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Alcohol and breast cancer

January 01, 1970

The relationship between alcohol and breast cancer is clear: drinking alcoholic beverages, including wine, beer, or liquor, is a risk factor for breast cancer, as well as some other forms of cancer.[1][2][3][4] Drinking alcohol causes more than 100,000 cases of breast cancer worldwide every year.[3] Globally, almost one in 10 cases of breast cancer is caused by women drinking alcoholic beverages.[3] Drinking alcoholic beverages is among the most common modifiable risk factors.[5]

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has declared that there is sufficient scientific evidence to classify alcoholic beverages a Group 1 carcinogen that causes breast cancer in women.[2] Group 1 carcinogens are the substances with the clearest scientific evidence that they cause cancer, such as smoking tobacco.

A woman drinking an average of two units of alcohol per day has 13% higher risk of developing breast cancer than a woman who drinks an average of one unit of alcohol per day.[6] Even light consumption of alcohol – one to three drinks per week – increases the risk of breast cancer.[3]

Heavy drinkers are also more likely to die from breast cancer than non-drinkers and light drinkers.[3][7] Also, the more alcohol a woman consumes, the more likely she is to be diagnosed with a recurrence after initial treatment.[7]

Mechanism edit

The mechanisms of increased breast cancer risk by alcohol are not clear, and may be:

  • Increased estrogen and androgen levels[8]
  • Enhanced mammary gland susceptibility to carcinogenics[8]
  • Increased mammary DNA damage[8]
  • Greater metastatic potential of breast cancer cells[8]

Their magnitude likely depends on the amount of alcohol consumed.[8]

Susceptibility to the breast cancer risk of alcohol may also be increased by other dietary factors (e.g. folate deficiency), lifestyle habits (including use of hormone replacement therapy), or biological characteristics (e.g. as hormone receptor expression in tumor cells).[8]

Light and moderate drinking edit

 
All types of alcoholic beverages, including beer, wine, or liquor, cause breast cancer.

Drinking alcoholic beverages increases the risk of breast cancer, even among very light drinkers (women drinking less than half of one alcoholic drink per day).[6] The risk is highest among heavy drinkers.[9]

Light drinking is one to three alcoholic drinks per week, and moderate drinking is about one drink per day. Both light and moderate drinking is associated with a higher risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer.[3][10] However, the increased risk caused by light drinking is smaller than the risk for heavy drinking.[11]

In daughters of drinking mothers edit

Studies suggest that drinking alcohol during pregnancy may affect the likelihood of breast cancer in daughters. "For women who are pregnant, ingestion of alcohol, even in moderation, may lead to elevated circulating oestradiol levels, either through a reduction of melatonin or some other mechanism. This may then affect the developing mammary tissue such that the lifetime risk of breast cancer is raised in their daughters."[12]

Recurrence edit

Drinking or not drinking alcohol does not solely determine whether breast cancer will recur after treatment.[7] However, the more a woman drinks, the more likely the cancer is to recur.[7]

In men edit

In men, breast cancer is rare, with an incidence of fewer than one case per 100,000 men.[13] Population studies have returned mixed results about excessive consumption of alcohol as a risk factor. One study suggests that alcohol consumption may increase risk at a rate of 16% per 10 g daily alcohol consumption.[14] Others have shown no effect at all, though these studies had small populations of alcoholics.[15]

Epidemiology edit

Worldwide, alcohol consumption causes approximately 144,000 women to be diagnosed with breast cancer each year.[3] Approximately 38,000 women die from alcohol-induced breast cancer each year.[3] About 80% of these women were heavy or moderate drinkers.[3]

