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Alwin Nikolais

Alwin Nikolais (November 25, 1910 – May 8, 1993) was an American choreographer, dancer, composer, musician, teacher.[1] He had created the Nikolais Dance Theatre,[2] and was best known for his self-designed innovative costume, lighting and production design.[3][4] Nikolais gave the world a new vision of dance and was named the "father of multi-media theater."[1]

Alwin Nikolais
Alwin Nikolais, photographed by Ralph E. Sandler
Born(1910-11-25)November 25, 1910
DiedMay 8, 1993(1993-05-08) (aged 82)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Occupations
PartnerMurray Louis

Early life

Nikolais was born on November 25, 1910 in Southington, Connecticut. He studied piano at an early age and began his performing career as an organist accompanying silent films. As a young artist, he gained skills in scenic design, acting, puppetry and music composition. It was after attending a performance by the German dancer Mary Wigman that he was inspired to study dance.

He received his early dance training at Bennington College from the great figures of the modern dance world: Hanya Holm, Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, Charles Weidman, Louis Horst, and others.

Career

In 1939, in collaboration with Truda Kaschmann, his first modern dance teacher,[1] Nikolais received a commission to create Eight Column Line, his first ballet.

After teaching two years at his own dance studio and touring the United States with Hanya Holm's company,[1] Nikolais did active duty in the United States Army during World War II.[1] Nikolais relocated to New York City following the war and resumed studying with Hanya Holm.[5] Eventually, he became Holm's assistant, teaching at her New York school and at Colorado College during the summers.

In 1949, Nikolais was appointed as co-director of the Henry Street Settlement Playhouse, alongside Betty Young.[5] He formed the Playhouse Dance Company, which was later renamed and known as the Nikolais Dance Theatre. It was at Henry Street that Nikolais began to develop his own world of abstract dance theatre, portraying man as part of a total environment. Nikolais redefined dance, as "the art of motion which, left on its own merits, becomes the message as well as the medium". He stated "the Province of art is to explore the inner mechanisms and extra dimensional areas of life and, out of the exploration, to produce its findings translated into the form of the artist's media." It was also at Henry Street Playhouse that Nikolais was joined by Murray Louis, who was to become a driving force in the Playhouse Company, Nikolais' leading dancer and longtime collaborator.[5]

In 1956, the Nikolais Dance Theater was invited to its first of many appearances at the American Dance Festival. With this, and a number of appearances on televisions The Steve Allen Show, his total dance theatre had begun to take shape, and the company established itself in the forefront of American contemporary dance. In the 1960s his choreographic artistry was showcased once again on live network television for the CBS Repertoire Workshop.[6]

Following the Audio Engineering Society convention, in October 1964, Nikolais saw and immediately placed an order for the first Moog analog synthesizer system.

With the company's 1968 Paris season at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Nikolais' impact on dance grew internationally. Following Paris, the company began performing around the world. Here began a long artistic relationship with the Théâtre de la Ville which began in 1971 and continues now after his death.

In 1978, the French National Ministry of Culture invited him to form the Centre Nationale de la Danse Contemporaine in Angers, France. In December 1980, he created his 99th choreographic work Schema, for the Paris Opera. At the same time, his choreography for an opera by Gian Carlo Menotti was being staged at the Vienna Staatsoper.

Nikolais was granted five honorary doctorate degrees, was twice designated a Guggenheim Fellow, and was the recipient of a three-year creativity grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Nikolais and his work have been featured in numerous films and television programs in the US and abroad. In July 1987, Nik and Murray, a feature-length documentary film about Nikolais and Murray Louis, directed by Christian Blackwood, aired on the PBS series American Masters.

Nikolais was renowned as a master teacher, and his pedagogy is taught in schools and universities throughout the world. He died of cancer May 8, 1993, in New York and is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

His style

 
Nikolais was the first customer for the newly developed Moog synthesizer in 1964.

