Triprion spinosus, also known as the spiny-headed tree frog, spiny-headed treefrog, spinyhead treefrog, coronated treefrog, and crowned hyla, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.[4] It has a spotty distribution in Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras, and southern Mexico.[1][4] Previously in its own monotypic genus AnothecaSmith, 1939,[5] it was transferred to the genus Triprion in 2018.[6]
The upperparts of this species range from grayish to brownish
This species is a relative large frog with a snout–to–vent length of 5.8 to 8 cm (2.3–3.1 in). It has numerous sharp, pointed projections on the head and dorsal surface, hence the common name.[7] The skin on the head is fused to the skull and the tympanum is very large. The legs are long and slender and the digits have adhesive discs at the tips. The dorsal surface is pale brown or gray, with dark markings, and the flanks are dark brown or black, the colors being separated by a narrow white band.[8]
Ecologyedit
This species is active at night when the male's call "boop...boop...boop" is more likely to be heard than the frog is to be seen. The male calls from beside a temporary water body, a water-filled hollow in a tree or the water caught in the rosette of a bromeliad, and this is where the female lays. The developing tadpoles will be safe from large predators such as fish, but there is a dearth of suitable food in these minute pools. The female frog solves this problem by periodically visiting each of the locations where she has laid, and laying unfertilised eggs for the young to feed on. The tadpoles stimulate her to do this by nibbling at her belly. Up to sixteen tadpoles have been found in a single transient pool.[8]
Habitat and conservationedit
Triprion spinosus occurs in lowland rainforests and montane humid forests at elevations of 95–2,000 m (310–6,560 ft) above sea level. However, in at least Costa Rica and Panama, it can be common in young secondary growth forest and coffee plantations far from forest. Breeding takes place in tree holes. It is threatened by severe disturbance, clearance and transformation of its original habitat to open areas. It is present in a number of protected areas.[1] A captive "insurance population" is bred and maintained by the El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center, Panama, Atlanta Botanical Garden, United States, and a few AZA zoos.[9]
Referencesedit
^ abcIUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Triprion spinosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T55296A3028482. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T55296A3028482.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
^Steindachner, Franz (1864). "Batrachologische Mittheilungen". Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 14: 239–241; Pl. 9, Figs 1, 1a–c. {{cite journal}}: External link in |postscript= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^Stejneger, Leonhard (1911). "Description of three new batrachians from Costa Rica and Panama". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 41 (1857): 286–287. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.1857.285.
^ abcFrost, Darrel R. (2019). "Triprion spinosus (Steindachner, 1864)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
^Smith, Hobart M. (1939). "Mexican Herpetological Novelties". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 52: 190–191; Pl. 1, Figs. 1–3; Pl. 2. Fig. 6. {{cite journal}}: External link in |postscript= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^Faivovich, Julián; Pereyra, Martín O.; Luna, María Celeste; Hertz, Andreas; Blotto, Boris L.; Vásquez-Almazán, Carlos R.; McCranie, James R.; Sánchez, David A. & Baêta, Délio (2018). "On the monophyly and relationships of several genera of Hylini (Anura: Hylidae: Hylinae), with comments on recent taxonomic changes in hylids". South American Journal of Herpetology. 13 (1): 1–32. doi:10.2994/sajh-d-17-00115.1. hdl:11336/94370.
^"Anotheca spinosa Steindachner 1864". Amphibians of Panama. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
^ abHalliday, Tim (2016). The Book of Frogs: A Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred Species from Around the World. University of Chicago Press. p. 277. ISBN978-0-226-18465-4.
^Gratwicke, B.; et al. (2016). "Evaluating the probability of avoiding disease-related extinctions of Panamanian amphibians through captive breeding programs". Animal Conservation. 19 (4). doi:10.1111/acv.12249.
Further readingedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Triprion spinosus.
Duellman, William E. (1968). "The Taxonomic Status of Some American Hylid Frogs". Herpetologica. 24 (3): 195–197. JSTOR 3891011.
