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Alternative civilian service

October 18, 2023

"Alternative service" redirects here. For the prayer book, see Alternative Service Book.

Alternative civilian service, also called alternative services, civilian service, non-military service, and substitute service, is a form of national service performed in lieu of military conscription for various reasons, such as conscientious objection, inadequate health, or political reasons. Alternative service usually involves some kind of labor.

Definition Edit

Alternative civilian service is service to a government made as a civilian, particularly such service as an option for conscripted persons who are conscientious objectors and object to military service.

Civilian service is usually performed in the service of non-profit governmental bodies or other institutions. For example, in Austria, men drafted for alternative civilian service mainly serve in healthcare facilities and retirement homes, while other countries have a wider variety of possible placements.

Alternative service is often rejected by antimilitarist conscientious objectors, who still regard it as part of the military system. Many argue that it is not inconveniencing the military in any way, and in fact paints them in a good light. Moreover, in the past non-military service has often freed up people for work in the military, or enabled people to return to the military e.g. nursing. Those conscientious objectors who also reject alternative service are known as absolutists or total objectors.

History and human rights Edit

The Twenty Classes was a program used by the Turkish government during World War II to conscript the male non-Turkish minority population mainly consisting of Armenians, Greeks and Jews. The prevailing and widespread point of view on the matter was that, anticipating entry to World War II, Turkey gathered in advance all unreliable non-Turkish men regarded as a potential "fifth column".

Lack of alternative service in Armenia in 2003–2004 was considered to violate freedom of religion by the European Court of Human Rights in 2011.[1]

Countries and regions with mandatory alternative service programmes Edit

Voluntary services as a substitute to mandatory alternative services Edit

Countries that abolished mandatory alternative services Edit

Earlier voluntary services as a substitute to mandatory alternative services Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Radecki, Jacob (January 1, 2013). "Case: Bayatyan v. Armenia". Chicago-Kent Journal of International and Competitive Law. 13 (2).
  2. ^ The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Report). 1993. Chapter 2, Article 59. Retrieved 2022-12-24. A citizen of the Russian Federation shall have the right to replace military service by alternative civilian service in case his convictions or religious belief contradict military service and also in other cases envisaged by the federal law.
  3. ^ . 2021-12-08. Archived from the original on 2021-12-08. Retrieved 2023-02-20.

October 18, 2023
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Alternative service redirects here For the prayer book see Alternative Service Book This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Alternative civilian service news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Alternative civilian service also called alternative services civilian service non military service and substitute service is a form of national service performed in lieu of military conscription for various reasons such as conscientious objection inadequate health or political reasons Alternative service usually involves some kind of labor Contents 1 Definition 2 History and human rights 3 Countries and regions with mandatory alternative service programmes 4 Voluntary services as a substitute to mandatory alternative services 5 Countries that abolished mandatory alternative services 6 Earlier voluntary services as a substitute to mandatory alternative services 7 See also 8 ReferencesDefinition EditAlternative civilian service is service to a government made as a civilian particularly such service as an option for conscripted persons who are conscientious objectors and object to military service Civilian service is usually performed in the service of non profit governmental bodies or other institutions For example in Austria men drafted for alternative civilian service mainly serve in healthcare facilities and retirement homes while other countries have a wider variety of possible placements Alternative service is often rejected by antimilitarist conscientious objectors who still regard it as part of the military system Many argue that it is not inconveniencing the military in any way and in fact paints them in a good light Moreover in the past non military service has often freed up people for work in the military or enabled people to return to the military e g nursing Those conscientious objectors who also reject alternative service are known as absolutists or total objectors History and human rights EditThe Twenty Classes was a program used by the Turkish government during World War II to conscript the male non Turkish minority population mainly consisting of Armenians Greeks and Jews The prevailing and widespread point of view on the matter was that anticipating entry to World War II Turkey gathered in advance all unreliable non Turkish men regarded as a potential fifth column Lack of alternative service in Armenia in 2003 2004 was considered to violate freedom of religion by the European Court of Human Rights in 2011 1 Countries and regions with mandatory alternative service programmes EditAustria Civilian Alternative Service since 1975 Cyprus Estonia Finland Siviilipalvelus established in 1931 Greece Iran Amrieh Israel Sherut Leumi Lithuania Alternatyvioji krasto apsaugos tarnyba Russia Alternative Civilian Service Russian alternativnaya grazhdanskaya sluzhba 2 South Korea Social Service Agent Korean 사회복무요원 Switzerland Swiss Civilian Service since 1992 TaiwanVoluntary services as a substitute to mandatory alternative services EditAustrian Service Abroad instead of Zivildienst in Austria European Voluntary Service instead of mandatory civilian service Austria Voluntary ecological year as a substitute to alternative civilian service in Austria Voluntary social year instead of the mandatory Zivildienst in Austria Servizio Civile Universale instead of Servizio Civile Nazionale in Italy 2005 present day Unarmed service vapenfri tjanst as an alternative to the otherwise mandatory Varnplikt in SwedenCountries that abolished mandatory alternative services EditGermany Zivildienst 1961 2011 Italy Servizio civile 1972 2005 3 Norway Siviltjenesten abolished in 2012 Russian Empire Forestry service Russia Spain Prestacion Social Sustitutoria 1985 2001 United States Alternative Service Program Civilian Public Service Selective Service SystemEarlier voluntary services as a substitute to mandatory alternative services EditAmerican Friends Service Committee established in the United States during World War I International Voluntary Service in the United Kingdom starting in 1939 and during World War II Later abolished as the UK abolished military service See also EditCorvee ancient form of forced non military labor by government similar to alternative civilian service Service Civil InternationalReferences Edit Radecki Jacob January 1 2013 Case Bayatyan v Armenia Chicago Kent Journal of International and Competitive Law 13 2 The Constitution of the Russian Federation Report 1993 Chapter 2 Article 59 Retrieved 2022 12 24 A citizen of the Russian Federation shall have the right to replace military service by alternative civilian service in case his convictions or religious belief contradict military service and also in other cases envisaged by the federal law Cosa e il SC 2021 12 08 Archived from the original on 2021 12 08 Retrieved 2023 02 20 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alternative civilian service amp oldid 1178927904, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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