Nikolais employed lights, slides, electronic music, and stage props to create environments through which dancers moved and, more important, into which they blended (Dance Magazine, 1968). He would commonly use props with aesthetic as well as functional purposes; for instance, a traveler moving across the stage would hide a crossing and simultaneously create a volume of motion. His production MASKS, PROPS, and MOBILES was accredited to have created and popularized modern multimedia theater (Mazo, Joseph), although, some critics rejected Nikolais work as dance, especially when Nikolais transformed the bodies of dancers by covering them in plastic bags that would stretch and change shapes in Noumenon; a section from Masks, Props and Mobiles (1953). He avoided overused themes like psychosexuality, good vs. evil, or heroes and heroines. Instead, he chose to move away from the life of the individual and focus on group action. He preferred also to develop his own style of movement, and not to replicate the moves of previous time periods or other composers. He expanded the use of music in dance from being mainly a way of marking time or adding emotional value to create new sounds to add to his new theatrical environments. He was the first customer for the newly developed Moog synthesizer in 1964.

Nikolais' V artistic mandate was for meaning to be conveyed strictly through movement. He characterized his stage presentations as "decentralizing" the dancer, so that humans were only one of the theatrical elements on stage. Nikolais despised of modern dance's obsession with self.[7]

Nikolais uses a barefoot dance technique. He prefers it for practical reasons, viewing the muscular and tactile functions of bare feet as essential to the total body. He works to incorporate this into the body design of the dancer's costumes, sometimes making the device a primary part of the design concept. For example, in "Discs," dancers wore colored aluminum discs on one of their feet. In addition to extending a dancer's base and range of balance, they also added vertical extension. Shape, color, and material provided both visual and auditory elements. In "Stratus and Nimbus" and "Scenario" dancers wore sound-producing fiberboard circles on their feet, altering the dancer' movement to create aural effects.[4]

Nikolais placed great emphasis on sensory experience, through which a dancer's dynamic action is conveyed to the audience. He emphasized that perception of one area can be emphasized by deliberately blocking out consciousness in other unwanted areas.[8] In the 1950s Nikolais used blackface, whiteface, and colored makeup both to create and prevent sensory blocking, manipulating perceptions of race in dances such as Prism and Imago. In using makeup in this way, he was concerned with design, rather than creating character.[4]

Nikolais used lighting extensively, directing light from multiple directions and levels and using it to create shape, space, and silhouettes. He returned to his early work as a musical composer to design his own score for his new dance, using electronic tape. At the Henry Street Playhouse, a seven speaker system was used to play the score from throughout the room, giving it dimensions of time and space. Combining cast, lighting and music with modern dance techniques, gained him a world-wide reputation for theatrical arts.[9] Nikolais received high regards from New York State Council on the Arts, Hofstra University, Rutgers University, Duke University, Hunter College, and Brigham Young University.

Nikolais was known amongst colleagues and peers as shy and reserved. He allowed his partner Murray Louis to deal with more public affairs, preferring to focus on his school and theatre. Nikolais was renowned as a master teacher, and his pedagogy is taught in schools and universities throughout the world.[10] Nikolais, referring to his students, said: "Each student is encouraged toward the highest aesthetic values, and upon creative fluency and achievement, as well as technical skill. The job of the teacher is to pursue, institute and constantly anticipate the best possible activities coinciding with this idealistic thesis."

Awards

In 1987, Nikolais was awarded the National Medal of Arts, bestowed by President Ronald Reagan, and the Kennedy Center Honors, conferred during a three-day round of official Washington events, which culminated in a CBS telecast featuring the Nikolais Dance Theater.[3]

He received the City of Paris' highest honor, the Grande Medaille de Vermeille de la Ville de Paris, as well as medals from Seville, Spain, Athens, Greece, and 30 other cities both foreign and national as well as a special citation from New York City's Mayor, which he shared with Murray Louis. Often referred to as the American Patriarch of French modern dance, Nikolais is a knight of France's Legion of Honor and a commander of the Order of Arts and Letters. In 2000, he was inducted into the National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame.[11]

His accolades from the world of arts and letters included the Samuel H. Scripps American Dance Festival Award; the Capezio Award; Circulo Criticos Award, Chile; Emmy Citation Award; Dance Magazine Award (1968);[3] the Tiffany Award; and the American Dance Guild Award.

