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American Public University System

American Public University System (APUS) is a private, for-profit, online university system with its headquarters in Charles Town, West Virginia. It is composed of American Military University (AMU) and American Public University (APU). APUS is wholly owned by American Public Education, Inc., a publicly traded private-sector corporation (Nasdaq: APEI). APUS maintains corporate and academic offices in Charles Town, West Virginia. APUS offers associates, bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees, in addition to dual degrees, certificate programs and learning tracks.

American Public University System
MottoEducating those who serve
TypePrivate, for-profit, online university system
Established1991; 32 years ago (1991)[1]
AccreditationHigher Learning Commission
PresidentNuno Fernandes[2]
Academic staff
1,750+[3]
Students88,557[4]
Undergraduates83%[5]
Postgraduates17%[5]
Location, ,
United States
CampusOnline
ColorsNavy blue, gold, white
     
MascotAMU Golden Eagles;
APU Volunteers
Websitewww.apus.edu
American Public Education, Inc.
Nasdaq: APEI
Founded1991 
Headquarters,
United States 
Websitewww.americanpubliceducation.com
APUS main office

APUS has approximately 110,000 alumni worldwide as of March 31, 2021.

Approximately 56% of APUS students reported that they served in the military on active duty at initial enrollment.[6] About 55,000 military service members get tuition assistance for APUS schools.[7] Another 16,702 use their GI Bill benefits for the schools.[8]

History edit

The university was founded in 1991 by Major James P. Etter (USMC, retired) as American Military University.[1] Operations began in January 1993 with the enrollment of 18 graduate students. Initially, the main goal of the university was to meet the unique educational needs of military personnel needing courses in specialized areas, such as counterterrorism and military intelligence, that were not included in typical university course offerings. In the early years, instruction was done through conventional correspondence.

In June 1995 AMU became nationally accredited by the Accrediting Commission of the Distance Education and Training Council (DETC). In January of the following year, the school introduced its first undergraduate programs. The first online courses and online classrooms started in 1998. In 1999, all undergraduate classes and programs went fully online, with graduate programs shifting to online in 2000.

In 2002 AMU expanded to become American Public University System and established American Public University, intended primarily for civilians interested in public service programs. In 2006 APUS was granted regional accreditation from the Higher Learning Commission. In 2012 American Public University System resigned its DETC accreditation.[9] In 2016, the university was listed as tied for 58th place in U.S. News & World Report ranking of online bachelor's degree Programs.[10]

In July 2016, long-time President Wallace E. Boston was succeeded as APUS president by former executive vice president and provost Karan Powell, while continuing his leadership role as CEO of APEI to provide strategic and leadership support to APUS and other APEI ventures. In September 2016, Vernon Smith was named senior vice president and provost, succeeding Powell.[11] In September 2017, Boston was reappointed APUS president.[12] In September 2019, Angela Selden was named CEO of APEI, succeeding Boston.[13]

APUS had a partnership with Walmart from 2010 to 2019. Walmart spent $50 million on the "Lifelong Learning Program, chiefly for tuition grants for Walmart workers to 'further develop a pipeline' for leaders".[14][15]

From 2013 to 2017, APUS' enrollment declined from 127,000 to 84,000 students.[16] In 2018, APUS paid the state of Massachusetts $270,000 after an investigation by the state's attorney general into allegations that it violated the state's for-profit and occupational school regulations, which are aimed at protecting students from the deceptive and unfair business practices by for-profit schools.[17][18] In July 2020, Wade Dyke, former president of Kaplan University was named president of APUS.[19]

In October 2020, American Public University began the process of acquiring Rasmussen College,[20] later named Rasmussen University.[21]

Under the 90-10 rule, schools are required to get funds that are not federal funds. In 2021, Congress closed the loophole in the 90-10 rule that previously excluded DOD Tuition Assistance funds and GI Bill funds.[22][23] The Veterans Education Project reported that American Public University System would be the largest for-profit college chain negatively affected by the modified rule.[24]

Accreditation edit

APUS is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.[25] In 2018, the accreditation status was designated "under governmental investigation" as a result of an investigation by the Massachusetts state attorney general into deceptive and predatory recruiting practices.[26][17] The investigation ended in a settlement in which APUS paid $270,000 to the state to provide relief to eligible AMU students, and has agreed to change its disclosures to prospective students,[17] and the designation was removed.

