ʿAlī Ḥaydar, the son of Sharif ʿAlī Jābir Pāshā, was born in April 1866 in a yalı belonging to his grandfather, Sharif ‘Abd al-Muttalib, formerly Emir of Mecca, in the Kanlıca neighborhood of Istanbul (Constantinople).[1] He was an Arab, a member of the Dhawu Zayd, a clan of the Banu Qatada tribe. In 1879 ‘Abd al-Muttalib was appointed Emir of Mecca for the third time and ʿAlī Ḥaydar was sent as a hostage to Istanbul, where he eventually settled in the Çamlıca Hill district.[2] In 1887 he was made a member of the Council of State with the rank of bala.[1]
ʿAlī Ḥaydar's first wife was Sabiha Hanım, a Turkish woman. With her he had one daughter, Şerife Nimet Hanım, and three sons. Their eldest son was Sharif Damat Muhammed Abdülmecid Beyefendi, educated in Britain, who married the Ottoman princess Rukiye Sultan, a daughter of Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin, son of Murad V. Their second son, Şerif Muhiddin Targan, became a musician and married Safiye Ayla. Their third son was Şerif Muhammed Emin Bey.
ʿAlī Ḥaydar's second wife was an Irishwoman, Isobel Duncan, who converted to Islam and took the name Fatima.[3] She bore him two daughters Şerife Süfeyme Hanım and Şerife Musbah Hanım and one son Şerif Faisal Bey. Ḥaydar was widely considered an anglophile before the war; he was also a pan-Islamist with close ties to Indian Muslims. In 1908, he was passed over for the Emirate and it was instead given to Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, who was older but belonged to the junior Dhawu Awn clan of the Banu Qatada. Ḥaydar, who was considered a liberal on good terms with the Committee of Union and Progress government, was infuriated.[2]
In Istanbul, he served for many years as the naqib al-ashraf, representative of the Hejazi clans.[4] He served as Minister of Waqfs (charitable endowments) from January 1910 in the cabinet of Grand Vizier Ibrahim Hakki Pasha, but he resigned after some time and was replaced by Mustafa Hayri Bey.[1] He also sat for a time in the Imperial Senate.[4] In 1911 the President of the Senate Mehmed Said Pasha was appointed Grand Vizier. Vice-President of the Senate Ahmed Muhtar Pasha was appointed President and ʿAlī Ḥaydar was appointed Vice-President.[1] Most of his descendants live in Turkey and took the surname Targan after the Surname Law.
Life in Medina during World War I
There were rumours upon the Ottoman entry into the world war (1914) that Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī would be replaced by Ḥaydar, but nothing happened for two years. On 10 June 1916, Ḥusayn openly rebelled. Within days, the Grand Vizier Said Halim Pasha had invited ʿAlī Ḥaydar by telegram to replace Ḥusayn and the Minister of the Interior, Talaat Pasha, had visited him at his home to confirm the offer. According to his own account, Ḥaydar reminded Said Halim of their families' intertwined history: "The fall of my own family and the rise of the Aoun,[b] to which Ḥusayn belongs, was entirely due to Mohammed Ali.[c] You are his grandson and I am the great-grandson of Sherif Ghalib whom he deposed.[d] Now God has given you the opportunity to rectify and redeem the crime of your grandfather."[5] In June, Ḥaydar's agent in Jeddah, Ahmed el-Hezazi, was arrested and his house looted by orders of Ḥusayn.[4]
On 2 July 1916, Ḥusayn was formally dismissed as emir of Mecca and on 16 July, Sultan Mehmed V issued an iradé appointing ʿAlī Ḥaydar in his place. On 19 July, ʿAlī Ḥaydar was seen off at the Haydarpaşa railway station by the entire cabinet and the future sultan Mehmed VI. Accompanied by a ceremonial guard of 300 infantry and 25 cavalry, he took a train to Damascus, where he was welcomed by Djemal Pasha. Djemal, who distrusted him, attached Nureddin Bey to his retinue with instructions to kill Ḥaydar if he tried to contact the British. On 29 July, Ḥaydar's party left Damascus; it arrived in Medina, which was being held by Fakhri Pasha against the rebels, on 1 August.[5] On 9 August, Ḥaydar issued a proclamation in response to Ḥusayn's earlier publicly circulated letter:[6]
The enemy has invaded Egypt, the Sudan and India, Yemen, Ahkaf, Oman and vicinity, and this time he made an attempt on Basra. [...] El Sherif Hessein leagues himself with that enemy, and is now trying to place the House of God, the Kibla of Islam, and the tomb of the prophet, under the protection of a Christian Government, at war with the Turkish Government. and doing what it can to subjugate all Moslem nations [...]