Choreographies

The first production by Nikolais, after the creation of the Henry Street Settlement Playhouse (now Abrons Arts Center), was called Kaleidoscope (1953),[12] and premiered at the American Dance Festival.

  • 1953, Kaleidoscope[12]
  • 1953, Masks, Props, and Mobiles[13]
  • 1953, Tensile Involvement[12]
  • 1953, Noumenon Mobilus
  • 1955, Noumenon
  • 1960, Totem[13]
  • 1963, Imago suite[3]
  • 1963, Arcade
  • 1963, Artisan
  • 1964, Sanctum[3][14]
  • 1964, Water Studies
  • 1978, Gallery[3]
  • 1979, Count Down[13]
  • 1980, Mechanical Organ
  • 1982, Dime in the Slot (part of Mechanical Organ)
  • 1982, Pond[12]
  • 1982, Two not yet together
  • 1985, Crucible
  • 1987, BLANK on BLANK
  • Girls Trio
  • Mantis

Archives

The Ohio University Libraries in Athens, Ohio is home to the Alwin Nikolais and Murray Louis Dance Collection.[15] An archival collection containing films, photographs, posters, awards, programs, reviews, and musical recordings. Ohio University also holds the Gladys Bailin papers - a student of Nikolais, dancer in the Nikolais Dance Company, and Distinguished Professor of dance at Ohio University.[16]

Bibliography

  • Francesca Pedroni, Alwin Nikolais, Palermo, L'Epos, 2000. ISBN 88-8302-143-6
  • Dance Theatre of Alwin Nikolais, Company Publications, Alwin Nikolais and Murray Louis Papers, MSS. 181: Alden Library, Ohio University.
  • Mazo, Joseph. "The Nik of Time." Dance Magazine July 1993: p. 28.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Connick, Judy (November 15, 2007). . The Alwin Nikolais and Murray Louis Dance Collection, Ohio University Libraries. Archived from the original on July 17, 2010.
  2. ^ . Art Source Management. 2006. Archived from the original on 2011-11-12.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Escoyne, Courtney (2018-04-04). "#tbt: Alwin Nikolais on Inventing Your Own Solutions". Dance Magazine. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  4. ^ a b c Grauert, Ruth E. (2009). "The Theater of Alwin Nikolais". Bearnstow Journal. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  5. ^ a b c Kisselgoff, Anna (2005-12-17). "Savoring the Steps Behind His Dance". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  6. ^ "Television and the Performing Arts: A Handbook and Reference Guide to American Cultural Programming" Rose, Brain G. Greenwood Press, New York, 1986, P. 43. ISBN 0-313-24159-7 Television and the Performing Arts - A Handbook and Reference Guide to American Cultural Programing - CBS Repertoire Workshop - Alwin Nikolais on www.books.google.com
  7. ^ "Meet the Artists | ArtsAlive.ca Dance".
  8. ^ Louis, Murray; Nikolais, Alwin (22 April 2016). The Nikolais/Louis Dance Technique: A Philosophy and Method of Modern Dance. Routledge. pp. 20–26. ISBN 978-1-134-95573-2. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  9. ^ Correa, José Guilherme (19 October 2012). Delving Into Terpsichore Territory. Clube de Autores. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-11-20. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
  11. ^ . National Museum of Dance. Archived from the original on 2009-08-15.
  12. ^ a b c d Kisselgoff, Anna (1984-02-19). "Dance: Nikolais Troupe in 1953 'Kaleidoscope'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  13. ^ a b c "Alwin Nikolais". American Masters, PBS. 2005-03-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  14. ^ Hanlon, Khara (2012-03-22). "Lady Gaga has Nothing on Nikolais". Dance Magazine. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  15. ^ "Alwin Nikolais and Murray Louis Dance Collection | Ohio University". www.ohio.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-30.
  16. ^ "OhioDance Virtual Dance Collection". vdc.ohiodance.org. Retrieved 2022-03-30.