References edit

  1. ^ Hayes J, Richardson A, Frampton C (November 2013). "Population attributable risks for modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer in New Zealand women". Internal Medicine Journal. 43 (11): 1198–1204. doi:10.1111/imj.12256. ISSN 1445-5994. PMID 23910051. S2CID 23237732.
  2. ^ a b Alcohol consumption and ethyl carbamate International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (2007: Lyon, France) ISBN 9789283212966
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Shield KD, Soerjomataram I, Rehm J (June 2016). "Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer: A Critical Review". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 40 (6): 1166–1181. doi:10.1111/acer.13071. ISSN 1530-0277. PMID 27130687.
  4. ^ Starek-Świechowicz B, Budziszewska B, Starek A (2022). "Alcohol and breast cancer". Pharmacological Reports: PR. 75 (1): 69–84. doi:10.1007/s43440-022-00426-4. ISSN 2299-5684. PMC 9889462. PMID 36310188.
  5. ^ McDonald JA, Goyal A, Terry MB (September 2013). "Alcohol Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: Weighing the Overall Evidence". Current Breast Cancer Reports. 5 (3): 208–221. doi:10.1007/s12609-013-0114-z. PMC 3832299. PMID 24265860.
  6. ^ a b Choi YJ, Myung SK, Lee JH (22 May 2017). "Light Alcohol Drinking and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies". Cancer Research and Treatment. 50 (2): 474–487. doi:10.4143/crt.2017.094. ISSN 2005-9256. PMC 5912140. PMID 28546524.
  7. ^ a b c d Gou YJ, Xie DX, Yang KH, Liu YL, Zhang JH, Li B, He XD (2013). "Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer Survival: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 14 (8): 4785–90. doi:10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.8.4785. PMID 24083744. Although our meta-analysis showed alcohol drinking was not associated with increased breast cancer mortality and recurrence, there seemed to be a dose-response relationship of alcohol consumption with breast cancer mortality and recurrence and alcohol consumption of >20 g/d was associated with increased breast cancer mortality.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Singletary KW, Gapstur SM (2001). "Alcohol and breast cancer: review of epidemiologic and experimental evidence and potential mechanisms". JAMA. 286 (17): 2143–51. doi:10.1001/jama.286.17.2143. PMID 11694156. S2CID 24160307.
  9. ^ Shield KD, Soerjomataram I, Rehm J (June 2016). "Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer: A Critical Review". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 40 (6): 1166–81. doi:10.1111/acer.13071. PMID 27130687. All levels of evidence showed a risk relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer, even at low levels of consumption.
  10. ^ Zhang SM, Lee IM, Manson JE, Cook NR, Willett WC, Buring JE (March 2007). "Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Study". Am J Epidemiol. 165 (6): 667–76. doi:10.1093/aje/kwk054. PMID 17204515.
  11. ^ Pelucchi C, Tramacere I, Boffetta P, Negri E, La Vecchia C (24 August 2011). "Alcohol Consumption and Cancer Risk". Nutrition and Cancer. 63 (7): 983–990. doi:10.1080/01635581.2011.596642. ISSN 0163-5581. PMID 21864055. S2CID 21395211.
  12. ^ Stevens RG, Hilakivi-Clarke L (2001). "Alcohol exposure in utero and breast cancer risk later in life". Alcohol and Alcoholism. 36 (3): 276–7. doi:10.1093/alcalc/36.3.276. PMID 11373268.
  13. ^ Male Breast Cancer
  14. ^ Guénel P, Cyr D, Sabroe S, Lynge E, Merletti F, Ahrens W, Baumgardt-Elms C, Ménégoz F, Olsson H, Paulsen S, Simonato L, Wingren G (August 2004). "Alcohol drinking may increase risk of breast cancer in men: a European population-based case-control study". Cancer Causes & Control. 15 (6): 571–580. doi:10.1023/B:CACO.0000036154.18162.43. ISSN 0957-5243. PMID 15280636. S2CID 23750821.
  15. ^ Brinton A, Richesson A, Gierach L, Lacey Jr R, Park Y, Hollenbeck R, Schatzkin A (October 2008). "Prospective evaluation of risk factors for male breast cancer". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 100 (20): 1477–1481. doi:10.1093/jnci/djn329. ISSN 0027-8874. PMC 2720728. PMID 18840816.

