Al-Mu'ayyad fid-din Abu Nasr Hibat Allah b. Abi 'Imran Musa b. Da'ud ash-Shirazi (c. 1000 CE/390 AH – 1078 CE/470 AH) was an 11th-century Isma'ili scholar, philosopher-poet, preacher and theologian of Persian origin. He served the Fatimid Caliph-Imāmal-Mustansir Billah as a Da'i in varying capacities, eventually attaining the highest rank of Bab al-Abwab "The Gate of Gates" and Da'i al-du'at "Chief Missionary" in the Fatimid Da‘wah. In his theological and philosophical writings he brought the Isma'ili spiritual heritage to its pinnacle.[1]
Hibatullah ibn Musa Abu Nasr al-Mu'ayyad fi d-Din ash-Shirazi
Al-Mu'ayyad was born in Shiraz not later than 387/997 and died in Cairo in 470 AH/1078 AD. He lived during the time of the Fatimid Caliphs Al-Hakim (386–412 AH / 996–1021 AD), Al-Zahir (412–427 AH / 1021–1036 AD) and Al-Mustansir (427–48AH / 1036–1094AD). He was buried in the Dar al-ilm where he had resided, worked and died.[2]
Al-Muayyad's real name was Hibatullah ibn Musa, born in the town of Shiraz, capital of the Fars Province (then Persia, now in modern-day Iran), in the year 1000 CE. His father, Musa ibn Dawud, served under the Fatimid Caliph-Imam al-Hakim bi Amr Allah as the Chief Missionary of the province of Fars, where the Isma'ili mission was active. Al-Muayyad was "contemporary with the changeover from the Buyid to the Saljuq Sultanate under the Abbasid Caliphate, as well as the Arab bedouin Hilalian invasion of North Africa, the Fatimiid encouraged invasion of Baghdad by al-Basasiri, the Battle of Manzikert in Anatolia, the rise of the Sulayhids of Yaman and the advent of the Armnenian General Badr al-Jamali in Egypt".
During the reign of the Fatimid Caliph-Imam al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah, Hibatullah ibn Musa was permitted to take over the da'wah office from his father. His title, Al-Mu'ayyad fi d-Din ('The one aided in religion') was probably accorded to him around this time.
Al-Mu'ayyad was appointed to the Diwan al-insha' (secretariat) in 440 AH / 1048 AD on a monthly salary of 1000 dinars and wrote the religious sermons (al-Majalis) for al-Yazuri (as-Sira 89–90). Al-Mu'ayyad gives us an interesting information about the presence of a Buyid Prince Abu 'Ali in the Fatimid Court (as-Siras 87).[3]
Al-Muayyad (Hibatullah) gradually worked his way up the hierarchy of the da‘wa and was eventually appointed Chief Missionary under the Caliph-Imam al-Mustansir Billah. He was appointed the head of the Academy of Science (Dar al-'Iim, originally been founded by the Caliph al-Hakim in Cairo), which was also the headquarters of the Da'wa and became the residence of al-Mu'ayyad. He directed the Da'wa affairs throughout the Fatimid sphere of influence particularly Persia, Yaman, Bahrayn and Northern and Western India ('Uyun - ms. - fols. 59-63, 65). In this position, he worked teaching missionaries from both inside and outside the Fatimid Empire and composing his theological works until the end of his life in 1078 CE. He founded the dynamic tradition of Fatimid daʿwa ('religious mission') poetry that flourished after him for a thousand years through the succeeding Taiyabi daʿwa and continues to thrive today. His poetry uses a unique form of esoteric tāwīl-based religious symbolism – metaphor, in fact, as manifestation, where what appears to be metaphor is the theological reality of the Imam.[4]
The primary source for details of Al-Mu'ayyad's life are his own memoirs, the Sirat al-Mu'ayyad fi d-Din, which was written in three stages between the years 1051 and 1063 CE. He is also mentioned in the works of Nasir Khusraw, another prominent Isma'ili scholar of the time, who had learned under al-Mu'ayyad. In a poem written in 455/1063 (Diwan, 173–177) Nasir praises al-Mua-yyad as his master (teacher) and refers to him as the "Warden of the Gate" ('Bab'). There are other direct references in Nasir's Diwan (313–314). Al-Mu'ayyad also taught Hassan-i Sabbah.
Worksedit
Majalis ul-Muayyadiyah, written between 450 AH to 470 AH. Comprising eight volumes, each one hundred lectures. It deals with various theological and philosophical questions asked by people of other religions and atheists.[5]
Diwan ul-Muayyad, a collection of poems in praise of the Ismai'ili Imams and the doctrines of their faith
Verena Klemm (2003). Memoirs of a Mission: The Ismaili Scholar, Statesman and Poet, al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi. Ismaili Heritage Series 9, London: I. B. Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies. ISBN978-1-86064-432-0.