External links

  • Nikolais-Louis Foundation for Dance, Inc.
  • Alwin Nikolais: Electronic Dance Music at Amazon.com
  • http://www.danceheritage.org/nikolais.html
  • Archival footage of Alberto Del Saz and Peter Kyle in Nikolais's Mechanical Organ, performed in 1996 as a part of The Magic of Alwin Nikolais at Jacob’s Pillow Dance Festival.

alwin, nikolais, november, 1910, 1993, american, choreographer, dancer, composer, musician, teacher, created, nikolais, dance, theatre, best, known, self, designed, innovative, costume, lighting, production, design, nikolais, gave, world, vision, dance, named,. Alwin Nikolais November 25 1910 May 8 1993 was an American choreographer dancer composer musician teacher 1 He had created the Nikolais Dance Theatre 2 and was best known for his self designed innovative costume lighting and production design 3 4 Nikolais gave the world a new vision of dance and was named the father of multi media theater 1 Alwin NikolaisAlwin Nikolais photographed by Ralph E SandlerBorn 1910 11 25 November 25 1910Southington Connecticut U S DiedMay 8 1993 1993 05 08 aged 82 New York City New York U S OccupationschoreographercomposerdancermusicianeducatorPartnerMurray Louis Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 His style 4 Awards 5 Choreographies 6 Archives 7 Bibliography 8 References 9 External linksEarly life EditNikolais was born on November 25 1910 in Southington Connecticut He studied piano at an early age and began his performing career as an organist accompanying silent films As a young artist he gained skills in scenic design acting puppetry and music composition It was after attending a performance by the German dancer Mary Wigman that he was inspired to study dance He received his early dance training at Bennington College from the great figures of the modern dance world Hanya Holm Martha Graham Doris Humphrey Charles Weidman Louis Horst and others Career EditIn 1939 in collaboration with Truda Kaschmann his first modern dance teacher 1 Nikolais received a commission to create Eight Column Line his first ballet After teaching two years at his own dance studio and touring the United States with Hanya Holm s company 1 Nikolais did active duty in the United States Army during World War II 1 Nikolais relocated to New York City following the war and resumed studying with Hanya Holm 5 Eventually he became Holm s assistant teaching at her New York school and at Colorado College during the summers In 1949 Nikolais was appointed as co director of the Henry Street Settlement Playhouse alongside Betty Young 5 He formed the Playhouse Dance Company which was later renamed and known as the Nikolais Dance Theatre It was at Henry Street that Nikolais began to develop his own world of abstract dance theatre portraying man as part of a total environment Nikolais redefined dance as the art of motion which left on its own merits becomes the message as well as the medium He stated the Province of art is to explore the inner mechanisms and extra dimensional areas of life and out of the exploration to produce its findings translated into the form of the artist s media It was also at Henry Street Playhouse that Nikolais was joined by Murray Louis who was to become a driving force in the Playhouse Company Nikolais leading dancer and longtime collaborator 5 In 1956 the Nikolais Dance Theater was invited to its first of many appearances at the American Dance Festival With this and a number of appearances on televisions The Steve Allen Show his total dance theatre had begun to take shape and the company established itself in the forefront of American contemporary dance In the 1960s his choreographic artistry was showcased once again on live network television for the CBS Repertoire Workshop 6 Following the Audio Engineering Society convention in October 1964 Nikolais saw and immediately placed an order for the first Moog analog synthesizer system With the company s 1968 Paris season at the Theatre des Champs Elysees Nikolais impact on dance grew internationally Following Paris the company began performing around the world Here began a long artistic relationship with the Theatre de la Ville which began in 1971 and continues now after his death In 1978 the French National Ministry of Culture invited him to form the Centre Nationale de la Danse Contemporaine in Angers France In December 1980 he created his 99th choreographic work Schema for the Paris Opera At the same time his choreography for an opera by Gian Carlo Menotti was being staged at the Vienna Staatsoper Nikolais was granted five honorary doctorate degrees was twice designated a Guggenheim Fellow and was the recipient of a three year creativity grant from the Andrew W Mellon Foundation Nikolais and his