From January 6, 1995, to April 30, 2012, the institution was accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission. APUS resigned its accreditation through this organization as of April 30, 2012.[27]

The university's School of Business is accredited by, and several business programs have specialized accreditation from, the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs.[28] The university's Bachelor of Science in nursing (RN to BSN) program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education.[29] APUS' Master of Public Health program was accredited in July 2017 — retroactive to 22 July 2015 — by the Council on Education for Public Health.[30][31]

Professional recognition and affiliation edit

Select APUS programs are also affiliated with and/or recognized by such professional organizations as:[32]

Academics and finances edit

APUS is an open enrollment institution. The system employs approximately 410 full-time faculty members and 1,800 part-time faculty members.[6] Full-time professors are salaried employees without tenure. APUS offers 200 degree and certificate programs across six academic schools through American Military University and American Public University, including the following:

  • School of Arts and Humanities
  • School of Business
  • School of Education
  • School of Health Sciences
  • School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math
  • School of Security and Global Studies

As well as professional certificates, associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees, the university now awards doctoral degrees.[35] Beginning in May 2017, the university began awarding doctoral degrees in the following courses of study: Doctor of Global Security (DGS) and Doctor of Strategic Intelligence (DSI).[36]

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the 6-year graduation rate is 29%.[37]

Servicemembers Opportunity Colleges edit

American Military University participated in the Servicemembers Opportunity Colleges program before it was disbanded in 2019, with eligible bachelor's degrees in Homeland Security, Intelligence Studies, Emergency and Disaster Management (Coast Guard only), Criminal Justice, Management, and Business Administration.[38] AMU is also a Navy College Program Distance Learning Partner.[39]

Student outcomes edit

According to the College Scorecard, American Public University has an 8-year graduation rate of 22 percent, with a salary after completing ranging from $15,650 (AA in Human Development) to $76,460 (Bachelors in Fire Protection).[40] Of those two years into student loan repayment, 27% were in forbearance, 21% were not making progress, 19% defaulted, 13% were in deferment, 8% were making progress, 6% were delinquent, 3% were paid in full, and 3% were discharged.

Notable faculty edit

  • Wendy B. Lawrence, retired Space Shuttle veteran and Navy aviator with 25 years of service; professor of Space Studies[41]

Notable alumni edit

Educational institutions owned by American Public Education, Inc. edit

Each institution listed here is separately incorporated and accredited.