External links edit

  • UK: Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products
  • UK: Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products

January 01, 1970
alcohol, breast, cancer, relationship, between, alcohol, breast, cancer, clear, drinking, alcoholic, beverages, including, wine, beer, liquor, risk, factor, breast, cancer, well, some, other, forms, cancer, drinking, alcohol, causes, more, than, cases, breast,. The relationship between alcohol and breast cancer is clear drinking alcoholic beverages including wine beer or liquor is a risk factor for breast cancer as well as some other forms of cancer 1 2 3 4 Drinking alcohol causes more than 100 000 cases of breast cancer worldwide every year 3 Globally almost one in 10 cases of breast cancer is caused by women drinking alcoholic beverages 3 Drinking alcoholic beverages is among the most common modifiable risk factors 5 The International Agency for Research on Cancer has declared that there is sufficient scientific evidence to classify alcoholic beverages a Group 1 carcinogen that causes breast cancer in women 2 Group 1 carcinogens are the substances with the clearest scientific evidence that they cause cancer such as smoking tobacco A woman drinking an average of two units of alcohol per day has 13 higher risk of developing breast cancer than a woman who drinks an average of one unit of alcohol per day 6 Even light consumption of alcohol one to three drinks per week increases the risk of breast cancer 3 Heavy drinkers are also more likely to die from breast cancer than non drinkers and light drinkers 3 7 Also the more alcohol a woman consumes the more likely she is to be diagnosed with a recurrence after initial treatment 7 Contents 1 Mechanism 2 Light and moderate drinking 3 In daughters of drinking mothers 4 Recurrence 5 In men 6 Epidemiology 7 References 8 External linksMechanism editThe mechanisms of increased breast cancer risk by alcohol are not clear and may be Increased estrogen and androgen levels 8 Enhanced mammary gland susceptibility to carcinogenics 8 Increased mammary DNA damage 8 Greater metastatic potential of breast cancer cells 8 Their magnitude likely depends on the amount of alcohol consumed 8 Susceptibility to the breast cancer risk of alcohol may also be increased by other dietary factors e g folate deficiency lifestyle habits including use of hormone replacement therapy or biological characteristics e g as hormone receptor expression in tumor cells 8 Light and moderate drinking edit nbsp All types of alcoholic beverages including beer wine or liquor cause breast cancer Drinking alcoholic beverages increases the risk of breast cancer even among very light drinkers women drinking less than half of one alcoholic drink per day 6 The risk is highest among heavy drinkers 9 Light drinking is one to three alcoholic drinks per week and moderate drinking is about one drink per day Both light and moderate drinking is associated with a higher risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer 3 10 However the increased risk caused by light drinking is smaller than the risk for heavy drinking 11 In daughters of drinking mothers editStudies suggest that drinking alcohol during pregnancy may affect the likelihood of breast cancer in daughters For women who are pregnant ingestion of alcohol even in moderation may lead to elevated circulating oestradiol levels either through a reduction of melatonin or some other mechanism This may then affect the developing mammary tissue such that the lifetime risk of breast cancer is raised in their daughters 12 Recurrence editDrinking or not drinking alcohol does not solely determine whether breast cancer will recur after treatment 7 However the more a woman drinks the more likely the cancer is to recur 7 In men editIn men breast cancer is rare with an incidence of fewer than one case per 100 000 men 13 Population studies have returned mixed results about excessive consumption of alcohol as a risk factor One study suggests that alcohol consumption may increase risk at a rate of 16 per 10 g daily alcohol consumption 14 Others have shown no effect at all though these studies had small populations of alcoholics 15 Epidemiology editWorldwide alcohol consumption causes approximately 144 000 women to be diagnosed with breast cancer each year 3 Approximately 38 000 women die from