patients for and 27 against vaccinating themselves or their children 16 Chiropractors have lobbied against pro vaccination measures such as the removal of personal belief exemptions to vaccine mandates 17 A survey of a 1999 2000 cross section of students of Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College CMCC which does not formally teach anti vaccination views reported that fourth year students opposed vaccination more strongly than did first year students with 29 4 of fourth year students opposing vaccination 18 A follow up study on 2011 12 CMCC students found that pro vaccination attitudes heavily predominated Students reported support rates ranging from 84 to 90 One of the study s authors proposed the change in attitude to be due to the lack of the previous influence of a subgroup of some charismatic students who were enrolled at CMCC at the time students who championed the Palmer postulates that advocated against the use of vaccination 19 In the United States courts have examined chiropractic objections to vaccination The United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio ruled in the 1985 case of Hanzel v Arter that belief in chiropractic ethics did not constitute a religious belief justifying exemption from vaccination under a statute permitting religious exemptions 20 In the 2015 case of Head v Adams Farm Living Inc the North Carolina Court of Appeals ruled that a chiropractor was not competent to attest to the need for a medical exemption for vaccination 21 References Edit a b c d e Busse JW Morgan L Campbell JB 2005 Chiropractic antivaccination arguments J Manipulative Physiol Ther 28 5 367 73 doi 10 1016 j jmpt 2005 04 011 PMID 15965414 It is certainly the case that most chiropractic writings on vaccination focus almost exclusively on the negative aspects either ignoring the huge amount of evidence supporting the benefits of vaccination or summarily dismissing this as bad science or government industrial propaganda Frketich Joanna 2015 02 27 Anti vaccination attitudes high among alternative health care providers The Hamilton Spectator ISSN 1189 9417 Retrieved 2019 02 11 Wardle Jon Frawley Jane Steel Amie Sullivan Elizabeth 2016 Complementary medicine and childhood immunisation A critical review Vaccine 34 38 4484 4500 doi 10 1016 j vaccine 2016 07 026 ISSN 0264 410X PMID 27475472 Vernon Leonard F Kent Christopher 2009 SAGE Journals Your gateway to world class journal research Complementary Health Practice Review 14 36 50 doi 10 1177 1533210109333771 a b c Gleberzon Brian Lameris Marlee Schmidt Catherine Ogrady Jillian September 2013 On Vaccination amp Chiropractic when ideology history perception politics and jurisprudence collide The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association 57 3 205 213 ISSN 0008 3194 PMC 3743646 PMID 23997246 a b c d Campbell JB Busse JW Injeyan HS 2000 Chiropractors and vaccination a historical perspective Pediatrics 105 4 e43 doi 10 1542 peds 105 4 e43 PMID 10742364 Immunizations www hopkinsmedicine org 26 December 2019 Retrieved 2022 04 22 tjordan drupal Peer review of Pfizer COVID 19 vaccine data confirms 100 effectiveness in adolescents AHA News www aha org Retrieved 2022 04 22 The chickenpox virus has a fascinating evolutionary history that continues to affect peoples health today Department of Biology Retrieved 2022 04 22 Smallpox vaccines www who int Retrieved 2022 04 22 ACIP General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization CDC www cdc gov 2022 03 15 Retrieved 2022 04 22 Astor Maggie 2021 07 14 Vocal Anti Vaccine Chiropractors Split the Profession The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 04 22 Anti vaccine chiropractors capitalizing on Covid and sowing misinformation The Guardian Associated Press 2021 10 09 Retrieved 2022 04 22 Lee Bruce Y Are Chiropractors Backing The Anti Vaccine Movement Retrieved 2019 02 11 Mason M March 5 2015 Chiropractors lobby against bill ending belief exemptions for vaccines Los Angeles Times Retrieved March 6 2015 Russell ML Injeyan HS Verhoef MJ Eliasziw M 2004 Beliefs and behaviours understanding chiropractors and immunization Vaccine 23 3 372 79 doi 10 1016 j vaccine 2004 05 027 PMID 15530683 Mason Melanie 5 March 2015 Chiropractors lobby against bill ending belief exemptions for vaccines a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Busse JW Wilson K Campbell JB November 2008 Attitudes towards vaccination among chiropractic and naturopathic students Vaccine 26 49 6237 43 doi 10 1016 j vaccine 2008 07 020 PMID 18674581 Lameris M Schmidt C Gleberzon B Ogrady J September 2013 Attitudes toward vaccination A cross sectional survey of students at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association 57 3 214 20 PMC 3743647 PMID 23997247 Brian Dean Abramson Vaccine Vaccination and Immunization Law Bloomberg Law 2019 6 35 Brian Dean Abramson Vaccine Vaccination and Immunization Law Bloomberg Law 2019 6 30 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anti vaccinationism in chiropractic amp oldid 1117121803, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
