This article is about the Jewish High Priest. For the Indian currency unit, see Indian anna.
Annas (also Ananus[1] or Ananias;[2]Hebrew: חָנָן, khanán; Koinē Greek: Ἅννας, Hánnas; 23/22 BC – death date unknown, probably around AD 40) was appointed by the Roman legate Quirinius as the first High Priest of the newly formed Roman province of Judaea in AD 6 – just after the Romans had deposed Archelaus, Ethnarch of Judaea, thereby putting Judaea directly under Roman rule.
The terms of Annas, Caiaphas, and the five brothers are:
Ananus (or Annas), son of Seth (6–15)
Annas officially served as High Priest for ten years (AD 6–15), when at the age of 36 he was deposed by the procurator Valerius Gratus. Yet while having been officially removed from office, he remained as one of the nation's most influential political and social individuals, aided greatly by the fact that his five sons and his son-in-law Caiaphas all served at sometime as High Priests.[3] His death is unrecorded. His son Annas the Younger, also known as Ananus the son of Ananus, was assassinated in AD 66 for advocating peace with Rome.[2]
Eleazar ben Ananus (16–17)
After Valerius Gratus deposed Ishmael ben Fabus from the high priesthood, he installed Eleazar ben Ananus, (15—16),[4][5] a descendant of John Hyrcanus. It was a time of turbulence in Jewish politics, with the role of the high priesthood being contended for by several priestly families. Eleazar was likewise deposed by Gratus, who gave the office to Simon ben Camithus(17—18).
Caiaphas (18–36)
Properly called Joseph, son of Caiaphas, he was married to the daughter of Annas (John 18:13). Gratus made him high priest after depriving Simon ben Camithus of the office.[4] The comparatively long eighteen-year tenure of Caiaphas suggests he had established a good working relationship with the Roman authorities. Gratus' successor Pontius Pilate retained him as high priest.[6]
References in the Mosaic Law to "the death of the high priest" (Numbers 35:25, 28) suggest that the high-priesthood was ordinarily held for life. Perhaps for this reason, Annas was still called "high priest" even after his dismissal, along with Caiaphas (Luke 3:2). He also may have been acting as president of the Sanhedrin, or a coadjutor of the high priest.
In the New Testament
The plot to kill Lazarus of Bethany
The involvement of the family of Annas may be implied in the plot to kill Lazarus of Bethany in John 12:10. Although Annas is not mentioned by name in the plot to kill Lazarus, several 19th-century writers such as Johann Nepomuk Sepp and the Abbé Drioux, considered that there may be a concealed reference to Annas in the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus which points at a "rich man" with five brothers (Luke 16:28). If it is considered that the rich man dressed in purple and fine linen (cf. Exodus 28:8) represents Caiaphas, as figurehead of the Sadducees, then Annas is intended by the "father" in Luke 16:27, and the "five brothers" Luke 16:28 are Annas' five sons. In support of this is the coincidence that the father and five brothers who will not be convinced even if the parable Lazarus is raised from the dead (Luke 16:31) predict that Caiaphas, Annas, and the five sons of Annas would not believe and plotted to have the real Lazarus killed when he was raised (John 12:10).
The trial of Jesus
Although Caiaphas was the properly appointed high priest, Annas, being his father-in-law and a former incumbent of the office, undoubtedly exercised a great deal of the power attached to the position.[7] According to the Gospel of John (the event is not mentioned in other accounts), Jesus was first brought before Annas, whose palace was closer.[8] Annas questioned him regarding his disciples and teaching, and then sent him on to Caiaphas, where some members of the Sanhedrin had met, and where in Matthew's account the first trial of Jesus took place (Matthew 26:57–68).
In the Book of Acts
After Pentecost, Annas presided over the Sanhedrin before which the ApostlesPeter and John were brought (Acts 4:6).
Cultural references
Annas has an important role in Jesus Christ Superstar, as one of the two main antagonists of the show (the other being Caiaphas) spurring Pontius Pilate to take action against Jesus. In almost all versions, Annas has a very high voice (almost reaching falsetto) to contrast against Caiaphas' bass. Despite being Caiaphas' father-in-law, Annas is generally played by a younger actor.