Tahera Qutbuddin (2005). Al-mu'ayyad Al-shirazi And Fatimid Da'wa Poetry: A Case Of Commitment In Classical Arabic Literature. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN978-90-04-14103-2.
External linksedit
MOʾAYYAD FI’L-DIN ŠIRĀZI in Encyclopaedia Iranica
Czarnuszewicz, Marc (2021). "Challenging Narratives of "Missionary" Ismaʿilism in Buyid Iran: Reconsidering the Sira of al-Mu ʾayyad fī al-Din al-Shirazi through Socio-economic Contextualisation". Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies: 1–21. doi:10.1080/05786967.2021.1882261. hdl:10023/25763. S2CID 234056721.
Qutbuddin, Tahera (2020). "al-Muʾayyad al-Shīrāzī". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
Bab al-Abwab
The Institute of Ismaili Studies - Memoirs of a Mission: The Ismaili Scholar, Statesman and Poet, al-Mu’ayyad fi’l-Din al-Shirazi 2010-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
A Short sketch of the Life of Syedna Al-Muayyad-Fid-Din Al-Shirazi, Head Missionary of the Ismaili Sect
Al Muayyad fid din al Shirazi Article at Amaana.org
Life and Lectures of Al Muayyad fid-din al Shirazi Majalis-ul Muayyadiya - by Al Muayyad fid-din Shirazi
Ismaili Web Poetry Page 1 - Al Muayyad fid-din Shirazi
Al Muayyad's protege Nasir Khusraw
November 23, 2023
ayyad, shirazi, ayyad, nasr, hibat, allah, imran, musa, shirazi, 1000, 1078, 11th, century, isma, scholar, philosopher, poet, preacher, theologian, persian, origin, served, fatimid, caliph, imām, mustansir, billah, varying, capacities, eventually, attaining, h. Al Mu ayyad fid din Abu Nasr Hibat Allah b Abi Imran Musa b Da ud ash Shirazi c 1000 CE 390 AH 1078 CE 470 AH was an 11th century Isma ili scholar philosopher poet preacher and theologian of Persian origin He served the Fatimid Caliph Imam al Mustansir Billah as a Da i in varying capacities eventually attaining the highest rank of Bab al Abwab The Gate of Gates and Da i al du at Chief Missionary in the Fatimid Da wah In his theological and philosophical writings he brought the Isma ili spiritual heritage to its pinnacle 1 Hibatullah ibn Musa Abu Nasr al Mu ayyad fi d Din ash ShiraziBorn1000 CE 390 AHDied1078 CE 470 AHEraMedieval eraRegionIslamic philosophySchoolIsma ili Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 See also 4 References 5 Literature 6 External linksLife editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Al Mu ayyad was born in Shiraz not later than 387 997 and died in Cairo in 470 AH 1078 AD He lived during the time of the Fatimid Caliphs Al Hakim 386 412 AH 996 1021 AD Al Zahir 412 427 AH 1021 1036 AD and Al Mustansir 427 48AH 1036 1094AD He was buried in the Dar al ilm where he had resided worked and died 2 Al Muayyad s real name was Hibatullah ibn Musa born in the town of Shiraz capital of the Fars Province then Persia now in modern day Iran in the year 1000 CE His father Musa ibn Dawud served under the Fatimid Caliph Imam al Hakim bi Amr Allah as the Chief Missionary of the province of Fars where the Isma ili mission was active Al Muayyad was contemporary with the changeover from the Buyid to the Saljuq Sultanate under the Abbasid Caliphate as well as the Arab bedouin Hilalian invasion of North Africa the Fatimiid encouraged invasion of Baghdad by al Basasiri the Battle of Manzikert in Anatolia the rise of the Sulayhids of Yaman and the advent of the Armnenian General Badr al Jamali in Egypt During the reign of the Fatimid Caliph Imam al Zahir li i zaz Din Allah Hibatullah ibn Musa was permitted to take over the da wah office from his father His title Al Mu ayyad fi d Din The one aided in religion was probably accorded to him around this time Al Mu ayyad was appointed to the Diwan al insha secretariat in 440 AH 1048 AD on a monthly salary of 1000 dinars and wrote the religious sermons al Majalis for al Yazuri as Sira 89 90 Al Mu ayyad gives us an interesting information about the presence of a Buyid Prince Abu Ali in the Fatimid Court as Siras 87 3 Al Muayyad Hibatullah gradually worked his way up the hierarchy of the da wa and was eventually appointed Chief Missionary under the Caliph Imam al Mustansir Billah He was appointed the head of the Academy of Science Dar al Iim originally been founded by the Caliph al Hakim in Cairo which was also the headquarters of the Da