References edit

  1. ^ a b "For-Profit Education In The Age Of Austerity: The APUS Story". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
  2. ^ "Nuno Fernandes Assumes Presidency of American Public University System".
  3. ^ "APUS Facts". Apus.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  4. ^ "APUS Fast Facts | American Public University System (APUS)".
  5. ^ a b "APUS Facts". Apus.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  6. ^ a b "Edgar Pro". Yahoo.brand.edgar-online.com. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  7. ^ "DoD Comparison Tool - Home Page". Dodmou.com. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  8. ^ "GI Bill Comparison Tool". Vets.gov. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  9. ^ (PDF). Distance Training and Education Council. 10 May 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
  10. ^ . US News. Archived from the original on 2016-05-27. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  11. ^ Muys, Brian. "American Public University System Appoints Vernon Smith as Provost". APUS. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  12. ^ "American Public University System - Official Site - 877-755-2787".
  13. ^ "American Public Education Announces CEO Transition".
  14. ^ "| WalmartOne". Us.walmartone.com. 2013-09-16. Retrieved 2016-05-25.[permanent dead link]
  15. ^ Fain, Paul (2016-05-18). "Walmart and American Public U. chart new ground with partnership". Insidehighered.com. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  16. ^ "Document". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  17. ^ a b c "American Military University Pays $270,000 for Alleged Failure to Disclose Job Prospects, High-Pressure Enrollment Tactics". August 8, 2018.
  18. ^ Marian Johns (August 15, 2018). "Online for-profit university to pay $270,000 for allegedly misleading veterans".
  19. ^ "American Public University System Selects Dr. Wade Dyke as President". www.apus.edu. American Public University. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  20. ^ Seltzer, Rick. "American Public Education Acquires Rasmussen". Inside Higher Education. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  21. ^ "Rasmussen University Transition". Rasmussen University Transition. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  22. ^ Blackman, Annie (31 May 2021). "Dollar Signs in Uniform". www.theregreview.org. The Regulatory Review. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  23. ^ Cowley, Stacy (11 March 2021). "Congress Closes Loophole That Made Veterans a Target of For-Profit Schools". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  24. ^ Delisle, Jason; Christensen, Cody. "COLLATERAL DAMAGE: Why an Expanded 90/10 Rule is a Misguided Policy for Protecting Military Student" (PDF). veteranseducationproject.org. Veterans Education Project. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  25. ^ "Statement of Accreditation Status". Higher Learning Commission. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
  26. ^ (PDF). February 7, 2018. Archived from the original on August 26, 2018.
  27. ^ Lambert, Michael (May 10, 2012). "Distance Education and Training Council Bulletin" (PDF). DEAC.org. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  28. ^ a b "American Public University System - Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs". Acbsp.org. 2015-07-29. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
  29. ^ "CCNE-Accredited Nursing Degree Programs". Directory.ccnecommunity.org. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
  30. ^ . ceph.org. Archived from the original on 2018-06-28. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  31. ^ "Online Master's Degree in Public Health - American Public University". www.apu.apus.edu. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  32. ^ "Accreditation". American Public University System. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
  33. ^ . National Security Agency. Archived from the original on 2009-01-17. Retrieved 2014-12-19.
  34. ^ "American Public University System, NCFR". NCFR. Retrieved 2014-12-19.
  35. ^ Muys, Brian. "America Public University System Introduces First Applied Doctoral Programs". APUS. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  36. ^ Tross, Dave. "Doctoral Programs". www.amu.apus.edu. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  37. ^ "College Navigator - American Public University System". National Center for Education Statistics. 2017-12-30. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
  38. ^ Servicemembers Opportunity Colleges. "SOC DNS Guaranteed-Transfer Courses". Soc.aascu.org. Retrieved 2016-01-20.[permanent dead link]
  39. ^ . US Navy. Archived from the original on 2014-12-19. Retrieved 2014-12-19.
  40. ^ "American Public University System". College Scorecard. US Department of Education. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  41. ^ "Wendy B. Lawrence".
  42. ^ "FACULTY | Daniel Morgan Graduate School of National Security". dmgs.org. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  43. ^ Middle East Seminar. 2016. Yasser Harrak Biography -Arabic-. Accessed December 30, 2016. https://yasserharrak.com/author/yasserhshassani/ 2017-01-01 at the Wayback Machine
  44. ^ "President Bush Appoints 2008-2009 Class of White House Fellows". Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
  45. ^ "Iowa House Republicans Biography". www.iowahouserepublicans.com. Retrieved 2018-01-31.[permanent dead link]
  46. ^ "Meet the Wolff brothers: former Navy SEALS turned MMA fighters". cp24.com. December 9, 2008.

