Almon Brown Strowger
Almon Brown Strowger (February 11, 1839 – May 26, 1902) was an American inventor who gave his name to the Strowger switch, an electromechanical telephone exchange technology that his invention and patent inspired.
Almon Brown Strowger | |
|---|---|
| Born | February 11, 1839 Penfield, New York, United States |
| Died | May 26, 1902 (aged 63) St. Petersburg, Florida, United States |
| Occupation | Inventor |
| Spouse | Susan Strowger |
Early years edit
Strowger was born in Penfield, New York, near Rochester, the grandson of the second settler and first miller in Penfield. Little is known about his early life. It is said that if his mother gave her children a task, Strowger and his brothers would often try to devise a machine to do the task for them. He taught school in Penfield for a time, and served in the 8th New York Volunteer Cavalry during the American Civil War. It is believed[by whom?] that he fought in the Second Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia.
After the Civil War, it appears he first became a country school teacher before he became an undertaker. He is variously attributed as living in El Dorado, Kansas, or Topeka, Kansas, and finally Kansas City, Missouri. It is not clear where his idea of an automatic telephone exchange was originally conceived, but his patent application identifies him as being a resident of Kansas City, Missouri, on March 10, 1891.
Rotary dialing edit
Strowger believed that his undertaking business was losing clients to a competitor who was preventing telephone calls from being routed to him, following his discovery in the newspaper that a friend's funeral was being handled elsewhere.[1] Motivated to remove the intermediary operator, he invented the first automatic telephone exchange in 1889; he received its patent in 1891.[2] It is reported that he initially constructed a model of his invention from a round collar box and some straight pins.[3]
Finances edit
While he may have come up with the idea, he was not alone in his endeavors and sought the assistance of his nephew William and others with a knowledge of electricity and money to realise his concepts. With this help the Strowger Automatic Telephone Exchange Company was formed and it installed and opened the first commercial exchange in (his then home town of) La Porte, Indiana, on November 3, 1892, with about 75 subscribers and capacity for 99. He married Susan A. (1846–1921) from Massachusetts in 1897 as his second wife. Strowger sold his patents to his associates in 1896 for $1,800 (about $59,000 in 2021)[4] and sold his share in the Automatic Electric Company for $10,000 (about $330,000 in 2021)[5] in 1898. His patents were subsequently sold to Bell Systems for $2.5 million in 1916 (about $63,000,000 in 2021).[6]
The company's engineers continued development of Strowger's designs and submitted several patents in the names of its employees. It also underwent several name changes. Strowger himself seems to have not taken part in this further development. He subsequently moved to St. Petersburg, Florida, and appears to have returned to being an undertaker, as H.P. Bussey Funeral Home records report an unidentified body being moved "for Mr. Strowger" in December 1899. The same funeral home subsequently buried Strowger himself. Strowger was a man of some wealth at his death and was reported as owning at least a city block of property.
Death edit
He died, aged 63, of an aneurysm after suffering from anemia, at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County, Florida, and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery the next day. His grave is marked with the traditional white headstone with an inscription that reads: "Lieut. A.B. Strowger, Co. A, 8 NY Cav."
He was survived by his widow Susan A. Strowger (1846–1921). After her death in Tampa, Florida, on April 14, 1921, her obituary appeared in the St. Petersburg Times, claiming she had additional "revolutionary" Strowger designs, but she had refused to make them public while she was alive because only others would profit from her husband's designs. She had claimed that her husband had only received $10,000 for his invention, when he should have received $1,000,000.
Legacy edit
A bronze plaque, to commemorate his invention, was placed on his grave in 1945 by telephone company officials. Strowger was admitted to the hall of fame of the U.S. Independent Telephone Association (now called the USTA) in 1965. Apart from his invention, his name has also been given to a locomotive and a company business award.
In 2003, the Verizon Foundation awarded $4500 to Pinellas Heritage, Inc. and the Pinellas Genealogy Society in Strowger's memory. The funds were used to develop a website to impart the history of the cemetery where Strowger is buried, and to restore two Civil War memorials. The Greenwood Cemetery project won an organization achievement award from the Florida Trust for Historic Preservation.
Patents edit
- U.S. patent 0,447,918 Strowger switch "Automatic Telephone Exchange" March 10, 1891
See also edit
- Rotary dial – Component that allows dialing numbers
- Telephone exchange – Interconnects telephones for calls
References edit
- ^ , Engineering and Technology History Wiki, 2015, archived from the original on January 3, 2017, retrieved February 19, 2017
- ^ , Kansas Historical Society's Kansapedia, 2011, archived from the original on January 14, 2017, retrieved February 19, 2017
- ^ "The Automatic Phone Sprang From a Collar Box". The Kansas City Star. May 27, 1928. p. 71. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ "$1,800 in 1896 → 2021 | Inflation Calculator". www.in2013dollars.com. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ^ "$10,000 in 1898 → 2021 | Inflation Calculator". www.in2013dollars.com. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ^ "$2,500,000 in 1916 → 2021 | Inflation Calculator". www.in2013dollars.com. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
Additional sources edit
- Katherine Wilcox Thompson, "Penfield's Past", 1960, pub. by the Town of Penfield, NY, pp 178–179
- Hill, R. B. (January 1953). "Early Work on Dial Telephone Systems" (PDF). Bell Laboratories Record. XXXI (1): 22–9.
- Hill, R. B. (March 1953). "The Early Years of the Strowger System" (PDF). Bell Laboratories Record. XXXI (3): 95–103.
- Bell Labs, Bell Laboratories Website[when?]
External links edit
- Pinellas Genealogy Society – H.P. Bussey Funeral Home Records – with 2 entries for Strowger, one identified as A.B. Strowger
- Master Cemetery Index, p. 746
- "Mr. Watson. Come Here. I need you.": Bell and the Invention of the Telephone
- BRT Locomotives – Almon B. Strowger
- The Strowger Telecoms Site (UK) with link to 'copyrighted' sounds
- Webpage dedicated to electromechanical telephone switching technologies
- Almon Brown Strowger at Find a Grave
- TCI Library, This is Automatic Electric. 1955.