Ancon (archaeological site) is located in the north of the Bay of Ancon, in the Ancón District, on the central coast of Peru. It is one of the most important centers of the Peruvian archeology and features a vast necropolis of the pre-Hispanic era, with countless funerary sites. Permanent occupation in Ancon is documented throughout all periods of Andean history. The oldest evidence of human occupation dates back 10,000 years ago to the preceramic period.
The beach resort area of Ancon is located 42 km north of Lima. Historically, it is known as the place where the peace treaty between Peru and Chile (Treaty of Ancón) was signed in 1883.
The archaeological site extends north of the Bay of Ancon and west of the Pan-American Highway.
Ancon is one of the few archaeological sites in the Andean region that boasts an ongoing cultural occupation throughout all periods of history, from the Andean Lithic Period (8000 BC) to the Late Horizon ending with the period of the Incas (1500 AD).[1] The colonial and republican history of Peru is also attested.
Studies
Rectangular tapestry panel with stylized humans, Peru, Central Coast Wari at Ancon, c. 1000-1470 AD, cotton, alpaca wool - Krannert Art Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
In 1870, during the construction of the railroad from Ancon to Pasamayo, the first large ancient tombs were discovered here.
In 1875, German scholars Wilhelm Reiss and Alphons Stubel visited in the area, and made several excavations in and around the area of the necropolis. As a result, a three-volume study with good lithographs and drawings were published in Berlin in 1880-1887.[2] The joint work of Reiss and Stubel is considered by some as the precursor of scientific archeology in Peru, although not yet applied stratigraphic methods.
Further research was conducted by Max Uhle (1904) who was the first to record the large shell midden of Las Colinas.
Other archaeologists working on this site include Paul Berthon (1907), and Aleš Hrdlička (1913).
In 1941, Gordon Willey and Marshall T. Newman conducted additional research, including in the area of Las Colinas.
Given the announced development of the area of Miramar, a series of rescue investigations by Julio C. Tello were conducted between 1945 and 1950. Within the framework of this project, an area of 2000m by 200m was investigated, which revealed 1,570 tombs with 14,055 excavated objects. This work was published by Rebeca Carrion Cachot [es] (1951).
Synthesizing the knowledge acquired up to then, Carrion noted the following:
“In Ancon, there are remnants of three distinct periods: (1) a very old period represented by elements of Chavin and sub-Chavin cultures; these are found in the hills of Cerro San Pedro, in the southern part of the bay; (2) an intermediate period represented by elements of the Wari Culture, with local Ancon variations: and (3) the recent period represented by elements of the Chancay and Inca cultures.”
In 1959, Jorge C. Muelle, based on his excavations in Las Colinas area, located a preceramic layer below the Chavin remains, thus moving back the prehistory of Ancon several thousand years.
The archaeologist Federico Kauffmann Doig also worked in the area of Miramar. Also, Peter Kaulicke published a 1997 work on Ancon funerary contexts.
Description
From the archaeological point of view we can distinguish the following areas:
Ancon I ('Las Colinas' and 'El Tanque'): ancient middens and refuse areas
Three walls in the western area that Uhle named "Fortaleza".
Ancon II or Necropolis, also known as 'Miramar'.
The Air Base
Cerro Pasamayo
A series of lithic period camps in the plains/pampas of Ancon and Piedras Gordas.
Preceramic Ancon
The archaeological evidence indicates human presence at Ancon from the lithic period onwards, i.e., from about 10,000 years ago at the pampas of Ancon and Piedras Gordas. Bifacial projectile points of Paijan type were found – the type also present elsewhere along the Peruvian coast.
In the Archaic period, sedentary fishermen and collectors of seafood and shellfish lived in the Bay of Ancon; this is evidenced by the presence of large middens, specifically in the area of Las Colinas.
The arid soil explains the specialization of these peoples in the use of marine resources; nevertheless, they obtained additional resources through the exchange with the agricultural groups further inland.
Site Museum
Opened in 1993, the Ancon Site Museum houses more than 2,500 pieces excavated in the archaeological area, including pottery, textiles and mummies.
