Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation (using best linear unbiased prediction and other methods) of the genetic value (estimated breeding value, EBV) of livestock. Selecting for breeding animals with superior EBV in growth rate, egg, meat, milk, or wool production, or with other desirable traits has revolutionized livestock production throughout the entire world. The scientific theory of animal breeding incorporates population genetics, quantitative genetics, statistics, and recently molecular genetics and is based on the pioneering work of Sewall Wright, Jay Lush, and Charles Henderson.
Breeding stock is a group of animals used for the purpose of planned breeding. When individuals are looking to breed animals, they look for certain valuable traits in purebred animals, or may intend to use some type of crossbreeding to produce a new type of stock with different, and presumably superior abilities in a given area of endeavor. For example, when breeding swine for meat, the "breeding stock should be sound, fast growing, muscular, lean, and reproductively efficient."[1] The "subjective selection of breeding stock" in horses has led to many horse breeds with particular performance traits.[2] While breeding animals is common in an agricultural setting, it is also a common practice for the purpose of selling animals meant as pets, such as cats, dogs, horses, and birds, as well as less common animals, such as reptiles or some primates.
Mating animals of the same breed for maintaining such breed is referred to as purebred breeding. Opposite to the practice of mating animals of different breeds, purebred breeding aims to establish and maintain stable traits, that animals will pass to the next generation. By "breeding the best to the best", employing a certain degree of inbreeding, considerable culling, and selection for "superior" qualities, one could develop a bloodline or "breed" superior in certain respects to the original base stock.
Such animals can be recorded with a breed registry, the organisation that maintains pedigrees and/or stud books. The observable phenomenon of hybrid vigor stands in contrast to the notion of breed purity.
For laboratory purposes, organisms such as mice have been inbred to 100% pure lines, as offered for sale by the Jackson laboratory. But this is highly unusual and difficult to do for most organisms, in whose populations all individuals harbor recessive, deleterious gene variants (alleles).
Backyard breedingedit
In the United States, a backyard breeder is someone who breeds animals, often without registration and with a focus on profit. In some cases, the animals are inbred narrowly for looks, with little regard to health.[3] The term is considered derogatory. If a backyard dog breeder has a significant number of breeding animals, they become associated with puppy mills. Most puppy mills are licensed with the USDA.[4]
Kempthorne, O (1957), Introduction to Statistic Genetics, John Wiley & Sons
Van Vleck; L. D.; Searle; S. R. (1979), Variance components and animal breeding: proceedings of a conference in honor of C.R. Henderson, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University
Henderson, CR (1984), Applications of linear models in animal breeding, Guelph, Ont: University of Guelph, ISBN0-88955-030-1
Hammond K. Gianola, D. (1990), Advances in Statistical Methods for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences), Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K, ISBN3-540-50809-0
Massey, JW; Vogt, DW (1993), , Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, archived from the original on 2009-04-12, retrieved 2008-09-13
Mrode, R. A. (1996), Linear models for the prediction of animal breeding values, Oxon: CAB International, ISBN0-85198-996-9
Cameron, N. D. (1997), Selection indices and prediction of genetic merit in animal breeding, Oxon: CAB International, ISBN0-85199-169-6
, Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics (1986), ISSN 0931-2668, archived from the original on 2008-12-12, retrieved 2008-09-06
Organizationsedit
Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Australia
Roslin Institute, Scotland
, USA, archived from the original on 2008-09-20
, USA, archived from the original on 2008-10-12, retrieved 2008-09-06
, Australia, archived from the original on 2008-07-19
INRA, Institut National de la Recherché Agronomique, France
, Spain, archived from the original on 2013-08-12
February 16, 2024
animal, breeding, this, article, about, breeding, animals, humans, breeding, animals, wild, breeding, wild, other, uses, disambiguation, branch, animal, science, that, addresses, evaluation, using, best, linear, unbiased, prediction, other, methods, genetic, v. This article is about breeding of animals by humans For breeding of animals in the wild see Breeding in the wild For other uses see Animal breeding disambiguation Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation using best linear unbiased prediction and other methods of the genetic value estimated breeding value EBV of livestock Selecting for breeding animals with superior EBV in growth rate egg meat milk or wool production or with other desirable traits has revolutionized livestock production throughout the entire world The scientific theory of animal breeding incorporates population genetics quantitative genetics statistics and recently molecular genetics and is based on the pioneering work of Sewall Wright Jay Lush and Charles Henderson Contents 1 Breeding stock 2 Purebred breeding 3 Backyard breeding 4 See also 4 1 Plant and animal breeding 4 2 People 4 3 Other topics 5 Further reading 6 References 7 External links 7 1 Academic centers 7 2 Journals 7 3 OrganizationsBreeding stock editBreeding stock is a group of animals used for the purpose of planned breeding When individuals are looking to breed animals they look for certain valuable traits in purebred animals or may intend to use some type of crossbreeding to produce a new type of stock with different and presumably superior abilities in a given area of endeavor For example when breeding swine for meat the breeding stock should be sound fast growing muscular lean and reproductively efficient 1 The subjective selection of breeding stock in horses has led to many horse breeds with particular performance traits 2 While breeding animals is common in an agricultural setting it is also a common practice for the purpose of selling animals meant as pets such as cats dogs horses and birds as well as less common animals such as reptiles or some primates Purebred