work have been featured in numerous films and television programs in the US and abroad In July 1987 Nik and Murray a feature length documentary film about Nikolais and Murray Louis directed by Christian Blackwood aired on the PBS series American Masters Nikolais was renowned as a master teacher and his pedagogy is taught in schools and universities throughout the world He died of cancer May 8 1993 in New York and is buried in Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris His style Edit Nikolais was the first customer for the newly developed Moog synthesizer in 1964 Nikolais employed lights slides electronic music and stage props to create environments through which dancers moved and more important into which they blended Dance Magazine 1968 He would commonly use props with aesthetic as well as functional purposes for instance a traveler moving across the stage would hide a crossing and simultaneously create a volume of motion His production MASKS PROPS and MOBILES was accredited to have created and popularized modern multimedia theater Mazo Joseph although some critics rejected Nikolais work as dance especially when Nikolais transformed the bodies of dancers by covering them in plastic bags that would stretch and change shapes in Noumenon a section from Masks Props and Mobiles 1953 He avoided overused themes like psychosexuality good vs evil or heroes and heroines Instead he chose to move away from the life of the individual and focus on group action He preferred also to develop his own style of movement and not to replicate the moves of previous time periods or other composers He expanded the use of music in dance from being mainly a way of marking time or adding emotional value to create new sounds to add to his new theatrical environments He was the first customer for the newly developed Moog synthesizer in 1964 Nikolais V artistic mandate was for meaning to be conveyed strictly through movement He characterized his stage presentations as decentralizing the dancer so that humans were only one of the theatrical elements on stage Nikolais despised of modern dance s obsession with self 7 Nikolais uses a barefoot dance technique He prefers it for practical reasons viewing the muscular and tactile functions of bare feet as essential to the total body He works to incorporate this into the body design of the dancer s costumes sometimes making the device a primary part of the design concept For example in Discs dancers wore colored aluminum discs on one of their feet In addition to extending a dancer s base and range of balance they also added vertical extension Shape color and material provided both visual and auditory elements In Stratus and Nimbus and Scenario dancers wore sound producing fiberboard circles on their feet altering the dancer movement to create aural effects 4 Nikolais placed great emphasis on sensory experience through which a dancer s dynamic action is conveyed to the audience He emphasized that perception of one area can be emphasized by deliberately blocking out consciousness in other unwanted areas 8 In the 1950s Nikolais used blackface whiteface and colored makeup both to create and prevent sensory blocking manipulating perceptions of race in dances such as Prism and Imago In using makeup in this way he was concerned with design rather than creating character 4 Nikolais used lighting extensively directing light from multiple directions and levels and using it to create shape space and silhouettes He returned to his early work as a musical composer to design his own score for his new dance using electronic tape At the Henry Street Playhouse a seven speaker system was used to play the score from throughout the room giving it dimensions of time and space Combining cast lighting and music with modern dance techniques gained him a world wide reputation for theatrical arts 9 Nikolais received high regards from New York State Council on the Arts Hofstra University Rutgers University Duke University Hunter College and Brigham Young University Nikolais was known amongst colleagues and peers as shy and reserved He allowed his partner Murray Louis to deal with more public affairs preferring to focus on his school and theatre Nikolais was renowned as a master teacher and his pedagogy is taught in schools and universities throughout the world 10 Nikolais referring to his students said Each student is encouraged toward the highest aesthetic values and upon creative fluency and achievement as well as technical skill The job of the teacher is to pursue institute and constantly anticipate the best possible activities coinciding with this idealistic thesis Awards EditIn 1987 Nikolais was awarded the National Medal of Arts bestowed by President Ronald Reagan