Notes
^Archaeology in Ancon 2014-08-26 at the Wayback Machine - Ancon Museum
^English Translation: The Necropolis of Ancon in Peru: A Contribution to Our Knowledge of the Culture and Industries of the Empire of the Incas, 3 vols, 1880-1887 : vol. 1, vol. 2, vol. 3
References
Translated from Spanish Wikipedia
Bibliography
(English)
Harner, Sandra D. (1979) An Early Intermediate Period textile sequence from Ancon, Peru. in: The Junius B. Bird pre-Columbian Textile Conference, May 19 and 20, 1973 / Ann Pollard Rowe, Elizabeth P. Benson, Anne-Louise Schaffer, eds. -- Washington, D.C.: Textile Museum: Dumbarton Oaks. Trustees for Harvard University, p. 151-163 Washington D.C.: Library of Congress
Lanning, Edward Putnam (1967) Preceramic archaeology of the Ancon-Chillón Region, Central Coast of Peru. [S.l.: s.n.], 1967
Lanning, Edward Putnam, A pre-agricultural occupation on the central coast of Peru. in: American Antiquity - Vol. 28, no. 3 (January 1963), p. 360 – 371
Patterson, T. C., Moseley, Michael E (1969) Late Preceramic and Early Ceramic Cultures of the Central Coast of Peru, (PDF) Ñawpa Pacha, 6:115-133.
Young-Sánchez, Margaret (2000) Textiles from Peru's central Coast 750-110: the Reiss and Stübel collection from Ancón. New York, 2000 Ph.D. Thesis - Columbia University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
(Spanish)
Fernandini Parodí, Francesca G.: «Contextos funerarios del Horizonte Medio en la Necrópolis de Ancón». Revista Electrónica de Arqueología PUCP,Vol. 1 - Nro. 5 - Noviembre 2006.
Segura, Rafael: «Los contextos funerarios de fines del Horizonte Medio en la Necrópolis de Ancón». BOLETIN DE ARQUEOLOGIA PUCP, VOL. 1, 1997, 241-251.
ancon, archaeological, site, located, north, ancon, ancón, district, central, coast, peru, most, important, centers, peruvian, archeology, features, vast, necropolis, hispanic, with, countless, funerary, sites, permanent, occupation, ancon, documented, through. Ancon archaeological site is located in the north of the Bay of Ancon in the Ancon District on the central coast of Peru It is one of the most important centers of the Peruvian archeology and features a vast necropolis of the pre Hispanic era with countless funerary sites Permanent occupation in Ancon is documented throughout all periods of Andean history The oldest evidence of human occupation dates back 10 000 years ago to the preceramic period Entrance of the Ancon Site Museum Contents 1 Location 2 Timeline 3 Studies 4 Description 5 Preceramic Ancon 6 Site Museum 7 Notes 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 External linksLocation EditThe beach resort area of Ancon is located 42 km north of Lima Historically it is known as the place where the peace treaty between Peru and Chile Treaty of Ancon was signed in 1883 The archaeological site extends north of the Bay of Ancon and west of the Pan American Highway El Paraiso Peru is another important site in the area Timeline EditAncon is one of the few archaeological sites in the Andean region that boasts an ongoing cultural occupation throughout all periods of history from the Andean Lithic Period 8000 BC to the Late Horizon ending with the period of the Incas 1500 AD 1 The colonial and republican history of Peru is also attested Studies Edit Rectangular tapestry panel with stylized humans Peru Central Coast Wari at Ancon c 1000 1470 AD cotton alpaca wool Krannert Art Museum University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana Champaign Illinois USA Hjalmar Stolpe in Ancon Peru 1884 during the Vanadis expedition In 1870 during the construction of the railroad from Ancon to Pasamayo the first large ancient tombs were discovered here In 1875 German scholars Wilhelm Reiss and Alphons Stubel visited in the area and made several excavations in and around the area of the necropolis As a result a three volume study with good lithographs and drawings were published in Berlin in 1880 1887 2 The joint work of Reiss and Stubel is considered by some as the precursor of scientific archeology in Peru although not yet applied stratigraphic methods Further research was conducted by Max Uhle 1904 who was the first to record the large shell midden of Las Colinas Other archaeologists working on this site include Paul Berthon 1907 and Ales Hrdlicka 1913 In 1941 Gordon Willey and Marshall T Newman conducted additional research including in the area of Las Colinas Given the announced development of the area of Miramar a series of rescue investigations by Julio C Tello were conducted between 1945 and 1950 Within the framework of this project an area of 2000m