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Amphibious ready group

January 01, 1970

An amphibious ready group (ARG) of the United States Navy consists of a naval element—a group of warships known as an Amphibious Task Force (ATF)—and a landing force (LF) of U.S. Marines (and occasionally U.S. Army soldiers), in total about 5,000 people. Together, these elements and supporting units are trained, organized, and equipped to perform amphibious operations.[1]

An Amphibious Ready Group in the Pacific Ocean.
Pictured left-to-right, USS Germantown (LSD-42), Essex (LHD-2), Juneau (LPD-10), and Fort McHenry (LSD-43) in March 2002.

Composition edit

A typical U.S. Amphibious Readiness Group consists of:

Ships
Troops and equipment
Aircraft
  • AV-8B Harrier IIs or F-35B Lightning IIs: ground-attack aircraft designed to attack and destroy surface targets. F-35Bs also have the secondary role of fighter support.
  • MV-22B Ospreys or CH-53E Super Stallions transport personnel, supplies and equipment in support of amphibious and shore operations.
  • AH-1Z Vipers: attack helicopters providing fire support and fire support coordination to the landing force during amphibious assaults and subsequent operations ashore.
  • UH-1Y Venom: Provides command and control during heliborne operations as well a light attack and assault capabilities.
  • USMC MV-22B squadrons are designated as Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadrons (VMM), and CH-53E squadrons as Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadrons (HMH). When assigned to a MEU, the detachments of the various other squadrons are combined with either the MV-22 or CH-53 squadron to create a reinforced, composite squadron. The reinforced squadron is designated as VMM-XXX(REIN) for MV-22s or HMH-XXX(REIN) for CH-53s, where the Xs are the squadron's number. As such, the various aircraft will don the tail codes and markers of the VMM or HMH squadron, though will usually keep their own squadron tail art.

The resulting forces may range from a single Amphibious Ready Group/Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) [ARG/MEU (SOC)], to a larger organization capable of employing a Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) or even a Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF).

Amphibious forces must be capable of performing missions ranging from humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to major theater war (MTW). Additionally, they can be configured and deployed to operate at various levels of conflict and in multiple theaters simultaneously. They can provide a presence that may preclude adventurous actions by a potential belligerent.

Because they are sea-based and because the decision to position and engage amphibious forces will always be easily reversible, amphibious forces greatly expand the repertoire of available response options. Among other national resources, they are particularly well placed to provide a demonstration of the United States's commitment and resolve to friends and allies as well as adversaries.

Normally two to three ARGs are forward deployed: one in the Mediterranean Sea/Persian Gulf–Indian Ocean area, and one or two in the western Pacific Ocean area. The other ships of the ARG are either working up to deploy, in transit, or in overhaul. One ARG/MEU, known as Task Force 76/Expeditionary Strike Group 7, is forward based in Sasebo and Okinawa, Japan.

In most cases, the ATF will be deployed under the protective umbrella of a Carrier Strike Group (CSG), which provides cover for the ATF and combat support to operations ashore. Ships of the ATF are capable of embarking and supporting other forces when the mission requires, including the United States Army, Special Operations Forces (SOF), or other joint and combined forces.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Amphibious Ready Group And Marine Expeditionary Unit - Overview". marines.mil.

