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Tankiziyya

August 29, 2023

The at-Tankiziyya (al-Tankiziyya,[N 1] Arabic: التنكزية, "the Tankiziyya") is a historic building in Jerusalem that included a madrasa.[N 2] It is part of the west wall of the al-Aqsa Compound. It is also known as the Maḥkama building.

The school, as seen from inside the al-Aqsa Compound

History Edit

Mamluk period Edit

The building was created in 1328–1330, funded through a waqf (charitable endowment) by Tankiz, a Baḥrite Mamlūk viceroy and emir.[1][2] And the name Tankiziyya commemorates him (Tankiz with the nisba suffix). The endowment also included revenues from several urban businesses and Palestinian villages, such as Ayn Qinya.[3][4]

The Tankiziyya served three main purposes: a madrasa, a school for the muḥaddithūn (experts in hadith), and a home for a community of Sufis. There were a set of rules regulating when and where each of the three separate groups would meet for daily recitations of the Qur'an and prayers for Tankiz, his descendants and the ruling sultan.[5] The building also included a library, a khanqah and a school for orphans.[6][4]

Late Ottoman & Mandate periods Edit

It became the Mahkamah (Mahkameh, Mehkemeh) (المحكمة, al-Maḥkama / Maḥkame, 'law court'), because it housed a sharia court (al-maḥkama al-sharʿiyya) from the 19th century to the early years of the British Mandate (in the early 20th century). It later housed the president of the Supreme Muslim Council.[7]

Israeli period Edit

It has been taken over by the Israel Border Police as a police station. Inside, the Israelis have created a Jewish prayer room, which is "sometimes called the 'synagogue inside the Haram'", according to an International Crisis Group report. Structural alterations have been made, as there have been an increasing number of people and prayers there.[8]

Architecture Edit

 
Its elaborate portal

It is the best example of a cruciform madrasa in Jerusalem; its four halls unite in a central area where a marble fountain stands. The entirety of the building "exudes harmony", notes historian Max van Berchem.[9]

Its entrance is set inside a tall portal, considered "one of the finest niche-headed doorways in Jerusalem". Its elements are a combination of geometric precision and free-hand irregularity.[10] The top of the recess is a niche-like semi-dome covered with radiating flutes that merge into chevrons. The flute carving "is so delicate as to necessitate very fine joints between the voussoirs, and these have been most carefully set out".[10] The lower part of the semi-dome has three courses (rows) of muqarnas;[11] the lowest course features two shell ornaments "to give interest to the re-entering angles".[10]

Above the lintel is an inscription between two bands of black-and-white ablaq. The inscription includes Tankiz's mamluk emblem (a cup), his name and the year 729 AH (overlapping partly with 1328 and 1329 CE).[12][13]

The architectural concept of the "hanging madrasa" – having part or all of the interior be built atop a portico or a series of arches – was first applied for this madrasa.[14]

Environs Edit

Its eastern façade is inside the western esplanade of the al-Aqsa Compound, where it overlooks the Dome of Moses.

Its northeast corner is next to the Chain Gate. Its entrance faces north, where there is a small plaza with a sebil called the Chain Gate Sebil.

The plaza north of the Tankiziyya also includes the Turba as-Saʿdiyya (a tomb) and the Ribāṭ an-Nisā’ (a woman's hospice, or ribāṭ).[15] The ribat, which was founded by Tankiz in the same year, can also considered to be part of the Tankiziyya complex, even though it is separate from the madrasa building.[6]

West of the Tankiziyya's north entrance are four small shops that belonged to the Tankiziyya. They were among the businesses that generated revenues to support the Tankiziyya.[6][11][4]

Cotton Merchants' Market and Khān Tankiz on the next street to the north were founded by Tankiz c. 1336.

