The General Electric/Allison J33 is an American centrifugal-flowjet engine, a development of the General Electric J31, enlarged to produce significantly greater thrust, starting at 4,000 lbf (18 kN) and ending at 4,600 lbf (20 kN) with an additional low-altitude boost to 5,400 lbf (24 kN) with water-alcohol injection.
The J33 was originally developed by General Electric as a follow-on to their work with the designs of Frank Whittle during World War II. Their first engine was known as the General Electric I-A, but after major changes to adapt it to US production and to increase thrust, it started limited production as the I-16 in 1942, the 16 referring to its 1,600 lbf (7.1 kN) thrust. Full production started as the J31 when the United States Army Air Forces introduced common naming for all their engine projects.
Along with the I-16, GE also started work on an enlarged version, known as the I-40. As the name implied, the engine was designed to provide 4,000 lbf (18 kN). Apart from size, the main difference between I-16 and the I-40 was the combustion system: the I-16 had ten reverse-flow cans, whereas the I-40 had 14 straight-through combustors. The development cycle was remarkably rapid. Design work started in mid-1943 and the first prototype underwent static testing on 13 January 1944.
Lockheed was in the midst of the XP-80 project at the time, originally intending to power their design with a US-produced version of the Halford H-1 of about 3,000 lbf (13 kN). Production of the H-1 by Allis-Chalmers ran into delays, and since the I-40 would dramatically improve performance, plans were made to fit the prototypes with the I-40 instead.
The I-40 became important to the USAAF's plans when the I-16 powered P-59 was skipped over in favor of the I-40 powered P-80 as the US's first production jet fighter. In 1945, the license to actually produce the engine was not given to General Electric, but to Allison instead. Allison, working largely from government-owned wartime factories, could produce the engine in quantity more quickly and cheaply.
By the time the production lines were shut down, Allison had built over 6,600 J33's and General Electric another 300 (mostly the early runs).
A model of the J33 intended for civil use, designated the Allison 400-C4, in 1948 became the first US gas turbine certificated for commercial transport use.[2]
^Dempewolff, Richard F. (June 1958). "Jet "Donkeys" for the Jets". Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines. pp. 72–75.
^ ab"Here and There : U.S. Gas Turbine Approved by C.A.A". Flight and Aircraft Engineer. Llll (2059): 626. 10 June 1948.
^Wilkinson, Paul H. (1953). Aircraft engines of the World 1953 (11th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 52–59.
^ abWilkinson, Paul H. (1957). Aircraft engines of the World 1957 (15th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 65–69.
^ abcWilkinson, Paul H. (1950). Aircraft engines of the World 1950 (11th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 46–47.
^Wilkinson, Paul H. (1949). Aircraft engines of the World 1949 (7th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. p. 47.
^"Engines List". City of Norwich Aviation Museum. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
^Bridgman, Leonard (1955). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1955–56. London: Jane's all the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd.
Further readingedit
Gunston, Bill (1989). World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Patrick Stephens Limited. ISBN978-1-85260-163-8.
Kay, Anthony L. (2007). Turbojet History and Development 1930-1960, Volume 2: USSR, USA, Japan, France, Canada, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Hungary (1st ed.). Ramsbury: The Crowood Press. ISBN978-1861269393.
Wilkinson, Paul H. (1946). Aircraft Engines of the world 1946. London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons. pp. 272–273.