The British translated it and published it in their intelligence bulletin, but its publication in India and Egypt was forbidden.[6] Ḥaydar meanwhile secured the allegiance of the tribes around Medina by bribery.[7]
After the Ottoman forces almost captured Mecca in August 1916, they settled down to a siege in Medina. In March 1917 the government ordered the troops withdrawn, but Fakhri Pasha convinced Ḥaydar to get the order revoked. Ḥaydar himself left Medina for Damascus that month.[8] He continued to hold the title Emir of Mecca until the office was abolished by imperial decree in 1919.[1]
Notes
^When diacritics are undesired, his name may be written Ali Haidar Pasha.
Baker, Randall (1979). King Husain and the Kingdom of Hejaz. New York: Oleander Press.
Hogarth, David George (1978) [1917]. Hejaz Before World War I: A Handbook (2nd ed.). New York: Oleander Press.
Mohs, Polly A. (2008). Military Intelligence and the Arab Revolt: The First Modern Intelligence War. Oxford: Routledge.
Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı (2003). اشراف مكة المكرمة وامراؤها في العهد العثماني [Ashrāf Makkat al-Mukarramah wa-umarāʼuhā fī al-ʻahd al-ʻUthmānī] (in Arabic) (1st ed.). Beirut: al-Dār al-ʻArabīyah lil-Mawsūʻāt. Translated from the Turkish Mekke-i mükerreme emirleri (1972) by Khalīl ʻAlī Murād.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
ʻAlī Haydar ibn Jābir ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib ibn Ghālib
haidar, pasha, ʿalī, Ḥaydar, pāshā, jābir, ottoman, turkish, علی, حیدر, پاشا, بن, جابر, arabic, علي, حيدر, باشا, ʿalī, Ḥaydar, bāshā, april, 1866, 1935, ottoman, politician, served, emir, grand, sharif, mecca, from, 1916, 1917, during, arab, revolt, first, wor. ʿAli Ḥaydar Pasha ibn Jabir a Ottoman Turkish علی حیدر پاشا بن جابر Arabic علي حيدر باشا ʿAli Ḥaydar Basha April 1866 12 May 1935 was an Ottoman politician who served as Emir and Grand Sharif of Mecca from 1916 to 1917 during the Arab Revolt and the First World War Contents 1 Life in Istanbul to 1914 2 Life in Medina during World War I 3 Notes 4 Citations 5 SourcesLife in Istanbul to 1914 EditʿAli Ḥaydar the son of Sharif ʿAli Jabir Pasha was born in April 1866 in a yali belonging to his grandfather Sharif Abd al Muttalib formerly Emir of Mecca in the Kanlica neighborhood of Istanbul Constantinople 1 He was an Arab a member of the Dhawu Zayd a clan of the Banu Qatada tribe In 1879 Abd al Muttalib was appointed Emir of Mecca for the third time and ʿAli Ḥaydar was sent as a hostage to Istanbul where he eventually settled in the Camlica Hill district 2 In 1887 he was made a member of the Council of State with the rank of bala 1 ʿAli Ḥaydar s first wife was Sabiha Hanim a Turkish woman With her he had one daughter Serife Nimet Hanim and three sons Their eldest son was Sharif Damat Muhammed Abdulmecid Beyefendi educated in Britain who married the Ottoman princess Rukiye Sultan a daughter of Sehzade Mehmed Selaheddin son of Murad V Their second son Serif Muhiddin Targan became a musician and married Safiye Ayla Their third son was Serif Muhammed Emin Bey ʿAli Ḥaydar s second wife was an Irishwoman Isobel Duncan who converted to Islam and took the name Fatima 3 She bore him two daughters Serife Sufeyme Hanim and Serife Musbah Hanim and one son Serif Faisal Bey Ḥaydar was widely considered an anglophile before the war he was also a pan Islamist with close ties to Indian Muslims In 1908 he was passed over for the Emirate and it was instead given to Ḥusayn ibn ʿAli who was older but belonged to the junior Dhawu Awn clan of the Banu Qatada Ḥaydar who was considered a liberal on good terms with the Committee of Union and Progress government was infuriated 2 In Istanbul he served for many years as the naqib al ashraf representative of the Hejazi clans 4 He served as Minister of Waqfs charitable endowments from January 1910 in the cabinet of Grand Vizier Ibrahim Hakki Pasha but he resigned after some time and was replaced by Mustafa Hayri Bey 1 He also sat for a time in the Imperial Senate 4 In 1911 the President of the Senate Mehmed Said Pasha was appointed Grand Vizier Vice President of the Senate Ahmed Muhtar Pasha was appointed President and ʿAli Ḥaydar was appointed Vice President 1 Most of his descendants live in Turkey and took the surname