External links edit

  • Official website

american, public, university, system, this, article, about, private, institution, named, public, universities, united, states, public, university, united, states, apus, private, profit, online, university, system, with, headquarters, charles, town, west, virgi. This article is about the private institution named American Public University System For public universities in the United States see Public university United States American Public University System APUS is a private for profit online university system with its headquarters in Charles Town West Virginia It is composed of American Military University AMU and American Public University APU APUS is wholly owned by American Public Education Inc a publicly traded private sector corporation Nasdaq APEI APUS maintains corporate and academic offices in Charles Town West Virginia APUS offers associates bachelors masters and doctoral degrees in addition to dual degrees certificate programs and learning tracks American Public University SystemMottoEducating those who serveTypePrivate for profit online university systemEstablished1991 32 years ago 1991 1 AccreditationHigher Learning CommissionPresidentNuno Fernandes 2 Academic staff1 750 3 Students88 557 4 Undergraduates83 5 Postgraduates17 5 LocationCharles Town West Virginia United StatesCampusOnlineColorsNavy blue gold white MascotAMU Golden Eagles APU VolunteersWebsitewww wbr apus wbr eduAmerican Public Education Inc Traded asNasdaq APEIFounded1991 HeadquartersCharles Town United States Websitewww wbr americanpubliceducation wbr comAPUS main officeAPUS has approximately 110 000 alumni worldwide as of March 31 2021 Approximately 56 of APUS students reported that they served in the military on active duty at initial enrollment 6 About 55 000 military service members get tuition assistance for APUS schools 7 Another 16 702 use their GI Bill benefits for the schools 8 Contents 1 History 2 Accreditation 2 1 Professional recognition and affiliation 3 Academics and finances 3 1 Servicemembers Opportunity Colleges 4 Student outcomes 5 Notable faculty 6 Notable alumni 7 Educational institutions owned by American Public Education Inc 8 References 9 External linksHistory editThe university was founded in 1991 by Major James P Etter USMC retired as American Military University 1 Operations began in January 1993 with the enrollment of 18 graduate students Initially the main goal of the university was to meet the unique educational needs of military personnel needing courses in specialized areas such as counterterrorism and military intelligence that were not included in typical university course offerings In the early years instruction was done through conventional correspondence In June 1995 AMU became nationally accredited by the Accrediting Commission of the Distance Education and Training Council DETC In January of the following year the school introduced its first undergraduate programs The first online courses and online classrooms started in 1998 In 1999 all undergraduate classes and programs went fully online with graduate programs shifting to online in 2000 In 2002 AMU expanded to become American Public University System and established American Public University intended primarily for civilians interested in public service programs In 2006 APUS was granted regional accreditation from the Higher Learning Commission In 2012 American Public University System resigned its DETC accreditation 9 In 2016 the university was listed as tied for 58th place in U S News amp World Report ranking of online bachelor s degree Programs 10 In July 2016 long time President Wallace E Boston was succeeded as APUS president by former executive vice president and provost Karan Powell while continuing his leadership role as CEO of APEI to provide strategic and leadership support to APUS and other APEI ventures In September 2016 Vernon Smith was named senior vice president and provost succeeding Powell 11 In September 2017 Boston was reappointed APUS president 12 In September 2019 Angela Selden was named CEO of APEI succeeding Boston 13 APUS had a partnership with Walmart from 2010 to 2019 Walmart spent 50 million on the Lifelong Learning Program chiefly for tuition grants for Walmart workers to further develop a pipeline for leaders 14 15 From 2013 to 2017 APUS enrollment declined from 127 000 to 84 000 students 16 In 2018 APUS paid the state of Massachusetts 270 000 after an investigation by the state s attorney general into allegations that it violated the state s for profit and occupational school regulations which are aimed at protecting students from the deceptive and unfair business practices by for profit schools 17 18 In July 2020 Wade Dyke former president of Kaplan University was named president of APUS 19 In October 2020 American Public University began the process of acquiring Rasmussen College 20 later named Rasmussen University 21 Under the 90 