Al-Muntafiq (Arabic: المنتفق) was a large Arab tribal confederation of southern Iraq and Kuwait. The confederation's tribes predominantly settled in Iraq's southern provinces and northern Kuwait. The confederation is not homogeneous in terms of sect/religion.[1] Centuries of intermarriage and intermingling created mixed of Sunni and Shia tribes. Therefore, a minority of individual tribes within the confederation is Sunni. Overall, it is almost impossible to delineate who is, and who is not part of the Muntafiq.
Al-Muntafiq Emirate
المنتفق
1530–1918
Flag of the Muntafiq Emirate
The Muntafiq Emirate at its greatest territorial extent circa 1675.
The tribe is divided into three main branches: Bani Malik, al-Ajwad, and Bani Sa'id. Most of the tribe traces its genealogy to the tribe of Banu 'Uqayl of the large and ancient Banu 'Amir confederation of Najd. However, the tribe's traditional leaders are Al-Saadun ("the house of Saadun"), who are said to be Sharifs originating from Mecca, while the al-Ajwad branch is said to partially originate from the ancient Arab tribe of Tayy. The Muntafiq tribe was led by Yusuf Beg of the Saadun clan.[2] They were traditional rivals of the Dhufir and of Ibn Saud, although Yusuf sometimes co-operated with Ibn Saud.
The tribe migrated to Iraq during the Islamic conquests. In Ottoman times, the tribe held control over the region of Basrah under Ottoman suzerainty. In 1521, they successfully occupied al-Ahsa and al-Qatif (eastern Saudi Arabia today) on the Ottomans' behalf, before being expelled by Banu Khalid.
Map of the Ottoman Empire and the Vilayet of Basra in Red, which was under direct rule of the Sadoon Tribe
During the Ottoman era, most of the tribe settled into sedentary life and took up agriculture in southern and western Iraq. During the Ottoman era, from the late eighteenth century onwards, al-Muntafiq converted to Shia Islam.[3][4]
Ottoman depictions of the Vilayet of Basra, early 20th century
The city of Nasiriya in southern Iraq was named after one of the tribe's sheikhs, and the surrounding province was known as "Al-Muntafiq Province" until 1976.
Those who were herders of small animals such as sheep and goat, rather than camels, and this made them less mobile and less competent as a fighting force compared to the camel-herding tribes of inner Arabia.
Although the tribe's nominal leaders, the Al Saadun, are Sunnis, most of the tribe's members follow the Shi'ite sect of Islam. After many decades of sedentarization, the tribal bond has weakened and the leadership of the Al Saadun is largely nominal.
Many stateless Bedoon in Kuwait belong to the Muntafiq tribal confederation.[5][6]
Levi Della Vida, G.; Sluglett, P. "al- Muntafiḳ ." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. [1][permanent dead link] Christiane Thompson, Iranian Tentacles into Iraq, 2009 [2] 19 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine
Notes
^Thompson, Christiane. . School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS). Archived from the original on 19 June 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
^. King Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud Information Resource. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
^Lorimer, Gazetteer, 2B:1273; Great Britain, naval intelligence division, geographical handbook series, Iraq and the Persian Gulf, September 1944, 379-80; Great Britain, office of the civil commissioner, The Arab of Mesopotamia, Basra, 1917,6.
^"بدون الكويت: كرة ثلج تتدحرج منذ 40 عاماً". Elaph (in Arabic). 2007.
^Fayez Alfayez (26 February 2021). "أزمة الهوية الوطنية - د. فايز الفايز". Platform Post (in Arabic).
