André Furtado de Mendonça (1558 – 1 April 1611) was a captain and governor of Portuguese India, and a military commander during Portuguese expansion into Ceylon, India, Indonesia and Malacca.
He was a son of Afonso Furtado Mendoça, commander of Beja and Rio Maior and D. Joana Sousa. André Furtado was curious to develop combat knowledge and he started to study combat, meteorology and oceanography and cartography when he was 18 years old. He joined the military and became a successful captain at the age of 25. He served some of the Portuguese colonial countries in the Indian Ocean for the Portuguese Empire.
André Furtado de Mendonça led the forces of a company of 1,400 Portuguese and 3,000 lascarins against King Puviraja Pandaram as the second expedition in Mannar and gained victory, and continued his campaign to the heartland of the Jaffna kingdom.[3] Captain André Furtado killed king Puvirasa Pandaram in 1591.[3][4][5][6] After the death of Puvirasa Pandaram, his son Ethirimana Cinkam was installed as the ruler by André Furtado. It created Portuguese overlordship in the region including freedom to Catholic Christian missions. Earlier, Christian missionaries were not allowed during the rule of Puvirasa Pandaram. Gradually, the incumbent king resisted Portuguese overlordship until he was ousted and hanged by Filipe de Oliveira in 1619.[7]: 166
Between 1601 and 1603, Furtado de Mendonça served as captain-general of the Southern Sea, and succeeded in expelling the Dutch from Ambon and Tidore, where the Portuguese held fortresses, and secured Portuguese holdings in the region against hostile native lords.
In April 1606, Portuguese forces under the captainship of André Furtado were besieged in Malacca by a Dutch fleet under the command of Cornelis Matelief de Jonge. Portuguese forces were no match to Dutch due to disproportional size of men and vessels. However, they managed to resist the besiegers until August 1606 and received support from Viceroy Martim Afonso de Castro.[9]
Portuguese Indiaedit
André Furtado engaged with several battles in India, including fierce battle with Kunhali Marakkar. His forces bombarded Marakkar fort from the sea while allies Samoodiri attacked it from the land in 1600. Kunjali Marakkar surrendered to Samoothiri as he lost the battle.[10] Finally, the Portuguese seized the Kunjali, against the terms of the surrender, during a tumult caused by an enemy attack. Then Furtado ordered the fort and the town razed, the Kunjali executed, quartered, and his body displayed on a pike.[11]
After the death of viceroy D. João Pereira Forjaz in 1609, André Furtado became the governor of Portuguese India for only three months until the arrival of new viceroy Rui Lourenço Tavora.[12]: 187 [13]
Deathedit
He died due to illness in April 1611 and buried at the church of Covenant of Grace (Portuguese: Convento da Graça) in Lisbon.[14]
^Danvers, Frederick Charles (1894). The Portuguese in India: Being a History of the Rise and Decline of Their Eastern Empire. Vol. 2. London: W. H. Allen & Co. Appendix B, p. 487 – via Archive.org.
^Stephens, Henry Morse (1892). Albuquerque. Rulers of India, vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 13 – via Archive.org.
^ ab"The Karava Singhe Dynasty of Jaffna". Karava of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
^Abeysinghe, Tikiri (1986). (PDF). Colombo: Lake House. pp. 2, 3. ISBN955-552-000-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2014.
^Martyn, John H. (2003). Notes on Jaffna: Chronological, Historical, Biographical. Chennai: Asian Educational Services. pp. 2, 138.
^Rajasingham, K. T. (3 July 2005). . Asian Tribune. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
^de Silva, K. M. (1981). A History of Sri Lanka. London: C. Hurst & Company. ISBN0-905838-50-5 – via Archive.org.
^André Furtado de Mendonça - Portugal, Dicionário Histórico
^Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century. Vol. 2: F-O. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 620. ISBN978-0-313-33538-9.