^"It is said that the elder Ananus was extremely fortunate. For he had five sons, all of whom, after he himself had previously enjoyed the office for a very long period, became high priests of God - a thing that had never happened to any other of our high priests." (Josephus, Jewish Antiquities XX, 9.1)
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Ananus redirects here For other uses see Ananus disambiguation This article is about the Jewish High Priest For the Indian currency unit see Indian anna Annas also Ananus 1 or Ananias 2 Hebrew ח נ ן khanan Koine Greek Ἅnnas Hannas 23 22 BC death date unknown probably around AD 40 was appointed by the Roman legate Quirinius as the first High Priest of the newly formed Roman province of Judaea in AD 6 just after the Romans had deposed Archelaus Ethnarch of Judaea thereby putting Judaea directly under Roman rule Annas appears in the Gospels and Passion plays as a high priest before whom Jesus is brought for judgment prior to being brought before Pontius Pilate Contents 1 The sacerdotal family 1 1 Ananus or Annas son of Seth 6 15 1 2 Eleazar ben Ananus 16 17 1 3 Caiaphas 18 36 1 4 Jonathan ben Ananus 36 37 and 44 1 5 Theophilus ben Ananus 37 41 1 6 Matthias ben Ananus 43 1 7 Ananus ben Ananus 63 2 In the New Testament 2 1 The plot to kill Lazarus of Bethany 2 2 The trial of Jesus 2 3 In the Book of Acts 3 Cultural references 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksThe sacerdotal family EditThe terms of Annas Caiaphas and the five brothers are Ananus or Annas son of Seth 6 15 Edit Annas officially served as High Priest for ten years AD 6 15 when at the age of 36 he was deposed by the procurator Valerius Gratus Yet while having been officially removed from office he remained as one of the nation s most influential political and social individuals aided greatly by the fact that his five sons and his son in law Caiaphas all served at sometime as High Priests 3 His death is unrecorded His son Annas the Younger also known as Ananus the son of Ananus was assassinated in AD 66 for advocating peace with Rome 2 Eleazar ben Ananus 16 17 Edit After Valerius Gratus deposed Ishmael ben Fabus from the high priesthood he installed Eleazar ben Ananus 15 16 4 5 a descendant of John Hyrcanus It was a time of turbulence in Jewish politics with the role of the high priesthood being contended for by several priestly families Eleazar was likewise deposed by Gratus who gave the office to Simon ben Camithus 17 18 Caiaphas 18 36 Edit Properly called Joseph son of Caiaphas he was married to the daughter of Annas John 18 13 Gratus made him high priest after depriving Simon ben Camithus of the office 4 The comparatively long eighteen year tenure of Caiaphas suggests he had established a good working relationship with the Roman authorities Gratus successor Pontius Pilate retained him as high priest 6 Jonathan ben Ananus 36 37 and 44 Edit Jewish titlesPreceded byCaiaphas High Priest of Israel36 37 Succeeded byTheophilus ben AnanusJewish titlesPreceded byElioneus ben Simon Cantatheras High Priest of Israel44 Succeeded byJosephus ben CamydusTheophilus ben Ananus 37 41 Edit Matthias ben Ananus 43 Edit Jewish titlesPreceded bySimon Cantatheras ben Boethus High Priest of Israel43 Succeeded byElioneus ben Simon CantatherasAnanus ben Ananus 63 Edit References in the Mosaic Law to the death of the high priest Numbers 35 25 28 suggest that the high priesthood was ordinarily held for life Perhaps for this reason Annas was still called high priest even after his dismissal along with Caiaphas Luke 3 2 He also may have been acting as president of the Sanhedrin or a coadjutor of the high priest In the New Testament EditThe plot to kill Lazarus of Bethany Edit The involvement of the family of Annas may be implied in the plot to kill Lazarus of Bethany in John 12 10 Although Annas is not mentioned by name in the plot to kill Lazarus several 19th century writers such as Johann Nepomuk Sepp and the Abbe Drioux considered that there may be a concealed reference to Annas in the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus which points at a rich man with five brothers Luke 16 28 If it is considered that the rich man dressed in purple and fine linen cf Exodus 28 8 represents Caiaphas as figurehead of the Sadducees then Annas is intended by the father in Luke 16 27 and the five brothers Luke 16 28 are Annas five sons In support of this is the coincidence that the father and five brothers who will not be convinced even if the parable Lazarus is raised from the dead Luke 16 31 predict that Caiaphas Annas and the five sons of Annas would not believe and plotted to have the real Lazarus killed when he was raised John 12 10 The trial of Jesus Edit Although Caiaphas was the properly appointed high priest Annas being his father in law and a former incumbent of the office undoubtedly exercised a great deal of the power attached to the position 7 According to the Gospel of John the event is not mentioned in other accounts Jesus was first brought before Annas whose palace was closer 8 Annas questioned him regarding his disciples and teaching and then sent him on to Caiaphas where some members of the Sanhedrin had met and where in Matthew s account the first trial of Jesus took place Matthew 26 57 68 In the Book of Acts Edit After Pentecost Annas presided over the Sanhedrin before which the Apostles Peter and John were brought Acts 4 6 Cultural references EditAnnas has an important role in Jesus Christ Superstar as one of the two main antagonists of the show the other being Caiaphas spurring Pontius Pilate to take action against Jesus In almost all versions Annas has a very high voice almost reaching falsetto to contrast against Caiaphas bass Despite being Caiaphas father in law Annas is generally played by a younger actor Jewish titlesPreceded byJoazar ben Boethus High Priest of Israelc 6 15 Succeeded byIshmael ben FabusSee also EditList of biblical figures identified in extra biblical sourcesReferences Edit Josephus The Complete Works Thomas Nelson Publishers Nashville Tennessee US 20 9 1 1998 a b Goodman Martin Rome amp Jerusalem Penguin Books p 12 2007 It is said that the elder Ananus was extremely fortunate For he had five sons all of whom after he himself had previously enjoyed the office for a very long period became high priests of God a thing that had never happened to any other of our high priests Josephus Jewish Antiquities XX 9 1 a b Josephus Antiquities 18 2 2 High Priests of the Second Temple Period Jewish Virtual Library Lendering Jona Caiaphas www livius org Enelow H G Annas Jewish Encyclopedia Gottheil Richard Krauss Samuel Caiaphas 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Jewish Encyclopedia Retrieved 11 January 2019 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Easton Matthew George 1897 Annas Easton s Bible Dictionary New and revised ed T Nelson and Sons External links Edit Wikisource has the text of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia article Annas Annas New International Encyclopedia 1905 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Annas amp oldid 1102864085, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
