Coin minted under Khosrow II (r. 590–628), with the portrait of Anahita.
The temple was probably founded by the Achaemenidking of kingsArtaxerxes II (r. 404 – 358 BC), who had shrines and statues of her constructed throughout his realm.[1] The temple was ransacked by the Macedonians during Alexander the Great's conquests.[2] At the start of the 3rd century AD, the temple was repaired and adorned by the PersianSasanian family, who acted as the hereditary caretakers of the temple; Sasan, the eponymous ancestor of the family, is the first attested member to serve as the warden of the temple.[3] The guardianship of the temple was of high importance to the Sasanians.[2]
Ardashir I (r. 224–242), who overthrew the Parthian Empire and established the Sasanian control over the country, reportedly sent the heads of his enemies in his early campaigns to the temple, which was later repeated by Shapur II (r. 309–379), who had the heads of Christians stringed there in 340.[2] Under Bahram II, the crown lost much of its religious authority, with the Zoroastrian priest Kartir receiving the guardianship of the Anahid temple.[4][5]Narseh, who overthrew Bahram II's son and successor Bahram III in 293, may have restored the temple to their family.[6] By Shapur II's reign, however, the Sasanian hold over the temple was certainly restored.[7]
The last Sasanian emperor of Iran, Yazdegerd III, was crowned in the Anahid temple in 632.[8][2]
Kia, Mehrdad (2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-1610693912.
Sauer, Eberhard (2017). Sasanian Persia: Between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia. London and New York: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–336. ISBN9781474401029.
Wiesehöfer, Joseph (1986). "Ardašīr I i. History". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4. pp. 371–376.
Further readingedit
Shavarebi, Ehsan; Bavandpour, Sajad Amiri (2020). "A Note on the Temple of Anāhīd-Ardašīr at Estakhr and the Martyrdom of Abbot Baršebyā" (PDF). Dabir (7). University of California, Irvine: Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture.
April 11, 2024
temple, anahita, istakhr, anahid, temple, kermanshah, province, temple, anahita, kangavar, other, places, with, similar, names, temple, anahita, temple, anahita, middle, persian, Ādur, anāhīd, ancient, fire, temple, istakhr, dedicated, worship, iranian, goddes. For the Anahid temple in Kermanshah Province see Temple of Anahita Kangavar For other places with similar names see Temple of Anahita The Temple of Anahita Middle Persian Adur Anahid was an ancient fire temple in Istakhr dedicated to the worship of the Iranian goddess Anahid Contents 1 History 2 References 3 Sources 4 Further readingHistory edit nbsp Coin minted under Khosrow II r 590 628 with the portrait of Anahita The temple was probably founded by the Achaemenid king of kings Artaxerxes II r 404 358 BC who had shrines and statues of her constructed throughout his realm 1 The temple was ransacked by the Macedonians during Alexander the Great s conquests 2 At the start of the 3rd century AD the temple was repaired and adorned by the Persian Sasanian family who acted as the hereditary caretakers of the temple Sasan the eponymous ancestor of the family is the first attested member to serve as the warden of the temple 3 The guardianship of the temple was of high importance to the Sasanians 2 Ardashir I r 224 242 who overthrew the Parthian Empire and established the Sasanian control over the country reportedly sent the heads of his enemies in his early campaigns to the temple which was later repeated by Shapur II r 309 379 who had the heads of Christians stringed there in 340 2 Under Bahram II the crown lost much of its religious authority with the Zoroastrian priest Kartir receiving the guardianship of the Anahid temple 4 5 Narseh who overthrew Bahram II s son and successor Bahram III in 293 may have restored the temple to their family 6 By Shapur II s reign however the Sasanian hold over the temple was certainly restored 7 The last Sasanian emperor of Iran Yazdegerd III was crowned in the Anahid temple in 632 8 2 References edit Boyce Chaumont amp Bier 1989 pp 1003 1011 a b c d Boyce 1998 pp 643 646 Streck amp Miles 2012 Canepa 2018 Boyce 1998 pp 643 646 Boyce Chaumont amp Bier 1989 pp 1003 1011 Shahbazi 1988 pp 514 522 Daryaee 2012 p 11 Daryaee 2012 p 13 Sauer 2017 p 91 Frye 1983 p 171 Sources editBivar A D H 1998 Eṣṭaḵr i History and Archaeology Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol VIII Fasc 6 pp 643 646 Boyce M Chaumont M L Bier C 1989 Anahid Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol I Fasc 9 pp 1003 1011 Boyce Mary 1998 Eṣṭaḵr ii As a Zoroastrian Religious Center Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol VIII Fasc 6 pp 643 646 Canepa Matthew 2018 Staxr Istakhr and Marv Dasht Plain In Nicholson Oliver ed The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 866277 8 Daryaee Touraj 2012 The Sasanian Empire 224 651 In Daryaee Touraj ed The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0199732159 Frye R N 1983 Chapter 4 The political history of Iran under the Sasanians The Cambridge History of Iran vol 3 Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 20092 9 Kia Mehrdad 2016 The Persian Empire A Historical Encyclopedia 2 volumes ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1610693912 Sauer Eberhard 2017 Sasanian Persia Between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia London and New York Edinburgh University Press pp 1 336 ISBN 9781474401029 Shahbazi A Shapur 2009 Persepolis Encyclopaedia Iranica Shahbazi A Shapur 1988 Bahram II Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol III Fasc 5 pp 514 522 Streck M Miles G C 2012 Iṣṭak h r In P Bearman Th Bianquis C E Bosworth E van Donzel W P Heinrichs eds The Encyclopedia of Islam Second Edition Brill Online doi 10 1163 1573 3912 islam SIM 3672 Wiesehofer Joseph 1986 Ardasir I i History Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol II Fasc 4 pp 371 376 Further reading editShavarebi Ehsan Bavandpour Sajad Amiri 2020 A Note on the Temple of Anahid Ardasir at Estakhr and the Martyrdom of Abbot Barsebya PDF Dabir 7 University of California Irvine Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Temple of Anahita Istakhr amp oldid 1073032255, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