External linksedit
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J33 on LeteckeMotory.cz (cs)
May 07, 2024
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Allison J33 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2012 Learn how and when to remove this message The General Electric Allison J33 is an American centrifugal flow jet engine a development of the General Electric J31 enlarged to produce significantly greater thrust starting at 4 000 lbf 18 kN and ending at 4 600 lbf 20 kN with an additional low altitude boost to 5 400 lbf 24 kN with water alcohol injection J33 Allison J33 turbojet engine on display at Flugausstellung Hermeskeil Type Turbojet Manufacturer General Electric Allison Engine Company First run 1942 Major applications Lockheed P 80 Shooting Star Lockheed T 33 Shooting Star Lockheed F 94A B Starfire SSM N 8 Regulus Developed from General Electric J31 Contents 1 Development 2 Variants 3 Applications 4 Engines on display 5 Specifications Allison J33 A 35 5 1 General characteristics 5 2 Components 5 3 Performance 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksDevelopment editThe J33 was originally developed by General Electric as a follow on to their work with the designs of Frank Whittle during World War II Their first engine was known as the General Electric I A but after major changes to adapt it to US production and to increase thrust it started limited production as the I 16 in 1942 the 16 referring to its 1 600 lbf 7 1 kN thrust Full production started as the J31 when the United States Army Air Forces introduced common naming for all their engine projects Along with the I 16 GE also started work on an enlarged version known as the I 40 As the name implied the engine was designed to provide 4 000 lbf 18 kN Apart from size the main difference between I 16 and the I 40 was the combustion system the I 16 had ten reverse flow cans whereas the I 40 had 14 straight through combustors The development cycle was remarkably rapid Design work started in mid 1943 and the first prototype underwent static testing on 13 January 1944 Lockheed was in the midst of the XP 80 project at the time originally intending to power their design with a US produced version of the Halford H 1 of about 3 000 lbf 13 kN Production of the H 1 by Allis Chalmers ran into delays and since the I 40 would dramatically improve performance plans were made to fit the prototypes with the I 40 instead The I 40 became important to the USAAF s plans when the I 16 powered P 59 was skipped over in favor of the I 40 powered P 80 as the US s first production jet fighter In 1945 the license to actually produce the engine was not given to General Electric but to Allison instead Allison working largely from government owned wartime factories could produce the engine in quantity more quickly and cheaply By the time the production lines were shut down Allison had built over 6 600 J33 s and General Electric another 300 mostly the early runs In 1958 surplus J33s were used in jet donkeys pushing dead loads at 200 knots to test aircraft carrier arresting gear cables and tailhooks at Lakehurst 1 A model of the J33 intended for civil use designated the Allison 400 C4 in 1948 became the first US gas turbine certificated for commercial transport use 2 Variants edit nbsp A J33 at the Finnish Air Force Museum nbsp Allison J33 on display at the Museum of Aviation Robins AFB Data from Aircraft engines of the World 1953 3 Aircraft engines of the World 1957 4 Aircraft engines of the World 1953 5 J33 A 4 similar to 21 without water injection 6 J33 A 6 4 600 lbf 20 kN United States Navy USN J33 A 8 4 600 lbf 20 kN USN J33 A 10 4 600 lbf 20 kN USN Used as mixed propulsion engine system with P amp W R 4360 on Martin P4M 5 J33 A 14 A short life engine powering the Chance Vought Regulus 4 600 lbf 20 46 kN thrust J33 A 16 Similar to the 16A 5 850 lbf 26 02 kN J33 A 16A Powering the Grumman F9F 7 5 400 lbf 24 02 kN thrust J33 A 17 similar to 21 without water injection J33 A 17A J33 A 18A A short