and the Kennedy Center Honors conferred during a three day round of official Washington events which culminated in a CBS telecast featuring the Nikolais Dance Theater 3 He received the City of Paris highest honor the Grande Medaille de Vermeille de la Ville de Paris as well as medals from Seville Spain Athens Greece and 30 other cities both foreign and national as well as a special citation from New York City s Mayor which he shared with Murray Louis Often referred to as the American Patriarch of French modern dance Nikolais is a knight of France s Legion of Honor and a commander of the Order of Arts and Letters In 2000 he was inducted into the National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame 11 His accolades from the world of arts and letters included the Samuel H Scripps American Dance Festival Award the Capezio Award Circulo Criticos Award Chile Emmy Citation Award Dance Magazine Award 1968 3 the Tiffany Award and the American Dance Guild Award Choreographies EditThe first production by Nikolais after the creation of the Henry Street Settlement Playhouse now Abrons Arts Center was called Kaleidoscope 1953 12 and premiered at the American Dance Festival 1953 Kaleidoscope 12 1953 Masks Props and Mobiles 13 1953 Tensile Involvement 12 1953 Noumenon Mobilus 1955 Noumenon 1960 Totem 13 1963 Imago suite 3 1963 Arcade 1963 Artisan 1964 Sanctum 3 14 1964 Water Studies 1978 Gallery 3 1979 Count Down 13 1980 Mechanical Organ 1982 Dime in the Slot part of Mechanical Organ 1982 Pond 12 1982 Two not yet together 1985 Crucible 1987 BLANK on BLANK Girls Trio MantisArchives EditThe Ohio University Libraries in Athens Ohio is home to the Alwin Nikolais and Murray Louis Dance Collection 15 An archival collection containing films photographs posters awards programs reviews and musical recordings Ohio University also holds the Gladys Bailin papers a student of Nikolais dancer in the Nikolais Dance Company and Distinguished Professor of dance at Ohio University 16 Bibliography EditFrancesca Pedroni Alwin Nikolais Palermo L Epos 2000 ISBN 88 8302 143 6 Dance Theatre of Alwin Nikolais Company Publications Alwin Nikolais and Murray Louis Papers MSS 181 Alden Library Ohio University Mazo Joseph The Nik of Time Dance MagazineJuly 1993 p 28 References Edit a b c d e Connick Judy November 15 2007 Biographical Sketch of Alwin Nikolais The Alwin Nikolais and Murray Louis Dance Collection Ohio University Libraries Archived from the original on July 17 2010 Nikolais Dance Theatre Art Source Management 2006 Archived from the original on 2011 11 12 a b c d e f Escoyne Courtney 2018 04 04 tbt Alwin Nikolais on Inventing Your Own Solutions Dance Magazine Retrieved 2022 03 07 a b c Grauert Ruth E 2009 The Theater of Alwin Nikolais Bearnstow Journal Retrieved 2022 03 07 a b c Kisselgoff Anna 2005 12 17 Savoring the Steps Behind His Dance The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 03 07 Television and the Performing Arts A Handbook and Reference Guide to American Cultural Programming Rose Brain G Greenwood Press New York 1986 P 43 ISBN 0 313 24159 7 Television and the Performing Arts A Handbook and Reference Guide to American Cultural Programing CBS Repertoire Workshop Alwin Nikolais on www books google com Meet the Artists ArtsAlive ca Dance Louis Murray Nikolais Alwin 22 April 2016 The Nikolais Louis Dance Technique A Philosophy and Method of Modern Dance Routledge pp 20 26 ISBN 978 1 134 95573 2 Retrieved 20 July 2022 Correa Jose Guilherme 19 October 2012 Delving Into Terpsichore Territory Clube de Autores Retrieved 20 July 2022 Artsource Management LLC Archived from the original on 2011 11 20 Retrieved 2012 02 21 Hall of Fame National Museum of Dance Archived from the original on 2009 08 15 a b c d Kisselgoff Anna 1984 02 19 Dance Nikolais Troupe in 1953 Kaleidoscope The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 03 07 a b c Alwin Nikolais American Masters PBS 2005 03 12 Retrieved 2022 03 07 Hanlon Khara 2012 03 22 Lady Gaga has Nothing on Nikolais Dance Magazine Retrieved 2022 03 07 Alwin Nikolais and Murray Louis Dance Collection Ohio University www ohio edu Retrieved 2022 03 30 OhioDance Virtual Dance Collection vdc ohiodance org Retrieved 2022 03 30 External links EditNikolais Louis Foundation for Dance Inc Alwin Nikolais Electronic Dance Music at Amazon com http www danceheritage org nikolais html Archival footage of Alberto Del Saz and Peter Kyle in Nikolais s Mechanical Organ performed in 1996 as a part of The Magic of Alwin Nikolais at Jacob s Pillow Dance Festival Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alwin Nikolais amp oldid 1106043695, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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