April 18, 2024
triprion, spinosus, also, known, spiny, headed, tree, frog, spiny, headed, treefrog, spinyhead, treefrog, coronated, treefrog, crowned, hyla, species, frog, family, hylidae, spotty, distribution, panama, costa, rica, honduras, southern, mexico, previously, mon. Triprion spinosus also known as the spiny headed tree frog spiny headed treefrog spinyhead treefrog coronated treefrog and crowned hyla is a species of frog in the family Hylidae 4 It has a spotty distribution in Panama Costa Rica Honduras and southern Mexico 1 4 Previously in its own monotypic genus Anotheca Smith 1939 5 it was transferred to the genus Triprion in 2018 6 Triprion spinosus Conservation status Near Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia Order Anura Family Hylidae Genus Triprion Species T spinosus Binomial name Triprion spinosus Steindachner 1864 Synonyms 4 Hyla spinosa Steindachner 1864 2 Gastrotheca coronata Stejneger 1911 3 Nototrema coronatum Nieden 1923Anotheca coronata Smith 1939Anotheca spinosa Duellman 1968 Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Habitat and conservation 4 References 5 Further readingDescription edit nbsp nbsp The upperparts of this species range from grayish to brownish This species is a relative large frog with a snout to vent length of 5 8 to 8 cm 2 3 3 1 in It has numerous sharp pointed projections on the head and dorsal surface hence the common name 7 The skin on the head is fused to the skull and the tympanum is very large The legs are long and slender and the digits have adhesive discs at the tips The dorsal surface is pale brown or gray with dark markings and the flanks are dark brown or black the colors being separated by a narrow white band 8 Ecology editThis species is active at night when the male s call boop boop boop is more likely to be heard than the frog is to be seen The male calls from beside a temporary water body a water filled hollow in a tree or the water caught in the rosette of a bromeliad and this is where the female lays The developing tadpoles will be safe from large predators such as fish but there is a dearth of suitable food in these minute pools The female frog solves this problem by periodically visiting each of the locations where she has laid and laying unfertilised eggs for the young to feed on The tadpoles stimulate her to do this by nibbling at her belly Up to sixteen tadpoles have been found in a single transient pool 8 Habitat and conservation editTriprion spinosus occurs in lowland rainforests and montane humid forests at elevations of 95 2 000 m 310 6 560 ft above sea level However in at least Costa Rica and Panama it can be common in young secondary growth forest and coffee plantations far from forest Breeding takes place in tree holes It is threatened by severe disturbance clearance and transformation of its original habitat to open areas It is present in a number of protected areas 1 A captive insurance population is bred and maintained by the El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center Panama Atlanta Botanical Garden United States and a few AZA zoos 9 References edit a b c IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2020 Triprion spinosus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T55296A3028482 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 3 RLTS T55296A3028482 en Retrieved 16 November 2021 Steindachner Franz 1864 Batrachologische Mittheilungen Verhandlungen der Zoologisch Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 14 239 241 Pl 9 Figs 1 1a c a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a External link in code class cs1 code postscript code help CS1 maint postscript link Stejneger Leonhard 1911 Description of three new batrachians from Costa Rica and Panama Proceedings of the United States National Museum 41 1857 286 287 doi 10 5479 si 00963801 1857 285 a b c Frost Darrel R 2019 Triprion spinosus Steindachner 1864 Amphibian Species of the World an Online Reference Version 6 0 American Museum of Natural History Retrieved 16 November 2019 Smith Hobart M 1939 Mexican Herpetological Novelties Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 52 190 191 Pl 1 Figs 1 3 Pl 2 Fig 6 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a External link in code class cs1 code postscript code help CS1 maint postscript link Faivovich Julian Pereyra Martin O Luna Maria Celeste Hertz Andreas Blotto Boris L Vasquez Almazan Carlos R McCranie James R Sanchez David A amp Baeta Delio 2018 On the monophyly and relationships of several genera of Hylini Anura Hylidae Hylinae with comments on recent taxonomic changes in hylids South American Journal of Herpetology 13 1 1 32 doi 10 2994 sajh d 17 00115 1 hdl 11336 94370 Anotheca spinosa Steindachner 1864 Amphibians of Panama Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Retrieved 12 September 2017 a b Halliday Tim 2016 The Book of Frogs A Life Size Guide to Six Hundred Species from Around the World University of Chicago Press p 277 ISBN 978 0 226 18465 4 Gratwicke B et al 2016 Evaluating the probability of avoiding disease related extinctions of Panamanian amphibians through captive breeding programs Animal Conservation 19 4 doi 10 1111 acv 12249 Further reading edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Triprion spinosus Duellman William E 1968 The Taxonomic Status of Some American Hylid Frogs Herpetologica 24 3 195 197 JSTOR 3891011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Triprion spinosus amp oldid 1192722201, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