10 rule schools are required to get funds that are not federal funds In 2021 Congress closed the loophole in the 90 10 rule that previously excluded DOD Tuition Assistance funds and GI Bill funds 22 23 The Veterans Education Project reported that American Public University System would be the largest for profit college chain negatively affected by the modified rule 24 Accreditation editAPUS is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission 25 In 2018 the accreditation status was designated under governmental investigation as a result of an investigation by the Massachusetts state attorney general into deceptive and predatory recruiting practices 26 17 The investigation ended in a settlement in which APUS paid 270 000 to the state to provide relief to eligible AMU students and has agreed to change its disclosures to prospective students 17 and the designation was removed From January 6 1995 to April 30 2012 the institution was accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission APUS resigned its accreditation through this organization as of April 30 2012 27 The university s School of Business is accredited by and several business programs have specialized accreditation from the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs 28 The university s Bachelor of Science in nursing RN to BSN program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education 29 APUS Master of Public Health program was accredited in July 2017 retroactive to 22 July 2015 by the Council on Education for Public Health 30 31 Professional recognition and affiliation edit Select APUS programs are also affiliated with and or recognized by such professional organizations as 32 Society for Human Resource Management American Sport Education Program Council on Education for Public Health National Academy of Sports Medicine NSA s Information Assurance Courseware Evaluation 33 National Council on Family Relations 34 Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs 28 Academics and finances editAPUS is an open enrollment institution The system employs approximately 410 full time faculty members and 1 800 part time faculty members 6 Full time professors are salaried employees without tenure APUS offers 200 degree and certificate programs across six academic schools through American Military University and American Public University including the following School of Arts and Humanities School of Business School of Education School of Health Sciences School of Science Technology Engineering and Math School of Security and Global StudiesAs well as professional certificates associate degrees bachelor s degrees and master s degrees the university now awards doctoral degrees 35 Beginning in May 2017 the university began awarding doctoral degrees in the following courses of study Doctor of Global Security DGS and Doctor of Strategic Intelligence DSI 36 According to the National Center for Education Statistics the 6 year graduation rate is 29 37 Servicemembers Opportunity Colleges edit American Military University participated in the Servicemembers Opportunity Colleges program before it was disbanded in 2019 with eligible bachelor s degrees in Homeland Security Intelligence Studies Emergency and Disaster Management Coast Guard only Criminal Justice Management and Business Administration 38 AMU is also a Navy College Program Distance Learning Partner 39 Student outcomes editAccording to the College Scorecard American Public University has an 8 year graduation rate of 22 percent with a salary after completing ranging from 15 650 AA in Human Development to 76 460 Bachelors in Fire Protection 40 Of those two years into student loan repayment 27 were in forbearance 21 were not making progress 19 defaulted 13 were in deferment 8 were making progress 6 were delinquent 3 were paid in full and 3 were discharged Notable faculty editWendy B Lawrence retired Space Shuttle veteran and Navy aviator with 25 years of service professor of Space Studies 41 Notable alumni editMonique Marie Chouraeshkenazi scholar chairwoman of the National Security Program 42 Yasser Harrak Canadian writer columnist and human rights activist 43 Nicole Malachowski United States Air Force Colonel and the first female pilot selected to fly as part of the USAF Air Demonstration Squadron better known as the Thunderbirds Master of Arts with honors National Security Policy 2009 44 Cory Mills businessman defense contractor and member of the United States House of Representatives John Wills Iowa State Representative 45 Brandon Wolff mixed martial artist former Welterweight fighter of the Ultimate Fighting Championship and former Navy SEAL 46 Educational institutions owned by American Public Education Inc editEach institution listed here is separately incorporated and accredited American Public University System which uses the brands American Military University and American Public University Graduate School USA Hondros College of