andré, furtado, mendonça, 1558, april, 1611, captain, governor, portuguese, india, military, commander, during, portuguese, expansion, into, ceylon, india, indonesia, malacca, governor, portuguese, indiain, office, 1609, 1609, 1610monarchphilip, portugalpreced. Andre Furtado de Mendonca 1558 1 April 1611 was a captain and governor of Portuguese India and a military commander during Portuguese expansion into Ceylon India Indonesia and Malacca Andre Furtado de MendoncaGovernor of Portuguese IndiaIn office 1609 1 2 1609 or 1610MonarchPhilip II of PortugalPreceded byAleixo de MenezesSucceeded byRui Lourenco de TavoraPersonal detailsBorn1558Lisbon Kingdom of PortugalDied1611 aged 52 53 Kingdom of PortugalMilitary serviceAllegiancePortuguese EmpireBattles warsSiege of Malacca 1606 Battle of BantamBattle of Flores Contents 1 Biography 2 Portuguese Ceylon 3 Portuguese India 4 Portuguese Ambon and the Moluccas 5 Portuguese Malacca 6 Portuguese India 7 Death 8 See also 9 ReferencesBiography editHe was a son of Afonso Furtado Mendoca commander of Beja and Rio Maior and D Joana Sousa Andre Furtado was curious to develop combat knowledge and he started to study combat meteorology and oceanography and cartography when he was 18 years old He joined the military and became a successful captain at the age of 25 He served some of the Portuguese colonial countries in the Indian Ocean for the Portuguese Empire Portuguese Ceylon editMain article Portuguese invasion of Jaffna kingdom 1591 Andre Furtado de Mendonca led the forces of a company of 1 400 Portuguese and 3 000 lascarins against King Puviraja Pandaram as the second expedition in Mannar and gained victory and continued his campaign to the heartland of the Jaffna kingdom 3 Captain Andre Furtado killed king Puvirasa Pandaram in 1591 3 4 5 6 After the death of Puvirasa Pandaram his son Ethirimana Cinkam was installed as the ruler by Andre Furtado It created Portuguese overlordship in the region including freedom to Catholic Christian missions Earlier Christian missionaries were not allowed during the rule of Puvirasa Pandaram Gradually the incumbent king resisted Portuguese overlordship until he was ousted and hanged by Filipe de Oliveira in 1619 7 166 Portuguese India editIn 1598 he destroyed a fleet of Kunjali Marakkar naval captain of Zamorin of Calicut and in 1600 Mendonca attacked and captured his fortress 8 Portuguese Ambon and the Moluccas editBetween 1601 and 1603 Furtado de Mendonca served as captain general of the Southern Sea and succeeded in expelling the Dutch from Ambon and Tidore where the Portuguese held fortresses and secured Portuguese holdings in the region against hostile native lords Portuguese Malacca editMain article Siege of Malacca 1606 In April 1606 Portuguese forces under the captainship of Andre Furtado were besieged in Malacca by a Dutch fleet under the command of Cornelis Matelief de Jonge Portuguese forces were no match to Dutch due to disproportional size of men and vessels However they managed to resist the besiegers until August 1606 and received support from Viceroy Martim Afonso de Castro 9 Portuguese India editAndre Furtado engaged with several battles in India including fierce battle with Kunhali Marakkar His forces bombarded Marakkar fort from the sea while allies Samoodiri attacked it from the land in 1600 Kunjali Marakkar surrendered to Samoothiri as he lost the battle 10 Finally the Portuguese seized the Kunjali against the terms of the surrender during a tumult caused by an enemy attack Then Furtado ordered the fort and the town razed the Kunjali executed quartered and his body displayed on a pike 11 After the death of viceroy D Joao Pereira Forjaz in 1609 Andre Furtado became the governor of Portuguese India for only three months until the arrival of new viceroy Rui Lourenco Tavora 12 187 13 Death editHe died due to illness in April 1611 and buried at the church of Covenant of Grace Portuguese Convento da Graca in Lisbon 14 See also editMadre de Deus Battle of Cape RachadoReferences edit Danvers Frederick Charles 1894 The Portuguese in India Being a History of the Rise and Decline of Their Eastern Empire Vol 2 London W H Allen amp Co Appendix B p 487 via Archive org Stephens Henry Morse 1892 Albuquerque Rulers of India vol 4 Oxford Clarendon Press p 13 via Archive org a b The Karava Singhe Dynasty of Jaffna Karava of Sri Lanka Retrieved 13 April 2014 Abeysinghe Tikiri 1986 Jaffna under the Portuguese PDF Colombo Lake House pp 2 3 ISBN 955 552 000 3 Archived from the original PDF on 14 April 2014 Martyn John H 2003 Notes on Jaffna Chronological Historical Biographical Chennai Asian Educational Services pp 2 138 Rajasingham K T 3 July 2005 Portuguese Religious Conversion and Ending Tamils Sovereignty Asian Tribune Archived from the original on 14 April 2014 Retrieved 13 April 2014 de Silva K M 1981 A History of Sri Lanka London C Hurst amp Company ISBN 0 905838 50 5 via Archive org Andre Furtado de Mendonca Portugal Dicionario Historico Jaques Tony 2007 Dictionary of Battles and Sieges A Guide to 8 500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty first Century Vol 2 F O Westport Connecticut Greenwood Press p 620 ISBN 978 0 313 33538 9 T ien Hsia Monthly T ien Hsia Monthly Vol 9 1939 Murkot Ramunny 1993 Ezhimala The Abode of the Naval Academy New Delhi Northern Book Centre p 43 ISBN 81 7211 052 9 Faria e Sousa Manuel de 1695 Asia portuguesa in Spanish Vol 3 Lisboa en la officina de Antonio Craesbeeck demello Furtado de Mendonca Portugal Dicionario Historico in Portuguese Retrieved 13 April 2014 Andre Furtado de Mendonca 37º Gov or da India 1558 1611 Geni Retrieved 7 May 2014 Government officesPreceded byAleixo de Menezes Governor of Portuguese India1609 Succeeded byRui Lourenco de Tavora Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Andre Furtado de Mendonca amp oldid 1155656894, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