life engine powering the Chance Vought Regulus J33 A 20 J33 A 21 4 500 lbf 20 02 kN thrust J33 A 22 Powering the Lockheed T2V 1 with bleed air for boundary layer control J33 A 23 similar to 35 4 600 lbf 20 46 kN thrust J33 A 24 6 100 lbf 27 13 kN thrust powers the Lockheed T2V J33 A 24A 6 100 lbf 27 13 kN thrust powers the Lockheed T2V J33 A 25 similar to 35 J33 A 27 United States Air Force USAF similar to the 16A J33 A 29 8 200 lbf 36 48 kN re heat thrust J33 A 31 similar to 35 J33 A 33 6 000 lbf 26 69 kN re heat thrust 5 J33 A 35 4 600 lbf 20 46 kN thrust 5 400 lbf 24 02 kN with water alcohol injection powers the Lockheed T2V and Lockheed T 33 J33 A 37 A short life engine powering the Martin Matador 4 600 lbf 20 46 kN thrust Model 400 C4 Company designation for commercial use similar to J33 A 21 2 Model 400 C5 Company designation of J33 A 23 Model 400 C13 Company designation of the 35 Model 400 D9 Company designation of the 33Applications editConvair XF 92 Lockheed P 80 Shooting Star Lockheed T 33 Shooting Star Lockheed F 94A F 94B Starfire Lockheed T2V SeaStar North American AJ Savage Martin P4M Mercator Martin MGM 1 Matador Martin MGM 13 Mace Vought SSM N 8 RegulusEngines on display editA J33 is on public display at the City of Norwich Aviation Museum in Horsham St Faith Norfolk 7 Specifications Allison J33 A 35 editData from Jane s all the World s Aircraft 1955 56 and Aircraft engines of the World 1957 8 4 General characteristics Type centrifugal compressor turbojet with water injection Length 107 in 271 8 cm Diameter 50 5 in 128 3 cm Dry weight 1 820 lb 830 kg Components Compressor single stage double sided centrifugal compressor Combustors 14 can type stainless steel combustion chambers Turbine single stage axial Fuel type JP 4 Kerosene AN F 32 or 100 130 gasoline Oil system wet sump pressure spray at 42 psi 2 9 bar Performance Maximum thrust 4 600 lbf 20 kN static dry at 11 750 rpm at sea level for take off Take off thrust static wet 5 400 lbf 24 kN at 11 750 rpm at sea level Normal thrust static 3 900 lbf 17 kN at 11 000 rpm at sea level dd dd dd Overall pressure ratio 4 4 1 Air mass flow 90 lb s 41 kg s at 11 750 rpm Turbine inlet temperature TIT 1 116 15 K 1 549 F 843 C JPT 958 15 K 1 265 F 685 C Specific fuel consumption 1 12 lb lbf h 32 g kN s Thrust to weight ratio 2 53See also editRelated development General Electric J31 Comparable engines de Havilland Ghost Rolls Royce Derwent Related lists List of aircraft enginesReferences edit Dempewolff Richard F June 1958 Jet Donkeys for the Jets Popular Mechanics Hearst Magazines pp 72 75 a b Here and There U S Gas Turbine Approved by C A A Flight and Aircraft Engineer Llll 2059 626 10 June 1948 Wilkinson Paul H 1953 Aircraft engines of the World 1953 11th ed London Sir Isaac Pitman amp Sons Ltd pp 52 59 a b Wilkinson Paul H 1957 Aircraft engines of the World 1957 15th ed London Sir Isaac Pitman amp Sons Ltd pp 65 69 a b c Wilkinson Paul H 1950 Aircraft engines of the World 1950 11th ed London Sir Isaac Pitman amp Sons Ltd pp 46 47 Wilkinson Paul H 1949 Aircraft engines of the World 1949 7th ed London Sir Isaac Pitman amp Sons Ltd p 47 Engines List City of Norwich Aviation Museum Retrieved 29 August 2023 Bridgman Leonard 1955 Jane s all the World s Aircraft 1955 56 London Jane s all the World s Aircraft Publishing Co Ltd Further reading editGunston Bill 1989 World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines 2nd ed Cambridge England Patrick Stephens Limited ISBN 978 1 85260 163 8 Kay Anthony L 2007 Turbojet History and Development 1930 1960 Volume 2 USSR USA Japan France Canada Sweden Switzerland Italy and Hungary 1st ed Ramsbury The Crowood Press ISBN 978 1861269393 Wilkinson Paul H 1946 Aircraft Engines of the world 1946 London Sir Isaac Pitman amp Sons pp 272 273 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Allison J33 J33 on LeteckeMotory cz cs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Allison J33 amp oldid 1193371479, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