Nursing Rasmussen UniversityReferences edit a b For Profit Education In The Age Of Austerity The APUS Story Forbes com Retrieved 2016 01 20 Nuno Fernandes Assumes Presidency of American Public University System APUS Facts Apus edu Retrieved 2016 05 25 APUS Fast Facts American Public University System APUS a b APUS Facts Apus edu Retrieved 2016 05 25 a b Edgar Pro Yahoo brand edgar online com Retrieved 2016 05 25 DoD Comparison Tool Home Page Dodmou com Retrieved 2016 05 25 GI Bill Comparison Tool Vets gov Retrieved 5 May 2018 Report from the Accrediting Commission PDF Distance Training and Education Council 10 May 2012 Archived from the original PDF on 22 January 2013 Retrieved 12 May 2013 Best Online Bachelor s Programs Online Bachelor s Rankings US News Archived from the original on 2016 05 27 Retrieved 2016 05 25 Muys Brian American Public University System Appoints Vernon Smith as Provost APUS Retrieved 5 May 2018 American Public University System Official Site 877 755 2787 American Public Education Announces CEO Transition WalmartOne Us walmartone com 2013 09 16 Retrieved 2016 05 25 permanent dead link Fain Paul 2016 05 18 Walmart and American Public U chart new ground with partnership Insidehighered com Retrieved 2016 05 25 Document www sec gov Retrieved 5 May 2018 a b c American Military University Pays 270 000 for Alleged Failure to Disclose Job Prospects High Pressure Enrollment Tactics August 8 2018 Marian Johns August 15 2018 Online for profit university to pay 270 000 for allegedly misleading veterans American Public University System Selects Dr Wade Dyke as President www apus edu American Public University Retrieved 3 March 2021 Seltzer Rick American Public Education Acquires Rasmussen Inside Higher Education Retrieved 30 January 2021 Rasmussen University Transition Rasmussen University Transition Retrieved 30 January 2021 Blackman Annie 31 May 2021 Dollar Signs in Uniform www theregreview org The Regulatory Review Retrieved 4 July 2021 Cowley Stacy 11 March 2021 Congress Closes Loophole That Made Veterans a Target of For Profit Schools The New York Times Retrieved 4 July 2021 Delisle Jason Christensen Cody COLLATERAL DAMAGE Why an Expanded 90 10 Rule is a Misguided Policy for Protecting Military Student PDF veteranseducationproject org Veterans Education Project Retrieved 4 July 2021 Statement of Accreditation Status Higher Learning Commission Retrieved 2018 10 20 Public Disclosure American Military University under American Public University System has received the Governmental Investigation designation PDF February 7 2018 Archived from the original on August 26 2018 Lambert Michael May 10 2012 Distance Education and Training Council Bulletin PDF DEAC org Retrieved August 26 2018 a b American Public University System Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs Acbsp org 2015 07 29 Retrieved 2016 01 20 CCNE Accredited Nursing Degree Programs Directory ccnecommunity org Retrieved 2016 01 20 Accredited Schools amp Programs Council on Education for Public Health ceph org Archived from the original on 2018 06 28 Retrieved 5 May 2018 Online Master s Degree in Public Health American Public University www apu apus edu Retrieved 5 May 2018 Accreditation American Public University System Retrieved 2015 06 03 IA Courseware Institutions National Security Agency Archived from the original on 2009 01 17 Retrieved 2014 12 19 American Public University System NCFR NCFR Retrieved 2014 12 19 Muys Brian America Public University System Introduces First Applied Doctoral Programs APUS Retrieved 5 May 2018 Tross Dave Doctoral Programs www amu apus edu Retrieved 5 May 2018 College Navigator American Public University System National Center for Education Statistics 2017 12 30 Retrieved 2017 12 30 Servicemembers Opportunity Colleges SOC DNS Guaranteed Transfer Courses Soc aascu org Retrieved 2016 01 20 permanent dead link NCP Distance Learning Partnership Schools US Navy Archived from the original on 2014 12 19 Retrieved 2014 12 19 American Public University System College Scorecard US Department of Education Retrieved 30 January 2021 Wendy B Lawrence FACULTY Daniel Morgan Graduate School of National Security dmgs org Retrieved 2019 03 13 Middle East Seminar 2016 Yasser Harrak Biography Arabic Accessed December 30 2016 https yasserharrak com author yasserhshassani Archived 2017 01 01 at the Wayback Machine President Bush Appoints 2008 2009 Class of White House Fellows Georgewbush whitehouse archives gov 2008 06 26 Retrieved 2012 07 08 Iowa House Republicans Biography www iowahouserepublicans com Retrieved 2018 01 31 permanent dead link Meet the Wolff brothers former Navy SEALS turned MMA fighters cp24 com December 9 2008 External links editOfficial website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title American Public University System amp oldid 1183184765, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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