References Edit

  1. ^ The name al-Tankiziyya is also transliterated at-Tankiziyya, because the article al- assimilates to at- before t, a sun letter.
  2. ^ المدرسة التنكزية, Madrasa at-Tankiziyya.
  1. ^ "Madrasa Tankaziyya". Museum with no Frontiers.
  2. ^ Archivum Ottomanicum. Mouton. 1984. p. 174. Mujir al-Din states that the Tankiziyya was founded as a waqf by the Emir Tankiz al-Nāsirī, viceroy of Syria
  3. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 118; cited in Burgoyne, 1987, p. 225.
    Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem. pp. 223−239. ISBN 090503533X.
  4. ^ a b c Masalha, Nur (2022). Palestine Across Millennia. Bloomsbury. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-7556-4296-0. a vast system of urban businesses and rural lands of entire villages in Palestine as well as twenty-eight shops was linked to the endowment document of, and designed to secure revenues in support of, the Tankiziyya college. […] The main building consisted of two main floors, with an added roof-top lodge for women. The first floor consisted of the madrasa, a mosque, a library (Khizanat al-Kutub) and various rooms for teaching, rooms for residential scholars and boarding students […]. The second floor included a lodge for Sufi teachers, a Sufi mosque and an orphanage. The compounded also included a separate building (ribat) for women.
  5. ^ Pahlitzsch, J. (2001). "The Concern for Spiritual Salvation and Memoria in Islamic Public Endowments in Jerusalem (XII–XVI C.) as Compared to the Concepts of Christendom". In Vermeulen, Urbain (ed.). Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk Eras. Peeters Publishers. pp. 340–341. ISBN 9042909706..
  6. ^ a b c "Madrasa-khanqah of al-Amir Tankiz al-Nasiri". Institute for International Urban Development. The complex […] consists of two structures: the larger one […] includes a […] madrasa, a dar al-Hadith (school of Hadith or Tradition), a khanqah, and a maktab aytam (school for orphans). The other structure was built as a ribat (hospice) for women, […] on the opposite side of the plaza. […] The khanqah is built on a second floor and is divided into two parts: the cells of the Sufis [and] the main unit
  7. ^ Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton; Richards, Donald Sidney (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem. British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by the World of Islam Festival Trust. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-905035-33-8. during the nineteenth century, the building was taken over for the town's lawcourt (al-maḥkama al-sharʿiyya). And so it remained during the early days of the British Mandate until it became the residence of the head of the Supreme Muslim Council, Amīn al-Ḥusaynī.
  8. ^ Dumper, Mick (June 2015). "The Status of the Status Quo at Jerusalem's Esplanade" (PDF). International Crisis Group Middle East Report, No 159.
  9. ^ Berchem, van, M. (1922). Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum. 2e partie. Syrie du Sud. Tome 1er. Jérusalem «Ville» (in French). Cairo: Impr. de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale. Ce bel édifice offre l'exemple le plus parfait et le mieux conservé d'une madrasa sur plan cruciforme du type de Jérusalem [… p. 256:] l'édifice entier […] respire une telle harmonie qu on peut le considérer comme un exemple classique du plan cruciforme à Jérusalem
  10. ^ a b c Harvey, William (1912). "Jerusalem drawings". Architectural Review. 22: 201–206.
  11. ^ a b "Madrasa al-Tankiziyya (Jeruslaem)". Archnet.
  12. ^ Rousselot, Simon. "Madrasa al-Tankizīyya (Jerusalem)". Mamluk Emblems Online Corpus.
  13. ^ Mayer, L.A. (1933). Saracenic Heraldry: a Survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  14. ^ Jarrar, Sabri (1998). "Suq al-Maʿrifa: An Ayyubid Hanbalite Shrine in al-Haram al-Sharif" (PDF). Muqarnas. 15: 71–100. doi:10.2307/1523278. JSTOR 1523278. The "hanging madrasa" theme was introduced for the first time on top of the Haram portico […] in [Tankiz's] foundation at Bab al-Silsila (1328-29) as a response too the exigencies of the site and the dearth of land. (p. 95)
  15. ^ Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton; et al. (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem. British School of Archaeology. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-905035-33-8. Endowed in 730/1330. Women's hospice founded by Tankiz al-Nasiri. Modern name not known (photographer's shop and studio) […] Opposite the Tankiziyya, on the north and west sides of the square in front of Bāb al-Silsila/Bāb as-Sakīna.

Bibliography Edit

  • Berchem, van, M. (1922). MIFAO 43 Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Part 2 Syrie du Sud T.1 Jérusalem "Ville" (in French and Arabic). Cairo: Impr. de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale. (pp. 252−261)
  • Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem. ISBN 090503533X. (pp. 223−239)
  • Hawari, M.; Yusuf Natsheh; Nazmi Al-Ju'beh (2013). Pilgrimage, Sciences and Sufism: Islamic Art in the West Bank and Gaza. Museum With No Frontiers, MWNF. ISBN 978-3902782113. (pp. 123–125)
  • Harvey, William (1912). "Jerusalem drawings". Architectural Review. 22: 201–206.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Mayer, L.A. (1933). Saracenic Heraldry: A Survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Mayer, 1933, pp. 218−223)
  • Moudjir ed-dyn (1876). Sauvaire (ed.). Histoire de Jérusalem et d'Hébron depuis Abraham jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle de J.-C. : fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir-ed-dyn. (Moudjir ed-dyn, 1876, p. 142)