Targan after the Surname Law Life in Medina during World War I EditThere were rumours upon the Ottoman entry into the world war 1914 that Ḥusayn ibn ʿAli would be replaced by Ḥaydar but nothing happened for two years On 10 June 1916 Ḥusayn openly rebelled Within days the Grand Vizier Said Halim Pasha had invited ʿAli Ḥaydar by telegram to replace Ḥusayn and the Minister of the Interior Talaat Pasha had visited him at his home to confirm the offer According to his own account Ḥaydar reminded Said Halim of their families intertwined history The fall of my own family and the rise of the Aoun b to which Ḥusayn belongs was entirely due to Mohammed Ali c You are his grandson and I am the great grandson of Sherif Ghalib whom he deposed d Now God has given you the opportunity to rectify and redeem the crime of your grandfather 5 In June Ḥaydar s agent in Jeddah Ahmed el Hezazi was arrested and his house looted by orders of Ḥusayn 4 On 2 July 1916 Ḥusayn was formally dismissed as emir of Mecca and on 16 July Sultan Mehmed V issued an irade appointing ʿAli Ḥaydar in his place On 19 July ʿAli Ḥaydar was seen off at the Haydarpasa railway station by the entire cabinet and the future sultan Mehmed VI Accompanied by a ceremonial guard of 300 infantry and 25 cavalry he took a train to Damascus where he was welcomed by Djemal Pasha Djemal who distrusted him attached Nureddin Bey to his retinue with instructions to kill Ḥaydar if he tried to contact the British On 29 July Ḥaydar s party left Damascus it arrived in Medina which was being held by Fakhri Pasha against the rebels on 1 August 5 On 9 August Ḥaydar issued a proclamation in response to Ḥusayn s earlier publicly circulated letter 6 The enemy has invaded Egypt the Sudan and India Yemen Ahkaf Oman and vicinity and this time he made an attempt on Basra El Sherif Hessein leagues himself with that enemy and is now trying to place the House of God the Kibla of Islam and the tomb of the prophet under the protection of a Christian Government at war with the Turkish Government and doing what it can to subjugate all Moslem nations The British translated it and published it in their intelligence bulletin but its publication in India and Egypt was forbidden 6 Ḥaydar meanwhile secured the allegiance of the tribes around Medina by bribery 7 After the Ottoman forces almost captured Mecca in August 1916 they settled down to a siege in Medina In March 1917 the government ordered the troops withdrawn but Fakhri Pasha convinced Ḥaydar to get the order revoked Ḥaydar himself left Medina for Damascus that month 8 He continued to hold the title Emir of Mecca until the office was abolished by imperial decree in 1919 1 Notes Edit When diacritics are undesired his name may be written Ali Haidar Pasha The Aoun branch of the Banu Hashim Muhammad Ali Pasha was the first khedive of Egypt Ghalib Efendi was deposed in 1827 Citations Edit a b c d e Uzuncarsili 2003 pp 233 35 a b Baker 1979 p 15 Baker 1979 p 11 a b c Hogarth 1978 pp 56 57 a b Baker 1979 pp 111 13 a b Mohs 2008 p 61 Mohs 2008 p 64 Mohs 2008 p 128 Sources EditBaker Randall 1979 King Husain and the Kingdom of Hejaz New York Oleander Press Hogarth David George 1978 1917 Hejaz Before World War I A Handbook 2nd ed New York Oleander Press Mohs Polly A 2008 Military Intelligence and the Arab Revolt The First Modern Intelligence War Oxford Routledge Uzuncarsili Ismail Hakki 2003 اشراف مكة المكرمة وامراؤها في العهد العثماني Ashraf Makkat al Mukarramah wa umaraʼuha fi al ʻahd al ʻUthmani in Arabic 1st ed Beirut al Dar al ʻArabiyah lil Mawsuʻat Translated from the Turkish Mekke i mukerreme emirleri 1972 by Khalil ʻAli Murad a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint postscript link ʻAli Haydar ibn Jabir ibn Abd al Muttalib ibn GhalibDhawu ZaydBranch of Banu QatadahBorn 15 December 1866 Died 12 May 1935Political officesPreceded byAhmed Muhtar Pasha Vice President of the Senate1911 Succeeded by Preceded by Minister of Waqfs1910 1910 1911 Succeeded byMustafa Hayri BeyPreceded byḤusayn ibn ʿAli TITULAR Sharif and Emir of Mecca16 July 1916 1919Reason for succession failure Arab revolt Office abolished Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ali Haidar Pasha amp oldid 1140417709, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