breeding editSee also Purebred Mating animals of the same breed for maintaining such breed is referred to as purebred breeding Opposite to the practice of mating animals of different breeds purebred breeding aims to establish and maintain stable traits that animals will pass to the next generation By breeding the best to the best employing a certain degree of inbreeding considerable culling and selection for superior qualities one could develop a bloodline or breed superior in certain respects to the original base stock Such animals can be recorded with a breed registry the organisation that maintains pedigrees and or stud books The observable phenomenon of hybrid vigor stands in contrast to the notion of breed purity For laboratory purposes organisms such as mice have been inbred to 100 pure lines as offered for sale by the Jackson laboratory But this is highly unusual and difficult to do for most organisms in whose populations all individuals harbor recessive deleterious gene variants alleles Backyard breeding editIn the United States a backyard breeder is someone who breeds animals often without registration and with a focus on profit In some cases the animals are inbred narrowly for looks with little regard to health 3 The term is considered derogatory If a backyard dog breeder has a significant number of breeding animals they become associated with puppy mills Most puppy mills are licensed with the USDA 4 See also editAnimal husbandryPlant and animal breeding edit Artificial insemination of livestock and pets Artificial selection Agricultural science Backyard breeder Genomics of domestication Plant breeding Progeny testing Selective breedingPeople edit Robert Bakewell Arthur B Chapman James Hutton Thomas LeckyOther topics edit BLUPF90 and ASReml software packages for animal breeding statistics Veterinary medicine Veterinary surgeon VeterinarianFurther reading edit nbsp The seven biggest breeders 5 6 Lush JL 1937 Animal Breeding Plans Ames Iowa Iowa State Press Kempthorne O 1957 Introduction to Statistic Genetics John Wiley amp Sons Van Vleck L D Searle S R 1979 Variance components and animal breeding proceedings of a conference in honor of C R Henderson Ithaca N Y Cornell University Henderson CR 1984 Applications of linear models in animal breeding Guelph Ont University of Guelph ISBN 0 88955 030 1 Hammond K Gianola D 1990 Advances in Statistical Methods for Genetic Improvement of Livestock Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences Springer Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH amp Co K ISBN 3 540 50809 0 Massey JW Vogt DW 1993 Heritability and Its Use in Animal Breeding Department of Animal Sciences University of Missouri archived from the original on 2009 04 12 retrieved 2008 09 13 Mrode R A 1996 Linear models for the prediction of animal breeding values Oxon CAB International ISBN 0 85198 996 9 Cameron N D 1997 Selection indices and prediction of genetic merit in animal breeding Oxon CAB International ISBN 0 85199 169 6 Dalton C Willis MB 1998 Dalton s Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding Oxford Blackwell Science ISBN 0 632 04947 2 Bourdon RM 2000 Understanding animal breeding Englewood Cliffs N J Prentice Hall ISBN 0 13 096449 2 Newman S Rothschild MF 2002 Intellectual Property Rights in Animal Breeding and Genetics Wallingford Oxon UK CABI Pub ISBN 0 85199 641 8 FAO 2007 The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources and the Interlaken Declaration Rome FAO 2010 Breeding strategies for sustainable management of animal genetic resources FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines No 3 Rome FAO 2015 The Second Report on the State of the World s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Rome References edit Selection of Swine Breeding Stock PDF Oklahoma State University No 258 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 09 29 Retrieved 2011 09 01 James Warren Evans 1992 Horse breeding and management Elsevier Health Science ISBN 978 0 444 88282 0 The Obama family dog saga LA Times Rescue groups paint a sad story of Iowa s puppy mills The Messenger dead link Meat Atlas 2014 Facts and figures about the animals we eat page 24 download Meat Atlas ETC Group Putting the Cartel before the Horse and Farm Seeds Soil Peasants etc page 17 chapter Livestock Genetic September 2013External links editDomestic Animal Diversity Information System Guidelines For Uniform Swine Improvement Programs National Swine Improvement Federation 2003 archived from the original on 2008 10 21 Implementing the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources bataille de la sommeAcademic centers edit Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre Wageningen University Netherlands 23 March 2022 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Animal Breeding and Genetics Group University of Georgia USA Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock University of Guelph Canada Animal Breeding amp Genetics Cornell University USA 12 September 2023 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Animal Breeding amp Genetics Iowa State University USA archived from the original on 2009 03 04 retrieved 2008 09 06 Breeding and Genetics Program Colorado State University USA archived from the original on 2008 10 12 Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit University of New England Australia European Graduate School in Animal Breeding and Genetics EGS ABG AgroParisTech France Wageningen University Netherlands Aarhus University Denmark Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SwedenJournals edit Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 1986 ISSN 0931 2668 archived from the original on 2008 12 12 retrieved 2008 09 06Organizations edit Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics Australia Roslin Institute Scotland Animal Breeding Genetics amp Genomics Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service USA archived from the original on 2008 09 20 Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Beltsville Agricultural Research Center USA archived from the original on 2008 10 12 retrieved 2008 09 06 Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit Australia archived from the original on 2008 07 19 INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique France INIA Instituto Nacional Investigacion Agraria Spain archived from the original on 2013 08 12 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Animal breeding amp oldid 1194631977, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