External links Edit

  • Al-Tankiziyya, archnet

August 29, 2023
tankiziyya, arabic, التنكزية, historic, building, jerusalem, that, included, madrasa, part, west, wall, aqsa, compound, also, known, maḥkama, building, school, seen, from, inside, aqsa, compound, contents, history, mamluk, period, late, ottoman, mandate, perio. The at Tankiziyya al Tankiziyya N 1 Arabic التنكزية the Tankiziyya is a historic building in Jerusalem that included a madrasa N 2 It is part of the west wall of the al Aqsa Compound It is also known as the Maḥkama building The school as seen from inside the al Aqsa Compound Contents 1 History 1 1 Mamluk period 1 2 Late Ottoman amp Mandate periods 1 3 Israeli period 2 Architecture 3 Environs 4 References 5 Bibliography 5 1 External linksHistory EditMamluk period Edit The building was created in 1328 1330 funded through a waqf charitable endowment by Tankiz a Baḥrite Mamluk viceroy and emir 1 2 And the name Tankiziyya commemorates him Tankiz with the nisba suffix The endowment also included revenues from several urban businesses and Palestinian villages such as Ayn Qinya 3 4 The Tankiziyya served three main purposes a madrasa a school for the muḥaddithun experts in hadith and a home for a community of Sufis There were a set of rules regulating when and where each of the three separate groups would meet for daily recitations of the Qur an and prayers for Tankiz his descendants and the ruling sultan 5 The building also included a library a khanqah and a school for orphans 6 4 Late Ottoman amp Mandate periods Edit It became the Mahkamah Mahkameh Mehkemeh المحكمة al Maḥkama Maḥkame law court because it housed a sharia court al maḥkama al sharʿiyya from the 19th century to the early years of the British Mandate in the early 20th century It later housed the president of the Supreme Muslim Council 7 Israeli period Edit It has been taken over by the Israel Border Police as a police station Inside the Israelis have created a Jewish prayer room which is sometimes called the synagogue inside the Haram according to an International Crisis Group report Structural alterations have been made as there have been an increasing number of people and prayers there 8 Architecture Edit Its elaborate portalIt is the best example of a cruciform madrasa in Jerusalem its four halls unite in a central area where a marble fountain stands The entirety of the building exudes harmony notes historian Max van Berchem 9 Its entrance is set inside a tall portal considered one of the finest niche headed doorways in Jerusalem Its elements are a combination of geometric precision and free hand irregularity 10 The top of the recess is a niche like semi dome covered with radiating flutes that merge into chevrons The flute carving is so delicate as to necessitate very fine joints between the voussoirs and these have been most carefully set out 10 The lower part of the semi dome has three courses rows of muqarnas 11 the lowest course features two shell ornaments to give interest to the re entering angles 10 Above the lintel is an inscription between two bands of black and white ablaq The inscription includes Tankiz s mamluk emblem a cup his name and the year 729 AH overlapping partly with 1328 and 1329 CE 12 13 The architectural concept of the hanging madrasa having part or all of the interior be built atop a portico or a series of arches was first applied for this madrasa 14 Environs EditIts eastern facade is inside the western esplanade of the al Aqsa Compound where it overlooks the Dome of Moses Its northeast corner is next to the Chain Gate Its entrance faces north where there is a small plaza with a sebil called the Chain Gate Sebil The plaza north of the Tankiziyya also includes the Turba as Saʿdiyya a tomb and the Ribaṭ an Nisa a woman s hospice or ribaṭ 15 The ribat which was founded by Tankiz in the same year can also considered to be part of the Tankiziyya complex even though it is separate from the madrasa building 6 West of the Tankiziyya s north entrance are four small shops that belonged to the Tankiziyya They were among the businesses that generated revenues to support the Tankiziyya 6 11 4 Cotton Merchants Market and Khan Tankiz on the next street to the north were founded by Tankiz c 1336 References Edit The name al Tankiziyya is also transliterated at Tankiziyya because the article al assimilates to at before t a sun letter المدرسة التنكزية Madrasa at Tankiziyya Madrasa Tankaziyya Museum with no Frontiers Archivum Ottomanicum Mouton 1984 p 174 Mujir al Din states that the Tankiziyya was founded as a waqf by the Emir Tankiz al Nasiri viceroy of Syria Hutteroth and Abdulfattah 1977 p 118 cited in Burgoyne 1987 p 225 Burgoyne Michael Hamilton 1987 Mamluk Jerusalem pp 223 239 ISBN 090503533X a b c Masalha Nur 2022 Palestine