January 14, 2023
muntafiq, arabic, المنتفق, large, arab, tribal, confederation, southern, iraq, kuwait, confederation, tribes, predominantly, settled, iraq, southern, provinces, northern, kuwait, confederation, homogeneous, terms, sect, religion, centuries, intermarriage, inte. Al Muntafiq Arabic المنتفق was a large Arab tribal confederation of southern Iraq and Kuwait The confederation s tribes predominantly settled in Iraq s southern provinces and northern Kuwait The confederation is not homogeneous in terms of sect religion 1 Centuries of intermarriage and intermingling created mixed of Sunni and Shia tribes Therefore a minority of individual tribes within the confederation is Sunni Overall it is almost impossible to delineate who is and who is not part of the Muntafiq Al Muntafiq Emirateالمنتفق1530 1918Flag of the Muntafiq EmirateThe Muntafiq Emirate at its greatest territorial extent circa 1675 CapitalBasraCommon languagesArabic official ReligionIslamGovernmentMonarchyEmir 1530 1918Sadoon FamilyHistorical eraModern History Basra Eyalet1530 Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire13 November 1918CurrencyOttoman liraPreceded by Succeeded byOttoman Empire Mandatory IraqSheikhdom of KuwaitSultanate of NejdQajar IranThe tribe is divided into three main branches Bani Malik al Ajwad and Bani Sa id Most of the tribe traces its genealogy to the tribe of Banu Uqayl of the large and ancient Banu Amir confederation of Najd However the tribe s traditional leaders are Al Saadun the house of Saadun who are said to be Sharifs originating from Mecca while the al Ajwad branch is said to partially originate from the ancient Arab tribe of Tayy The Muntafiq tribe was led by Yusuf Beg of the Saadun clan 2 They were traditional rivals of the Dhufir and of Ibn Saud although Yusuf sometimes co operated with Ibn Saud The tribe migrated to Iraq during the Islamic conquests In Ottoman times the tribe held control over the region of Basrah under Ottoman suzerainty In 1521 they successfully occupied al Ahsa and al Qatif eastern Saudi Arabia today on the Ottomans behalf before being expelled by Banu Khalid Map of the Ottoman Empire and the Vilayet of Basra in Red which was under direct rule of the Sadoon Tribe During the Ottoman era most of the tribe settled into sedentary life and took up agriculture in southern and western Iraq During the Ottoman era from the late eighteenth century onwards al Muntafiq converted to Shia Islam 3 4 Ottoman depictions of the Vilayet of Basra early 20th century The city of Nasiriya in southern Iraq was named after one of the tribe s sheikhs and the surrounding province was known as Al Muntafiq Province until 1976 Those who were herders of small animals such as sheep and goat rather than camels and this made them less mobile and less competent as a fighting force compared to the camel herding tribes of inner Arabia Although the tribe s nominal leaders the Al Saadun are Sunnis most of the tribe s members follow the Shi ite sect of Islam After many decades of sedentarization the tribal bond has weakened and the leadership of the Al Saadun is largely nominal Many stateless Bedoon in Kuwait belong to the Muntafiq tribal confederation 5 6 Contents 1 Division 2 See also 3 Sources 4 NotesDivision EditBani Malik Al Ibrahim Al Wadai Al Majid Al Diwan Al TaughiyahAl Ajwad Al Bdour Al Juwarin Al Ghazzi Al ShuraifatBani Huchaim Al Zayyad Al Ghazalat Bani SalamahAlbu Salah Al Shamlah Al Safaa Al Abada Al AraithibAlbu Salah Al Aunan Al Rufiat Al ZuabaSee also EditBedoonSources EditLevi Della Vida G Sluglett P al Muntafiḳ Encyclopaedia of Islam Edited by P Bearman Th Bianquis C E Bosworth E van Donzel and W P Heinrichs Brill 2007 Brill Online 1 permanent dead link Christiane Thompson Iranian Tentacles into Iraq 2009 2 Archived 19 June 2014 at the Wayback MachineNotes Edit Thompson Christiane Iranian Tentacles into Iraq School of Advanced Military Studies SAMS Archived from the original on 19 June 2014 Retrieved 3 December 2012 Muntafiq King Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud Information Resource Archived from the original on 2 December 2013 Retrieved 3 December 2012 The Shi is of Iraq By Yitzhak Nakash pg 27 Lorimer Gazetteer 2B 1273 Great Britain naval intelligence division geographical handbook series Iraq and the Persian Gulf September 1944 379 80 Great Britain office of the civil commissioner The Arab of Mesopotamia Basra 1917 6 بدون الكويت كرة ثلج تتدحرج منذ 40 عاما Elaph in Arabic 2007 Fayez Alfayez 26 February 2021 أزمة الهوية الوطنية د فايز الفايز Platform Post in Arabic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Muntafiq amp oldid 1119102348, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