by 200m was investigated which revealed 1 570 tombs with 14 055 excavated objects This work was published by Rebeca Carrion Cachot es 1951 Synthesizing the knowledge acquired up to then Carrion noted the following In Ancon there are remnants of three distinct periods 1 a very old period represented by elements of Chavin and sub Chavin cultures these are found in the hills of Cerro San Pedro in the southern part of the bay 2 an intermediate period represented by elements of the Wari Culture with local Ancon variations and 3 the recent period represented by elements of the Chancay and Inca cultures In 1959 Jorge C Muelle based on his excavations in Las Colinas area located a preceramic layer below the Chavin remains thus moving back the prehistory of Ancon several thousand years The archaeologist Federico Kauffmann Doig also worked in the area of Miramar Also Peter Kaulicke published a 1997 work on Ancon funerary contexts Description EditFrom the archaeological point of view we can distinguish the following areas Ancon I Las Colinas and El Tanque ancient middens and refuse areas Three walls in the western area that Uhle named Fortaleza Ancon II or Necropolis also known as Miramar The Air Base Cerro Pasamayo A series of lithic period camps in the plains pampas of Ancon and Piedras Gordas Preceramic Ancon EditThe archaeological evidence indicates human presence at Ancon from the lithic period onwards i e from about 10 000 years ago at the pampas of Ancon and Piedras Gordas Bifacial projectile points of Paijan type were found the type also present elsewhere along the Peruvian coast In the Archaic period sedentary fishermen and collectors of seafood and shellfish lived in the Bay of Ancon this is evidenced by the presence of large middens specifically in the area of Las Colinas The arid soil explains the specialization of these peoples in the use of marine resources nevertheless they obtained additional resources through the exchange with the agricultural groups further inland Site Museum EditOpened in 1993 the Ancon Site Museum houses more than 2 500 pieces excavated in the archaeological area including pottery textiles and mummies Notes Edit Archaeology in Ancon Archived 2014 08 26 at the Wayback Machine Ancon Museum English Translation The Necropolis of Ancon in Peru A Contribution to Our Knowledge of the Culture and Industries of the Empire of the Incas 3 vols 1880 1887 vol 1 vol 2 vol 3References EditTranslated from Spanish WikipediaBibliography Edit English Harner Sandra D 1979 An Early Intermediate Period textile sequence from Ancon Peru in The Junius B Bird pre Columbian Textile Conference May 19 and 20 1973 Ann Pollard Rowe Elizabeth P Benson Anne Louise Schaffer eds Washington D C Textile Museum Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University p 151 163 Washington D C Library of Congress Lanning Edward Putnam 1967 Preceramic archaeology of the Ancon Chillon Region Central Coast of Peru S l s n 1967 Lanning Edward Putnam A pre agricultural occupation on the central coast of Peru in American Antiquity Vol 28 no 3 January 1963 p 360 371 Patterson T C Moseley Michael E 1969 Late Preceramic and Early Ceramic Cultures of the Central Coast of Peru PDF Nawpa Pacha 6 115 133 Slovak Nicole M Paytan Adina Wiegand Bettina A 2009 Reconstructing Middle Horizon mobility patterns on the coast of Peru through strontium isotope analysis PDF Journal of Archaeological Science Young Sanchez Margaret 2000 Textiles from Peru s central Coast 750 110 the Reiss and Stubel collection from Ancon New York 2000 Ph D Thesis Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Spanish Fernandini Parodi Francesca G Contextos funerarios del Horizonte Medio en la Necropolis de Ancon Revista Electronica de Arqueologia PUCP Vol 1 Nro 5 Noviembre 2006 Segura Rafael Los contextos funerarios de fines del Horizonte Medio en la Necropolis de Ancon BOLETIN DE ARQUEOLOGIA PUCP VOL 1 1997 241 251 Kauffmann Doig Federico Historia y arte del Peru antiguo Tomo 1 Lima Ediciones PEISA 2002 ISBN 9972 40 213 4 Makowski Krzysztof es Primeras civilizaciones Enciclopedia Tematica del Peru Tomo 2 Lima Empresa Editora El Comercio S A 2004 ISBN 9972 217 17 5 Tauro del Pino Alberto es Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Peru Tercera Edicion Tomo 1 AAA ANG Lima PEISA 2001 ISBN 9972 40 150 2External links EditAncon Museum English Coordinates 11 46 07 S 77 09 59 W 11 7685 S 77 1664 W 11 7685 77 1664 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ancon archaeological site amp oldid 1074067708, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