alcohol induced breast cancer each year 3 About 80 of these women were heavy or moderate drinkers 3 References edit Hayes J Richardson A Frampton C November 2013 Population attributable risks for modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer in New Zealand women Internal Medicine Journal 43 11 1198 1204 doi 10 1111 imj 12256 ISSN 1445 5994 PMID 23910051 S2CID 23237732 a b Alcohol consumption and ethyl carbamate International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 2007 Lyon France ISBN 9789283212966 a b c d e f g h i Shield KD Soerjomataram I Rehm J June 2016 Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer A Critical Review Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research 40 6 1166 1181 doi 10 1111 acer 13071 ISSN 1530 0277 PMID 27130687 Starek Swiechowicz B Budziszewska B Starek A 2022 Alcohol and breast cancer Pharmacological Reports PR 75 1 69 84 doi 10 1007 s43440 022 00426 4 ISSN 2299 5684 PMC 9889462 PMID 36310188 McDonald JA Goyal A Terry MB September 2013 Alcohol Intake and Breast Cancer Risk Weighing the Overall Evidence Current Breast Cancer Reports 5 3 208 221 doi 10 1007 s12609 013 0114 z PMC 3832299 PMID 24265860 a b Choi YJ Myung SK Lee JH 22 May 2017 Light Alcohol Drinking and Risk of Cancer A Meta Analysis of Cohort Studies Cancer Research and Treatment 50 2 474 487 doi 10 4143 crt 2017 094 ISSN 2005 9256 PMC 5912140 PMID 28546524 a b c d Gou YJ Xie DX Yang KH Liu YL Zhang JH Li B He XD 2013 Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer Survival A Meta analysis of Cohort Studies Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 14 8 4785 90 doi 10 7314 APJCP 2013 14 8 4785 PMID 24083744 Although our meta analysis showed alcohol drinking was not associated with increased breast cancer mortality and recurrence there seemed to be a dose response relationship of alcohol consumption with breast cancer mortality and recurrence and alcohol consumption of gt 20 g d was associated with increased breast cancer mortality a b c d e f Singletary KW Gapstur SM 2001 Alcohol and breast cancer review of epidemiologic and experimental evidence and potential mechanisms JAMA 286 17 2143 51 doi 10 1001 jama 286 17 2143 PMID 11694156 S2CID 24160307 Shield KD Soerjomataram I Rehm J June 2016 Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer A Critical Review Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research 40 6 1166 81 doi 10 1111 acer 13071 PMID 27130687 All levels of evidence showed a risk relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer even at low levels of consumption Zhang SM Lee IM Manson JE Cook NR Willett WC Buring JE March 2007 Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in the Women s Health Study Am J Epidemiol 165 6 667 76 doi 10 1093 aje kwk054 PMID 17204515 Pelucchi C Tramacere I Boffetta P Negri E La Vecchia C 24 August 2011 Alcohol Consumption and Cancer Risk Nutrition and Cancer 63 7 983 990 doi 10 1080 01635581 2011 596642 ISSN 0163 5581 PMID 21864055 S2CID 21395211 Stevens RG Hilakivi Clarke L 2001 Alcohol exposure in utero and breast cancer risk later in life Alcohol and Alcoholism 36 3 276 7 doi 10 1093 alcalc 36 3 276 PMID 11373268 Male Breast Cancer Guenel P Cyr D Sabroe S Lynge E Merletti F Ahrens W Baumgardt Elms C Menegoz F Olsson H Paulsen S Simonato L Wingren G August 2004 Alcohol drinking may increase risk of breast cancer in men a European population based case control study Cancer Causes amp Control 15 6 571 580 doi 10 1023 B CACO 0000036154 18162 43 ISSN 0957 5243 PMID 15280636 S2CID 23750821 Brinton A Richesson A Gierach L Lacey Jr R Park Y Hollenbeck R Schatzkin A October 2008 Prospective evaluation of risk factors for male breast cancer Journal of the National Cancer Institute 100 20 1477 1481 doi 10 1093 jnci djn329 ISSN 0027 8874 PMC 2720728 PMID 18840816 External links editUK Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food Consumer Products Consumption of alcoholic beverages and risk of breast cancer UK Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food Consumer Products Evidence for association between consumption of alcoholic beverages and breast cancer Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alcohol and breast cancer amp oldid 1198569676, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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