wa and became the residence of al Mu ayyad He directed the Da wa affairs throughout the Fatimid sphere of influence particularly Persia Yaman Bahrayn and Northern and Western India Uyun ms fols 59 63 65 In this position he worked teaching missionaries from both inside and outside the Fatimid Empire and composing his theological works until the end of his life in 1078 CE He founded the dynamic tradition of Fatimid daʿwa religious mission poetry that flourished after him for a thousand years through the succeeding Taiyabi daʿwa and continues to thrive today His poetry uses a unique form of esoteric tawil based religious symbolism metaphor in fact as manifestation where what appears to be metaphor is the theological reality of the Imam 4 The primary source for details of Al Mu ayyad s life are his own memoirs the Sirat al Mu ayyad fi d Din which was written in three stages between the years 1051 and 1063 CE He is also mentioned in the works of Nasir Khusraw another prominent Isma ili scholar of the time who had learned under al Mu ayyad In a poem written in 455 1063 Diwan 173 177 Nasir praises al Mua yyad as his master teacher and refers to him as the Warden of the Gate Bab There are other direct references in Nasir s Diwan 313 314 Al Mu ayyad also taught Hassan i Sabbah Works editMajalis ul Muayyadiyah written between 450 AH to 470 AH Comprising eight volumes each one hundred lectures It deals with various theological and philosophical questions asked by people of other religions and atheists 5 Diwan ul Muayyad a collection of poems in praise of the Ismai ili Imams and the doctrines of their faith Sirat al Muayyad fid Din his autobiography Sarah ul Maad a treatise on the Day of Resurrection Al Eazah watabeer fi Fazle Yoomal Ghadir a treatise on the Ghadir Khumm incident Al Ibteda wal Inteha the Beginning and the End Taweel ul Arwah a treatise on souls Mahajul Ibadah the method of devotion Al Maselet wal Jawab Questions and Answers Buniyad i ta wil Persian translation of Asas al ta wil by Al Qadi al Nu man 6 See also editIsmailism Nasir Khusraw al Qubadiani Imamah Ismaili doctrine Imamah Nizari Ismaili doctrine Nizari IsmailisReferences edit VERENA KLEMM MOʾAYYAD FI L DIN SIRAZI in Encyclopaedia Iranica 12 0 The Fatimid Da i Al Mu ayyad His Life by Dr Abbas Hamdani University of Wisconsin Milwaukee U S A 12 0 The Fatimid Da i Al Mu ayyad His Life by Dr Abbas Hamdani University of Wisconsin Milwaukee U S A Al Muʼayyad Al Shirazi and Fatimid Daʻwa Poetry A Case of Commitment in Classical Arabic Literature By Tahera Qutbuddin Brill 2005 Muayyad Fid Din Ash Shirazi Buniyad i ta wilLiterature editVerena Klemm 2003 Memoirs of a Mission The Ismaili Scholar Statesman and Poet al Mu ayyad fi l Din al Shirazi Ismaili Heritage Series 9 London I B Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies ISBN 978 1 86064 432 0 Tahera Qutbuddin 2005 Al mu ayyad Al shirazi And Fatimid Da wa Poetry A Case Of Commitment In Classical Arabic Literature Brill Academic Publishers ISBN 978 90 04 14103 2 External links editMOʾAYYAD FI L DIN SIRAZI in Encyclopaedia Iranica Czarnuszewicz Marc 2021 Challenging Narratives of Missionary Ismaʿilism in Buyid Iran Reconsidering the Sira of al Mu ʾayyad fi al Din al Shirazi through Socio economic Contextualisation Iran Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies 1 21 doi 10 1080 05786967 2021 1882261 hdl 10023 25763 S2CID 234056721 Qutbuddin Tahera 2020 al Muʾayyad al Shirazi In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Rowson Everett eds Encyclopaedia of Islam 3rd ed Brill Online ISSN 1873 9830 Bab al Abwab The Institute of Ismaili Studies Memoirs of a Mission The Ismaili Scholar Statesman and Poet al Mu ayyad fi l Din al Shirazi Archived 2010 12 16 at the Wayback Machine A Short sketch of the Life of Syedna Al Muayyad Fid Din Al Shirazi Head Missionary of the Ismaili Sect Al Muayyad fid din al Shirazi Article at Amaana org Life and Lectures of Al Muayyad fid din al Shirazi Majalis ul Muayyadiya by Al Muayyad fid din Shirazi Ismaili Web Poetry Page 1 Al Muayyad fid din Shirazi Al Muayyad s protege Nasir Khusraw Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Mu 27ayyad fi 27l Din al Shirazi amp oldid 1158623993, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