Across Millennia Bloomsbury p 170 ISBN 978 0 7556 4296 0 a vast system of urban businesses and rural lands of entire villages in Palestine as well as twenty eight shops was linked to the endowment document of and designed to secure revenues in support of the Tankiziyya college The main building consisted of two main floors with an added roof top lodge for women The first floor consisted of the madrasa a mosque a library Khizanat al Kutub and various rooms for teaching rooms for residential scholars and boarding students The second floor included a lodge for Sufi teachers a Sufi mosque and an orphanage The compounded also included a separate building ribat for women Pahlitzsch J 2001 The Concern for Spiritual Salvation and Memoria in Islamic Public Endowments in Jerusalem XII XVI C as Compared to the Concepts of Christendom In Vermeulen Urbain ed Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid Ayyubid and Mamluk Eras Peeters Publishers pp 340 341 ISBN 9042909706 a b c Madrasa khanqah of al Amir Tankiz al Nasiri Institute for International Urban Development The complex consists of two structures the larger one includes a madrasa a dar al Hadith school of Hadith or Tradition a khanqah and a maktab aytam school for orphans The other structure was built as a ribat hospice for women on the opposite side of the plaza The khanqah is built on a second floor and is divided into two parts the cells of the Sufis and the main unit Burgoyne Michael Hamilton Richards Donald Sidney 1987 Mamluk Jerusalem British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by the World of Islam Festival Trust p 228 ISBN 978 0 905035 33 8 during the nineteenth century the building was taken over for the town s lawcourt al maḥkama al sharʿiyya And so it remained during the early days of the British Mandate until it became the residence of the head of the Supreme Muslim Council Amin al Ḥusayni Dumper Mick June 2015 The Status of the Status Quo at Jerusalem s Esplanade PDF International Crisis Group Middle East Report No 159 Berchem van M 1922 Materiaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum 2e partie Syrie du Sud Tome 1er Jerusalem Ville in French Cairo Impr de l Institut francais d archeologie orientale Ce bel edifice offre l exemple le plus parfait et le mieux conserve d une madrasa sur plan cruciforme du type de Jerusalem p 256 l edifice entier respire une telle harmonie qu on peut le considerer comme un exemple classique du plan cruciforme a Jerusalem a b c Harvey William 1912 Jerusalem drawings Architectural Review 22 201 206 a b Madrasa al Tankiziyya Jeruslaem Archnet Rousselot Simon Madrasa al Tankiziyya Jerusalem Mamluk Emblems Online Corpus Mayer L A 1933 Saracenic Heraldry a Survey Oxford Oxford University Press Jarrar Sabri 1998 Suq al Maʿrifa An Ayyubid Hanbalite Shrine in al Haram al Sharif PDF Muqarnas 15 71 100 doi 10 2307 1523278 JSTOR 1523278 The hanging madrasa theme was introduced for the first time on top of the Haram portico in Tankiz s foundation at Bab al Silsila 1328 29 as a response too the exigencies of the site and the dearth of land p 95 Burgoyne Michael Hamilton et al 1987 Mamluk Jerusalem British School of Archaeology p 240 ISBN 978 0 905035 33 8 Endowed in 730 1330 Women s hospice founded by Tankiz al Nasiri Modern name not known photographer s shop and studio Opposite the Tankiziyya on the north and west sides of the square in front of Bab al Silsila Bab as Sakina Bibliography EditBerchem van M 1922 MIFAO 43 Materiaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Part 2 Syrie du Sud T 1 Jerusalem Ville in French and Arabic Cairo Impr de l Institut francais d archeologie orientale pp 252 261 Burgoyne Michael Hamilton 1987 Mamluk Jerusalem ISBN 090503533X pp 223 239 Hawari M Yusuf Natsheh Nazmi Al Ju beh 2013 Pilgrimage Sciences and Sufism Islamic Art in the West Bank and Gaza Museum With No Frontiers MWNF ISBN 978 3902782113 pp 123 125 Harvey William 1912 Jerusalem drawings Architectural Review 22 201 206 Hutteroth Wolf Dieter Abdulfattah Kamal 1977 Historical Geography of Palestine Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten Sonderband 5 Erlangen Germany Vorstand der Frankischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ISBN 3 920405 41 2 Mayer L A 1933 Saracenic Heraldry A Survey Oxford Oxford University Press Mayer 1933 pp 218 223 Moudjir ed dyn 1876 Sauvaire ed Histoire de Jerusalem et d Hebron depuis Abraham jusqu a la fin du XVe siecle de J C fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir ed dyn Moudjir ed dyn 1876 p 142 External links Edit Al Tankiziyya archnet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tankiziyya amp oldid 1169378894, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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