External links edit

  • United States Navy Office of Information
  • USN Amphibious Ships

January 01, 1970
amphibious, ready, group, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, relies, largely, entirely, single, source, relevant, discussion, found, talk, p. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Amphibious ready group news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2016 This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message An amphibious ready group ARG of the United States Navy consists of a naval element a group of warships known as an Amphibious Task Force ATF and a landing force LF of U S Marines and occasionally U S Army soldiers in total about 5 000 people Together these elements and supporting units are trained organized and equipped to perform amphibious operations 1 An Amphibious Ready Group in the Pacific Ocean Pictured left to right USS Germantown LSD 42 Essex LHD 2 Juneau LPD 10 and Fort McHenry LSD 43 in March 2002 Contents 1 Composition 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksComposition editA typical U S Amphibious Readiness Group consists of Ships One amphibious assault ship a Landing Helicopter Assault LHA or Landing Helicopter Dock LHD the primary landing ship resembling a small aircraft carrier designed to transport troops into the war zone by air using transport helicopters In a secondary role these ships perform sea control and limited power projection missions using AV 8B Harrier II or F 35B Lightning II Marine aircraft and Navy airborne assets including MH 60S Seahawk There are currently two classes of amphibious assault ships in service the Wasp class LHD and the America class LHA Flights 0 amp I One amphibious transport dock ship a Landing Platform Dock LPD a warship that transports troops into the war zone by sea primarily using conventional landing craft and Landing Craft Air Cushion LCAC hovercraft although they also have the capability of operating helicopters from their flight decks as well There is currently one class of LPDs in service the San Antonio class Flights I amp II One dock landing ship LSD a warship supporting amphibious operations including landings onto hostile shores via LCAC conventional landing craft and helicopters There are currently two classes of LSDs in service the Harpers Ferry class and the Whidbey Island class Troops and equipment A Marine Expeditionary Unit MEU the smallest configuration of a Marine Air Ground Task Force that is deployed from an amphibious assault ship Each MEU includes a ground combat element of a Marine infantry battalion reinforced with M1 Abrams tanks artillery combat engineers amphibious vehicles light armored vehicles and other ground combat assets an aviation combat element composed of a composite squadron of rotary wing aircraft and AV 8B Harrier II ground attack and close air support jets and an Air Traffic Control and command and control detachment a battalion sized logistics combat element and a command element Each Marine Expeditionary Unit MEU typically consists of about 2 200 Marines and is usually commanded by a colonel The makeup of the MEU can be customized as situations require additional artillery armor or air units can be attached including squadrons of F A 18 Hornet multirole jet fighters deployed from aircraft carriers or ground bases Aircraft AV 8B Harrier IIs or F 35B Lightning IIs ground attack aircraft designed to attack and destroy surface targets F 35Bs also have the secondary role of fighter support MV 22B Ospreys or CH 53E Super Stallions transport personnel supplies and equipment in support of amphibious and shore operations AH 1Z Vipers attack helicopters providing fire support and fire support coordination to the landing force during amphibious assaults and subsequent operations ashore UH 1Y Venom Provides command and control during heliborne operations as well a light attack and assault capabilities USMC MV 22B squadrons are designated as Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadrons VMM and CH 53E squadrons as Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadrons HMH When assigned to a MEU the detachments of the various other squadrons are combined with either the MV 22 or CH 53 squadron to create a reinforced composite squadron The reinforced squadron is designated as VMM XXX REIN for MV 22s or HMH XXX REIN for CH 53s where the Xs are the squadron s number As such the various aircraft will don the tail codes and markers of the VMM or HMH squadron though will usually keep their own squadron tail art The resulting forces may range from a single Amphibious Ready Group Marine Expeditionary Unit Special Operations Capable ARG MEU SOC to a larger organization capable of employing a Marine Expeditionary Brigade MEB or even a Marine Expeditionary Force MEF Amphibious forces must be capable of performing missions ranging from humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to major theater war MTW Additionally they can be configured and deployed to operate at various levels of conflict and in multiple theaters simultaneously They can provide a presence that may preclude adventurous actions by a potential belligerent Because they are sea based and because the decision to position and engage amphibious forces will always be easily reversible amphibious forces greatly expand the repertoire of available response options Among other national resources they are particularly well placed to provide a demonstration of the United States s commitment and resolve to friends and allies as well as adversaries Normally two to three ARGs are forward deployed one in the Mediterranean Sea Persian Gulf Indian Ocean area and one or two in the western Pacific Ocean area The other ships of the ARG are either working up to deploy in transit or in overhaul One ARG MEU known as Task Force 76 Expeditionary Strike Group 7 is forward based in Sasebo and Okinawa Japan In most cases the ATF will be deployed under the protective umbrella of a Carrier Strike Group CSG which provides cover for the ATF and combat support to operations ashore Ships of the ATF are capable of embarking and supporting other forces when the mission requires including the United States Army Special Operations Forces SOF or other joint and combined forces See also editFleet Marine Force Expeditionary strike group Carrier battle group Amphibious warfare shipReferences edit Amphibious Ready Group And Marine Expeditionary Unit Overview marines mil External links editUnited States Navy Office of Information USN Amphibious Ships Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amphibious ready group amp oldid 1195361461, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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